人工視網膜 - Part 1 解剖生理及機轉簡介
恭喜林口長庚眼科部醫療團隊成功完成全國首例人工視網膜植入手術,恭喜黃奕修主任的傲人成就!
關於這個新科技人工視網膜(Retinalprothesis),就是俗稱人工電子眼。3-4年前,我還在美國進修的時候,非常幸運地,我所在的視網膜手術團隊(Professor Stanley Chang in Columbia University Medical Center, New York)被認證為人工視網膜手術的執行醫院,也有完成人工視網膜植入手術,非常有趣,也非常值得分享。
今天我們來分享一個有趣的人工視網膜科技!
其實這個生物醫學植入科技(Biomedical implanttechnology) 其實已經臨床試驗很多年了,因為今年年初 Feb 2013,Argus II retinal implant 獲得美國FDA核准上市(Marketapproval),這個科技又再一次成為熱門話題。不過大部份的媒體還是如過往一般,不斷強調這是台灣之光,發明人是台灣人(其實還有很多其他重要的人),而忽略了此項技術的原理,機轉,最重要的是哪些人或哪些疾病可以適用。
中樞神經(CNS)無法再生,這句雖然不是牢不可破的,但是以目前的科技,確實非常困難。所以,我們無法再生一些神經細胞來用,只能用原來還能用的。
視覺的產生是影像光線透過若干眼器(淚膜,眼角膜,前後房水,水晶體,及玻璃體)屈光折射,隨後聚像在視網膜上而造成視網膜外層感光細胞(Photoreceptor cell)去極化,接著將神經衝動傳送給許多內層傳遞與調節細胞 (Bipolar, Horizontal,Amacrine cells),最後經由神經節細胞(Ganglion cells)發出軸突(Axon)匯聚成視神經而傳遞視覺衝動到大腦視覺皮質,產生影像。過程相當複雜,其中只要一個環節出問題,我們就看不到了。(註:視網膜結構上可分成十層,就神經功能而言,可以大致分為外層和內層。)
我們今天要談的人工視網膜,就是扮演視覺產生中,內層傳遞與調節細胞之前的所有功能。影像會藉由先進的攝影科技,將訊號轉換後經植入微電極陣列(implanted electrode array),直接刺激內層傳遞與調節神經細胞來產生視覺訊號。簡單的說,人工視網膜取代了外層感光細胞的功能,也就是我們所熟知的桿狀細胞與錐狀細胞(Rod and Cone cells)。
所以說,只有外層感光細胞嚴重受損的患者才能使用此項科技。最常見的疾病是視網膜色素性病變(Retinitis pigmentosa )及老化性黃斑部退化性病變 (Age-related macular degerenation)。並不是任何視網膜疾病都適合使用。
根據美國FDA的適應症規定,人工視網膜,俗稱人工電子眼,目前只適用於視網膜色素性病變及老化性黃斑部退化性病變,而且雙眼視力都需退化到低於僅餘光覺或是無光覺,才能接受手術。所以尚有視力的黃斑病變或是視網膜剝離術後都不能接受手術。
有關外層感光細胞病變的診斷,必須要做進一步的電生理檢查(Electrophysiological testing),像是 ERG(electroretinogram) 再合併視野檢查(Visual field testing)才能診斷出外層感光細胞病變。
待續!
同時也有4部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過103萬的網紅LovelyMimi,也在其Youtube影片中提到,Hey YouTube Family, Today's video is my Jolie Plastic Surgery Experience Vlog!!!1 Comment below and let me know what you guys think! Here are som...
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medical implant 在 Abigale Facebook 的精選貼文
【祸不单行的患者从恶性滑膜肉瘤(癌症)扩散至肺癌】
【Unfortunate patient from a Synovial Sarcoma (type of cancer) spread to lung cancer】
【孝子不幸患癌,无力养父,恳求大众帮忙筹获医药费】
【Filial son unfortunately get cancer, can’t take care of father, pled the public to raise fund for medical fees】
【此癌症每1百万人只有3人患上】
【3 incidence out of 1 Mil population】
1 share = 救人一命
1 Share = Save a life
姓名:Kuan Keng Loong
Ic :850215-12-5427
年龄:31
家庭:父子俩相依KUAN LIP (65岁)
病历 :滑膜肉瘤,扩散至肺部
职业:风喉维修 (目前因为患病无法工作)
募捐数额 :马币 4万5千(医疗费用)
以下是患者募捐数额的分配:
:RM 20,000 (医生指定器材)(不包括手术费和住院费用)
:RM 5,000 (手术费与手术后住院费用)(手术后须住院7天)
:RM 2,400 (RM 400 x 6次 化疗所需费用)
:RM 3,200 (2次照MRI和CT SCAN费用)(每3个疗程1次)
:RM 14,400 (一年父子俩的生活费)(每个月RM1,200)
大家好,日前有位准备在政府医院动手术的患者联络上了我。目前此患者急需要一笔庞大的数额来购买医生指定的器材来支撑颈部的后向(手术时内置颈部)(不包括医药费用)。此患者KUAN KENG LOONG, 31岁,在今年2016年1月19日被政府医院认定患上了恶性滑膜肉瘤并且需要立刻动手术把此恶性肿瘤切除。就在患者与家人正在为医疗费用烦恼时,很不幸的医生也同时把另一个噩梦告知了患者,这就是患者的恶性肿瘤已经扩散至肺癌。目前患者的状态已经不允许动手术,所以医生建议患者先进行6次化疗疗程把肺癌治好了才再进行肿瘤切除手术。在此希望各位善心人士多多帮忙。谢谢大家!!!
