20年前的今天,911事件發生時,你正在做什麼?
對於我們許多人來說,當天的震驚,是一個不容抹滅的記憶。在那之後世界一連串的發展,讓許多的事物被賦予特定的色彩。包括國土安全和恐怖主義等等新的詞彙進入主流。中文翻譯成「聖戰」的伊斯蘭吉哈德 (jihad),成了這一串論述背後的壞人。但任何有回教徒朋友的人應該都知道,穆斯林大部分是非常溫和以及愛好和平的。為什麼有這樣大的反差?而在6到10世紀輝煌的伊斯蘭文化,以及後來發揚光大,橫跨近800年的鄂徒曼帝國,在第一次世界大戰之後又是如何發展?這一些問題都是我在選擇這本書的時候想要得到的答案。
「興亡世界史」這個系列的書籍,之前就看了幾本很棒的,讓我在華人視角的世界史,與西方視角的世界始終史之外,看見一個不一樣的可能。之前一位書友的描述很貼切,說日本人看歷史,很像監視器一樣反應一切,平鋪直敘不帶立場的陳述事情。
從穆罕默德開始創立說起,他說講述的思想與當時阿拉伯社會截然不同。包括獨一真神的信仰,社會的平等,還有賙濟窮人的理念,在當時部落主義盛行,多神信仰,以及富人只管自己的文化當中,幾乎是挑戰權威的一股力量。從那裡開始論述的「吉哈德」,講到的就是內心善與惡的爭戰,還有受到逼迫時自身保護的行為,並沒有什麼侵略或是攻擊他人的含意在內。
這一連串因著堅定意志,和天時地利,與巧合之下,伊斯蘭的世界逐漸擴張在整個阿拉伯地區。到第6世紀開始,更是誕生了輝煌的文化,特別是他們著重翻譯和貿易,更是讓文化交流鼎盛。像是「一千零一夜」故事描述的繁華,還有現在數學基礎的阿拉伯數字和代數 (algebra),以及現代 AI 人工智慧必須由的「演算法」(algorithm) 都是從阿拉伯數學家 al- Khwārizmī 名字衍生的。在當時伊斯蘭文化強調的是對各種宗教信仰的兼容並蓄,社會的平等 (特別是對於窮人,另外伊斯蘭初期,婦女的地位也不低),和整體社會的和平發展。後來因著政治和接班人不明確的因素,什葉派和遜尼派的敵對,讓很多初期的善意開始變質。歷經鄂圖曼帝國百年的傳承後,包括阿富汗,土耳其,和伊朗,都有類似宗教改革的推動。但當時已經是面對20世紀的強大西方世界,因著石油的利益,讓這些改革受到嚴重的干擾。而1948年以色列建國產生的巴勒斯坦問題,更是挑起伊斯蘭世界最敏感的一根神經。
現在我們熟知的一些人物包括賓拉登,以及塔利班,和蓋達等組織,某一段時間之內其實是西方世界所連結的勢力。所以書本最後的一部分是在檢討這些恐怖的攻擊,真的是伊斯蘭世界挑起的戰爭,還是西方世界所埋下的種子?在這裡我就不要破梗了。
雖然這本書許多可蘭經內容,眾多烏瑪和哈里發的翻譯名字,不是那麼容易閱讀。但不要太在乎這些細節,還是可以掌握到一定的輪廓。冤冤相報的循環,到底要怎樣才能結束?我想引用我最欣賞的作 者,同時也是猶太拉比的Jonathan Sacks,在紐約 911 事件10周年紀念所發表的談話來總結:
“Whenever Me takes precedence over We, and pleasure today over viability tomorrow, a society is in trouble. If so, then the enemy is not radical Islam, it is us and our by now unsustainable self-indulgence. The West has expended much energy and courage fighting wars in Afghanistan and Iraq abroad and defeating terror at home. It has spent far less, if any, in renewing its own morality and the institutions — families, communities, ethical codes, standards in public life — where it is created and sustained. But if I am right, this is the West’s greatest weakness in the eyes of its enemies as well as its friends. The only way to save the world is to begin with ourselves. Our burden after 9/11 is to renew the moral disciplines of freedom. Some say it can’t be done. They are wrong: it can and must. Surely we owe the dead no less."