请大家多多支持!!以大众的力量帮助需要帮助的人!!大家一起share出去吧!!
如要捐款,请按以下网址:
https://www.simplygiving.com/KuanKengLoongLocksOfHope
有意捐献者也能汇款入以下户口
Hong Leong Bank
32200032450
Persatuan Kunci Harapan (Locks of Hope)
汇款后请连同汇款单照片一起传送至
locksofhope2014@gmail.com
注明: Kuan Keng Loong加油
Name : Kuan Keng Loong
IC : 850215-12-5427
Age : 31
Family : Father (Kuan Lip 65 years old) & son only
Medical History : Synovial Sarcoma (neck), Metastasis to Lung
【operation】: cancer (tumor) removal and spinal plating
Occupation: Duct mechanic (unable to work currently due to medical condition)
Donation amount: RM 45,000 (medical fee)
Below is the break down to where the donation needed
:RM 20,000 (Doctor’s specific tools for patient )( implant neck support)(Surgery & room ward fee not included)
:RM 5,000 (Surgery fee , medical fees and room ward fee)(At least 7 days in the room ward after surgery)
:RM 2,400 (RM 400 x 6 time chemotherapy)
:RM 3,200 (2 time MRI & CT SCAN fee)(Every 3 chemo time)
:RM 14,400 (1 year father son living expenses)(RM 1,200 monthly)
Blessed day everyone, currently there is a patient who are ready for surgery in government hospital contacted us. The cancer patient is desperate need of a big amount of medical fee to buy doctor’s specific tools to support patient’s neck (cancer (tumor) removal and spinal plating ) (Medicine not included). Cancer patient Kuan Keng Loong, 31 years old, In this year 19/1/2016 diagnosed with Synovial Sarcoma (neck) by the government hospital and need to go for surgery immediately to remove the malignant tumor (cancer removal and spinal plating). As the patient and family are struggling for medical fees, the doctor has another bad news that stun the patient, that is the patient’s tumor has metastasis to lung. Currently the patient is not permitted to go for surgery, doctor suggest to have 6 time chemotherapy treatment to cure the lung cancer before the surgery, we hope for all the kind hearted donors’ help!
THANK YOU VERY MUCH
We hope that all could continue to support Kuan Keng Loong in completing her treatment.