“當我們看重[我]超過[我們],看重今日的歡樂超過明日的繁榮,那麼社會就會陷入麻煩。這樣說來,我們的敵人並不是激烈的伊斯蘭主義,而是我們自己,和我們寅吃卯糧的個人主義。西方的世界用盡許多精力和勇力在阿富汗和伊拉克爭戰並且在國內防恐,卻幾乎沒有花時間精力在更新自身的道德,和創造並保持這些道德標準之處,包括:家庭,社群,道德共識,和在公開場合的行為標準。如果我想得沒有錯,那麼這就是西方世界敵人和盟友眼中,我們最大的弱點。拯救世界的方式,從檢視自己開始。911事件之後,我們共同的負擔就是要重新定義自由世界中的道德標準。很多人說這是不可能的,但我認為他們錯了,這是可能而且必須的。我們向所有逝去的犧牲者,有這樣的責任”
📚延伸閱讀📚
📗“Destiny Disrupted” 中文版 「中斷的天命」
這是我15年前讀的書,是一位伊朗學者從伊斯蘭世界的角度講述世界史,讓我眼界大開,也開始愛上從不同視角來了解世界史。
📙“Not in God’s s Name” 中文版「毋以神為名」
我2018的top 10 之一,也是我知道惟一一本Jonathan Sacks的中文書。原來宗教戰爭,常常是一種有忌妒衍生出來的兄弟鬩牆? “當宗教將人變為兇手,上帝痛心垂淚”
全文與延伸閱讀的連結在部落格中 👇👇👇
https://dushuyizhi.net/%e4%bc%8a%e6%96%af%e8%98%ad%e5%b8%9d%e5%9c%8b%e7%9a%84%e5%90%89%e5%93%88%e5%be%b7/
#伊斯蘭帝國的吉哈德 #興亡的世界史
同時也有5部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過44萬的網紅Kazuya Sakoda,也在其Youtube影片中提到,[NEW] Relieve neck stiffness in 3 seconds! https://youtu.be/Ct27-Wk3_0k "Eliminate back pain and stiff shoulders from the world" Online manipulative...
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- 關於self sustained 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最佳貼文
- 關於self sustained 在 Kazuya Sakoda Youtube 的最讚貼文
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self sustained 在 Milton Goh Blog and Sermon Notes Facebook 的最佳解答
The Wisdom of Gamaliel
“But one stood up in the council, a Pharisee named Gamaliel, a teacher of the law, honored by all the people, and commanded to put the apostles out for a little while. He said to them, “You men of Israel, be careful concerning these men, what you are about to do. For before these days Theudas rose up, making himself out to be somebody; to whom a number of men, about four hundred, joined themselves: who was slain; and all, as many as obeyed him, were dispersed, and came to nothing. After this man, Judas of Galilee rose up in the days of the enrollment, and drew away some people after him. He also perished, and all, as many as obeyed him, were scattered abroad. Now I tell you, withdraw from these men, and leave them alone. For if this counsel or this work is of men, it will be overthrown. But if it is of God, you will not be able to overthrow it, and you would be found even to be fighting against God!”” (Acts 5:34-39 WEB)
At the first sight of misunderstanding or slander, most people are quick to defend themselves there and then. The silent “Time will tell” response is very rare.
What do you do when someone attacks you? Do you react by lashing out, or do you calm yourself and trust that the Lord will work it all out for your good?
I love Gamaliel’s words in the passage above. The fleshly works of men will never last. They are sustained by the flesh, and once that effort ceases, there is no power to maintain it.
That is why it is torturous to live a life steeped in lies. You have to keep the false image by feeding it with more lies. You can never rest at ease, always afraid that the truth will be exposed.
Another thing is that some Christians are so distracted by what they deem to be wrong preaching and wrong behavior, that they are always scolding, criticizing and complaining, without feeding on what they need the most: the Gospel of Jesus Christ.
Instead of self-righteously thinking that you have to do something about it through fleshly means, just pray and trust that God will not support what is untrue. The lies will eventually just fall to the ground without His favor—the weapons are formed, but they will not prosper.
In contrast, works of God—actions motivated by the Holy Spirit, will stand the test of time. Whatever is one-hundred percent born of God will last forever.
“I know that whatever God does, it shall be forever. Nothing can be added to it, nor anything taken from it; and God has done it, that men should fear before him.” (Ecclesiastes 3:14 WEB)
You see, when God tells you to do something, just do it exactly the way He told you. You cannot add or remove from His words—those parts that came from your fleshly thoughts do not have the power to last forever.
There is no stress involved when you carry out God’s words exactly how He tells you. When it is done, God is the one who has to keep His word.
“Yahweh’s blessing brings wealth, and he adds no trouble to it.” (Proverbs 10:22 WEB)
When God upholds your life by His blessing, you can prosper in all things restfully, without compromising other areas of your life. Jesus did all the hard work at the cross so that today, you can enjoy the fruits of His finished work!
The first and most important book I have ever written is called “Sandcastles Don’t Last Forever”, which is so crucial for our times, when we are standing at the precipice of the Rapture. Learn about God’s eternal rewards that will stand the test of time. This is a rewarding read that will change your life and renew your perspective on many things: http://bit.ly/sandcastlesdontlastforever
self sustained 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最佳貼文
[教育時評] 學習的動力 Motivation to Learn
新年一開始就有同學問我,沒有學習英語的動力該怎麼辦?
雖然每一個人學習動機和背景都不太一致,但我還是希望能盡力幫同學解答!
通常會自動想學習改變現狀是因為在生活中面臨壓力(stress) , 例如有些人努力學習和工作為了脫離貧窮, 有些人則因經歷不公平待遇而想改變制度。但並非有改變的壓力就能成功,更需要的是正面的處理壓力 (the management and response to stress) 並將之轉化為完成目標的動力。
建議同學在建立學習英文的動力時,必須先思考自己到底透過學習英文最終要改變什麼現狀。無論你是想出國念書或者在英文課拿到最高的成績,那都是一股或內在或外在的「壓力」導致的改變,那麼這樣的渴望才會伴隨著動力。壓力不一定是負面的 (stress itself is not universally aversive) 也可以轉變為動力之源。
接下來則是為想達成的改變分別建立長期和短期的目標與測量自己達標進度的指標。而英文則作為一種賦予自己權利完成人生目標的工具 (a tool for self-empowerment and change)。
透過學習英文或其他學科達成所設指標並逐漸完成目標, 獲得階段向的成就感,這樣改變的動力才會持續不斷 (continuous motivation),並在長遠的未來帶來獲益並衍生無限的可能性。
舉例說明,若想要去國外長期發展,達成改變的首要長期目標 (long-term goal)可能會是「去美國讀書」,而短期目標 (short-term objective/proximal goal) 則為「語言能力的增強」。 而測量是否能達到長短期目標的精確指標 (benchmarks) 則為「三個月內托福成績拉到70/80/90分以上」。
如此逐步達成指標並完成目標而獲得的成就感因為可以被具象化,因此才會提供更多信心更恆久的動力去執行所追求的改變。倘若沒有先建立目標,只是單憑一股三分鐘熱度的衝勁盲目地想要改變, 通常不過是浪費寶貴的時間、金錢和資源,且一旦受挫多半便會毫無頭緒不知從何解套,最後輕易便放棄改變,妥協於不甚滿意的現狀。
簡而言之,若想擁有在學習任何事物上都能持續不間斷的動力 (sustained motivation),首先必須要有渴望改變現狀契機 (the desire to change) 並設立長期目標和現階段的短期目標,而指標則為觀察自己是否能有效地完成目標的進度測量 (measurement of progress)。訂定目標的時候必須要務實 (realistic and practical)不要好高騖遠,確保自己在設定的時間內一定可以完成,這樣階段性的成就感才會保證你獲得持續不斷的動力, 從而在一步一步完成短期目標的累積中達成自己長期的目標。雖然達成改變的因素遠遠不止動力 (far exceeds just motivation),但同學至少能踏出第一步,確保自己會採取動作,開始改變。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
身為一個英文老師,說實話,我對英文本身沒有狂熱的喜愛,但我非常清楚英文的學習與運用可以幫助我完成短期與長期目標,乃至於人生目的。我是藉由掌握英文這項工具,才可以在研究所中繼續進修,並達成在國外大學教書,建立自己的教學平台,為教育事業盡力。我所擁有的持續不斷的學習動力來自於掌握英文所帶給我的益處和機會,而並非英文本身。
所以當同學問我要怎麼建立學習英文的動力,我認為首先要先回歸到自身的需求並按其制定目標,檢視透過學習英文這項工具是否或如何幫你完成一些目標甚至是重大改變。例如你是否可以使用英文來通過那些標準化的檢定並克服社會所設立的障礙,是否用英文獲取更多的知識為自己的人生所用?是否可以使用英語與世界各地的人們合作創新乃至影響社會?透過這樣的檢視,了解需求與目標,並就此訂立務實的指標, 並自我監督達成短期和長期目標的進度, 在獲取動力中持續學習進步。
英文的重要性因人而異,但不可否認它的確是一種達成目標的有效工具。是否可以透過它去創造人生的改變, 便看你界定其重要性並制定目標了。
我相信同學下一個問題必然是如何訂下自己的目標。若有興趣請按個讚和留言「I want to learn how to set goals and achieve them.」,我會把相關的文章寄給你, 超過一定的留言量我就直接公佈下一篇文章。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
How to Set & Achieve Goals 如何制定短期目標: http://bit.ly/2Rdi0aU
10 Must-Knows for a Growth Mindset 成長心態十大必知: https://bit.ly/2WBiUCi
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Further readings:
Bernaus, M., & Gardner, R. C. (2008). Teacher motivation strategies, student perceptions, student motivation, and English achievement. The Modern Language Journal, 92(3), 387-401.