Kindly help us to share out the link:
For donation, kindly bank in to the following account:
Hong Leong Bank
32200032450
Persatuan Kunci Harapan(Locks Of Hope Accosiation)
After donation, kindly email the transaction slip to locksofhope2014@gmail.com and state
"For Kuan Keng Loong Medical Fee"
medical implant 在 黎明柔 Facebook 的最讚貼文
裘莉醫師:割乳後 罹乳癌機率從87%降至5%
2013年05月14日16:04
現年37歲美國好萊塢女星安潔莉娜裘莉(Angelina Jolie),今日在《紐約時報》投書表示,為了降低罹患乳癌和卵巢癌的風險,進行了割除雙乳的手術。而裘莉也在文中提到,她的主治醫師向她表示,割乳後罹患乳癌的機率為從87%,降至5%。
另外,裘莉也提到,整個手術療程為時3個月,分為3階段進行。其中有一個手術階段是將引流管插入乳房,她直呼:「好像在拍科幻片一樣。」裘莉也說,手術最後一個階段就是將填充物植入胸部,她表示接下來需要花幾年時間來做復健,「但相信結果會非常美好」。
切除雙乳防癌/安潔莉娜裘莉:無損我的女性特質
2013-05-14 Web only 作者:吳凱琳編譯
美國女星安潔莉娜‧裘莉(Angelina Jolie )14日投書《紐約時報》,表示為了預防乳癌的發生,進行預防性手術,切除乳房。
一切都源自於她母親早逝帶給她的傷痛。
她母親因罹患癌症,年僅56歲便離開人世,「我的孩子們常問我,我會不會也像自己的母親那樣早地離開他們,我總是告訴他們別擔心,」但事實上,安潔莉娜‧裘莉心裡明白,經過醫學檢查,證實她體內帶有BRCA1 基因。女性若遺傳到這種基因,罹患乳癌和卵巢癌的機率將大增。安潔莉娜‧裘莉的醫師預估,她罹患乳癌和卵巢癌的機率分別為87%與50%。
於是,她做出了常人難以想像的重大決定:切除雙乳,預防乳癌發生。
整體療程開始於今年2月2日,歷經乳房組織切除與義乳重建等手術,直到4月底,總計9星期的療程全部結束。安潔莉娜‧裘莉形容,整個過程就像是科幻電影的場景般,休息幾天之後,便可立即恢復正常生活。
更幸運的是,她的乳癌病發機率從87%驟降為5%。她也沒有因為乳房切除手術而感到任何的不適應,「我並沒有因此感覺自己不再像是女人,我反而覺得自己做了很勇敢的決定,而這個決定絲毫未減損我的女性特質。」
在文章中,她特別感謝人生的伴侶布萊德‧彼特(Brad Pitt ),「在經歷手術過程的每分每秒,他都一直陪在我身旁。我們倆都認為這是對我們的家庭最正確的決定,這個決定也讓我們彼此更為親密。」
文章最後她特別提到,之所以決定公開自己的隱私,目的是期望幫助更多女性選擇正確的醫療方式,遠離癌症威脅。根據世界衛生組織統計,每年死於乳癌的女性高達45.8萬人,或許她的經驗可以提供參考。不過,究竟預防性手術是否是治療癌症的最恰當方式,恐怕有待醫療專業的評估。(吳凱琳編譯)
安潔莉娜‧裘莉投書《紐約時報》「My Medical Choice」全文
My Medical Choice
By ANGELINA JOLIE
Published: May 14, 2013
MY MOTHER fought cancer for almost a decade and died at 56. She held out long enough to meet the first of her grandchildren and to hold them in her arms. But my other children will never have the chance to know her and experience how loving and gracious she was.
We often speak of “Mommy’s mommy,” and I find myself trying to explain the illness that took her away from us. They have asked if the same could happen to me. I have always told them not to worry, but the truth is I carry a “faulty” gene, BRCA1, which sharply increases my risk of developing breast cancer and ovarian cancer.
My doctors estimated that I had an 87 percent risk of breast cancer and a 50 percent risk of ovarian cancer, although the risk is different in the case of each woman.
Only a fraction of breast cancers result from an inherited gene mutation. Those with a defect in BRCA1 have a 65 percent risk of getting it, on average.
Once I knew that this was my reality, I decided to be proactive and to minimize the risk as much I could. I made a decision to have a preventive double mastectomy. I started with the breasts, as my risk of breast cancer is higher than my risk of ovarian cancer, and the surgery is more complex.
On April 27, I finished the three months of medical procedures that the mastectomies involved. During that time I have been able to keep this private and to carry on with my work.
But I am writing about it now because I hope that other women can benefit from my experience. Cancer is still a word that strikes fear into people’s hearts, producing a deep sense of powerlessness. But today it is possible to find out through a blood test whether you are highly susceptible to breast and ovarian cancer, and then take action.
My own process began on Feb. 2 with a procedure known as a “nipple delay,” which rules out disease in the breast ducts behind the nipple and draws extra blood flow to the area. This causes some pain and a lot of bruising, but it increases the chance of saving the nipple.
Two weeks later I had the major surgery, where the breast tissue is removed and temporary fillers are put in place. The operation can take eight hours. You wake up with drain tubes and expanders in your breasts. It does feel like a scene out of a science-fiction film. But days after surgery you can be back to a normal life.
Nine weeks later, the final surgery is completed with the reconstruction of the breasts with an implant. There have been many advances in this procedure in the last few years, and the results can be beautiful.
I wanted to write this to tell other women that the decision to have a mastectomy was not easy. But it is one I am very happy that I made. My chances of developing breast cancer have dropped from 87 percent to under 5 percent. I can tell my children that they don’t need to fear they will lose me to breast cancer.