Lamb, M. (2004). Integrative motivation in a globalizing world. System, 32(1), 3-19.
Ryan, S. (2009). Self and identity in L2 motivation in Japan: The ideal L2 self and Japanese learners of English. Motivation, language identity and the L2 self, 120-143.
Taguchi, T., Magid, M., & Papi, M. (2009). The L2 motivational self system among Japanese, Chinese and Iranian learners of English: A comparative study. Motivation, language identity and the L2 self, 36, 66-97.
Image source: https://patimes.org
★★★★★★★★★★★★
教育時評: http://bit.ly/39ABON9
self sustained 在 Kazuya Sakoda Youtube 的最讚貼文
[NEW] Relieve neck stiffness in 3 seconds!
https://youtu.be/Ct27-Wk3_0k
"Eliminate back pain and stiff shoulders from the world" Online manipulative salon
https://www.seitaiin-kazu-salon.fants.jp
On the Kazuya Sakoda YouTube channel,
Starting today, I am posting mainly information on how to eliminate back pain and stiff shoulders, how to improve posture, and how to eat, which are useful for your health.
▷ Today's theme
[NEW] Relieve back pain in 3 seconds!
▷Table of Contents
0:00 OP
0:26 Gymnastics commentary
1:35 Why did you get rid of your back pain?
2:54 Stretch commentary for sustained effect (right side)
5:07 Stretch commentary for sustained effect (left side)
6:45 Confirm the effect
7:14 Summary
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▷Recommended related videos
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https://youtu.be/f9-lBUDzyNA
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[Danger] Back pain stretch that should never be done!
https://youtu.be/kxlxi-sHcQI
If you have a backache, do this. The easiest way to recover your back in the world
https://youtu.be/DB-ZgWjOERM
[How to cure sciatica] How to eliminate sciatica in 3 seconds
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4UYaumLy90
How to Fix “Low Back” Pain (INSTANTLY!)
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11 Best Lower Back Stretches For Pain & Stiffness
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CdCClhtKH2Q
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▷Profile
Seitaiin Kazu -KAZU- Director
Judo rehabilitation teacher, fascial yoga instructor, professional fasting meister
What is the healer Kazuya Sakoda?
https://youtu.be/oJGPuMqlb_Q
Fujisawa Tsujido's only "chronic low back pain" specialized manipulative clinic
"Ad hoc" back pain treatment quit with Sassa,
Don't you think "I really want to cure"?
Over the past 15 years, he has experienced treatment for back pain for more than 50,000 people.
Performing treatment for the "cause" of pain, not relieving the pain on the spot
Propose "fundamental improvement".
The cause of pain is not in the painful place! Under the motto, we are carrying out a back pain eradication luck operation battle all over Japan.
Relieving pain with treatment is a passing point.
The true treatment is to build a body that does not return pain.
Tips for improving back pain as a back pain buster,
We will actively inform you about self-care by fascial yoga and stretching to prevent recurrence.
http://seitaiin-kazu.com
General Incorporated Association Molecular Consistency Medicine Beauty and Food Education Association Shonan Central Branch Manager
Professional Fasting Meister
Ultimate health method "fasting"
We will guide you through mineral fasting (enzyme fasting) that you can practice more safely and with peace of mind based on molecular matching medicine.
I spend my time without any regular meals, but during that time I replenish the minimum amount of calories, minerals and vitamins needed from the fasting drink, so it is a feature that I can do it safely and reasonably.
If sleep is a rest for the "brain", fasting is a rest for the "internal organs" and a "cleaning of the body". Why don't you take this opportunity to take this opportunity to clean up the internal organs that have never been rested since you were born?
By being cleaned cleanly, you will be awakened from the inside.
From the charm of Fasting as an Expert Fasting Meister, we will give you tips for daily diet, improvement of constitution, and detoxification.
http://kazu-fasting.com
#Low back pain #Erase in 3 seconds #Gymnastics # #Manipulative clinic
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self sustained 在 Joanna Soh Official Youtube 的最讚貼文
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https://www.hernetwork.tv
https://www.facebook.com/hernetwork.tv
https://www.instagram.com/hernetwork.tv
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Benefits of Chia Seeds
1) Chia seeds are naturally low in carbs and high in fibre! 2 tbsps. provide you with the 11g of fibre, which is almost half of the daily recommendation.
2) Because of all the fibre, chia seeds can absorb up to 10 times their weight in water, becoming pudding-like and expand in the stomach when eaten, which keeps you feeling fuller for longer.
3) Hence, it’s often recommended to those who want to lose weight, curb hunger and reduce food portion.
4) The high fibre content will also provide you with sustained energy throughout the day.
5) Consuming chia seeds prior to workout can also boost workout performance for up to 90 minutes. Instead of consuming those sugar-laden energy drinks, eat chia seeds instead.
6) Chia seeds are also ranked amongst the top plant based source of protein, omega-3 fatty acid and calcium.
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Simple mix in about 1 tbsp. of chia seeds to 2 cups of liquid of your choice. Let it sit for about 15 minutes or overnight for the chia seeds to expand. If you want to, you can either sweeten with a little bit of honey or maple syrup, add lemon slices or ice cubes and enjoy them chilled!
Chia Coconut Water
1. 2 cups Coconut Water
2. 1 tbsp. Chia Seeds
Chia Green Tea
1. 2 cups Chilled Green Tea
2. 1 tbsp. Chia Seeds
Chia Fruit Juice
1. 2 cup 100% Fruit Juice
2. 1 tbsp. Chia Seeds
Chia Coffee
1. 2 cups Chilled Coffee
2. 1 tbsp. Chia Seeds
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MORE VIDEOS TO GUIDE YOU THROUGH YOUR JOURNEY
10 Food Hacks to Eat Less! (+Lose Weight)
https://youtu.be/_gENF8iiIOg
-
How to Stop Overeating: 7 Types of Hunger
https://youtu.be/RLnKz7WbFdU
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5 Must Eat Food for a Flat Tummy
https://youtu.be/SQoFM6EoQQ8
-
Changes to Your Body from Age 20 - 70
https://youtu.be/ge9TYh2ZUGg
-
My Weekly Food Shopping (Healthy Grocery Guide)
https://youtu.be/6F2qWnBFHRw
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7 Must Have in Your Grocery List
https://youtu.be/Va9qn4kx1ow
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How to STOP Binge Eating for Life
https://youtu.be/g5OxbOUqb4I
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Healthy Ways to Deal with Period Cravings
https://youtu.be/nB7cCrik6hM
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How to Eat Cheat Meals & Still Lose Weight
https://youtu.be/ZpLL8CIPI7k
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How to Lose Weight & Stay Slim WITHOUT Dieting
https://youtu.be/8glBsla0R2A
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Best Guide to Start a Successful Meal Plan & Lose Weight
https://youtu.be/o3X42uXHJ2g
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How to Eat & Exercise Correctly According to Your Body Type
https://youtu.be/IOHVzKOoCW0
-
Here's the complete playlist to more than 50 videos:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyP8pbBMxcsjSQjf_2V8ZJku_njMfh_Zm
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self sustained 在 Indrani Kopal Youtube 的精選貼文
Fatal police shooting; dead teen's mother wants justice! -
SPECIAL REPORT : POLICE SHOOTING -
Produced by Shufiyan Shukur and Indrani Kopal -
The mother of the 15-year-old who was fatally shot by police breaks down at the thought of her son's last moments.
There is nothing that she wants more than to see the person who killed her child be hauled up to court to face justice.
Their son, Mohd Shamil Hafiz Shapiei, was shot dead about 4am on Nov 13 on a street in Glenmarie in Shah Alam, Selangor. He was about a week away from turning 16.
The police have claimed they fired in self-defence, as Mohd Shamil and two others - Mohd Hanafi Omar, 22 and Hairul Nizam Tuah, 20, said to be from Cheras - had allegedly charged at police with machetes after attempting to rob a petrol station.
All three sustained similar gunshots to the chest and head, with Hairul Nizam also shot at the side of his head while Mohd Hanafi was shot at the top of his head.
All the bullets passed through the bodies, with exit wounds on Hairul Nizam's body at a lower part of his head and torso compared to the entry wound.
Headlines immediately after the incident screamed 'Teen Terrorist', with reports quoting the police as saying that Mohd Shamil was a seasoned criminal and a ringleader of Geng Minyak- a gang that had been targeting petrol stations across the Klang Valley.
If the manner in which the youths were shot dead was not enough to raise their suspicion, it was the police statements which have steeled the families' resolve to get more answers.
FULL STORY in Malaysiakini.com
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self sustained 在 Self-Sustained Smart Structure - Yanko Design - Pinterest 的推薦與評價
Oct 6, 2013 - Villa Sera is a self-sustained structure that harnesses power from solar panels, collects rainwater and uses gray water for plants, creating a ... ... <看更多>
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