It is reassuring that they see nothing that makes them uncomfortable. They can see my small scars and that’s it. Everything else is just Mommy, the same as she always was. And they know that I love them and will do anything to be with them as long as I can. On a personal note, I do not feel any less of a woman. I feel empowered that I made a strong choice that in no way diminishes my femininity.
I am fortunate to have a partner, Brad Pitt, who is so loving and supportive. So to anyone who has a wife or girlfriend going through this, know that you are a very important part of the transition. Brad was at the Pink Lotus Breast Center, where I was treated, for every minute of the surgeries. We managed to find moments to laugh together. We knew this was the right thing to do for our family and that it would bring us closer. And it has.
For any woman reading this, I hope it helps you to know you have options. I want to encourage every woman, especially if you have a family history of breast or ovarian cancer, to seek out the information and medical experts who can help you through this aspect of your life, and to make your own informed choices.
I acknowledge that there are many wonderful holistic doctors working on alternatives to surgery. My own regimen will be posted in due course on the Web site of the Pink Lotus Breast Center. I hope that this will be helpful to other women.
Breast cancer alone kills some 458,000 people each year, according to the World Health Organization, mainly in low- and middle-income countries. It has got to be a priority to ensure that more women can access gene testing and lifesaving preventive treatment, whatever their means and background, wherever they live. The cost of testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2, at more than $3,000 in the United States, remains an obstacle for many women.
I choose not to keep my story private because there are many women who do not know that they might be living under the shadow of cancer. It is my hope that they, too, will be able to get gene tested, and that if they have a high risk they, too, will know that they have strong options.
Life comes with many challenges. The ones that should not scare us are the ones we can take on and take control of.
Angelina Jolie is an actress and director.
medical implant 在 LovelyMimi Youtube 的精選貼文
Hey YouTube Family,
Today's video is my Jolie Plastic Surgery Experience Vlog!!!1
Comment below and let me know what you guys think!
Here are some Mukbang videos below just watch, like and share.......... please ? Thank You ?!!
Steak and mash potatoes Mukbang
https://youtu.be/ArAqDpwyMpo
King Crab Legs Mukbang with Darren Fleet
https://youtu.be/Ri89vQhZWFA
Northern Vietnam pho style Mukbang
https://youtu.be/pX69OFfHVRs
GIANT CLAM mukbang
https://youtu.be/KuMEAVFuExA
DIM SUM MUKBANG
https://youtu.be/BbifJuT8S8c
Check out some more Nail Tutorial videos by me ⬇⬇⬇⬇⬇
Gucci Pink and White Acrylic Nails Tutorial
https://youtu.be/0O-AQUKWSeY
Nail Tutorial :: How to do purple and nude ombré with white 3D white flowers encapsulated
https://youtu.be/bWas6jkXuvQ
Opposite Tri-color Ombre Nail Tutorial by ME (Lovely Mimi)
https://youtu.be/gCNTByF2oYM
Pink and Turquoise color ARCYLIC cut NAIL tutorial
https://youtu.be/piDCTwyX30E
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medical implant 在 煮家男人 Bob's Your Uncle Youtube 的精選貼文
天氣熱就不如整啲爽嘢啦。今日同大家介紹一個南太平洋國家斐濟嘅小菜,同埋講吓隆胸。
如果你鍾意呢個做法記得"like"同訂閱我個頻道啦。多謝。
A refreshing summer dish from the South Pacific islands of Fiji. Breast implants will be the topic of the day.
If you like this vid, click "like" and subscribe to my channel. Cheers.
白魚柳400克 - white fish fillet 400g
青檸4個 - 4 limes
番茄1個 - 1 tomato
紅椒半個 - half a red bell pepper
紅洋蔥半個 - half a red onion
蔥3條 - 3 stalks of spring onion
芫荽少許 - handful of chopped coriander
椰漿200毫升 - 200ml of coconut cream
椰絲2湯匙 - 2tbsp of coconut shreds
鹽,胡椒粉 - salt and black pepper to taste
Column: http://columns.classes.com.hk/bob
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/bobsuruncle
Pinterest: http://www.pinterest.com/homecookhk/
Instagram: http://instagram.com/bobsyouruncle1981
medical implant 在 bongqiuqiu Youtube 的精選貼文
For more before and after pictures, visit my blog post for the recovery
http://bongqiuqiu.blogspot.sg/2014/08/3-months-post-op-before-after.html#.U_ca7vbzQfk
Instagram / Twitter / Facebook : bongqiuqiu
BIG "THANK YOU" TO REGEN MEDICAL GROUP KOREA!
Thank you Doctor Oh!
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medical implant 在 Medical Implant - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics 的相關結果
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medical implant 在 Implant (medicine) - Wikipedia 的相關結果
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