【亞太專區/專欄】東南亞的風電新星:越南!!(06/11/2021 WindTaiwan離岸風電)
編譯/Yun-ling Ko
位於中南半島東邊的越南,國土狹長,東側瀕臨北部灣和南海,境內有超過3,000公里的綿長海岸線,再加上東南地區沿海風速高,具有發展風力發電的環境優勢。國際能源署(IEA)在2017年東南亞能源展望(Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2017)報告便指出,東南亞以菲律賓、泰國、越南具發展風電潛力,尤其越南特別在發展離岸風電上具有優勢。
長期開發潛力上看160~475GW
越南工商部與丹麥能源署自2013年開始合作「能源夥伴計畫(Energy Partnership Programme, EPP)」,據丹麥能源署的評估,越南可開發技術潛力至少有160GW。世界銀行旗下能源部門管理援助計畫(Energy Sector Management Assistance Program, ESMAP)在2019年出版的「Going Global-Expanding offshore wind to emerging markets」報告,評估越南長期而言,在固定式與浮動式風電都極具潛力,可發展裝置容量上看475GW;以地區別來說,越南的東南部風能資源潛力最佳。
固定式潛力:261GW
固定式風電方面,東南部沿海的平順省(Binh Thuan)和寧順省(Ninh Thuan),平均風速在10m/s,水深低於50米,至外海125公里處都還有7m/s風速,開發潛力容量上看165GW。
位於北部的北部灣(Gulf of Tonkin)地區,則有88GW開發潛力。尤其北部灣的發電可供首都河內都會區使用,目前在電網基礎建設的建置也較為良好。雖然目前越南商業重心位於南部的胡志明市,但根據工商部在今年2月提出第八版「國家電力發展計畫(Power Development Plan 8, PDP8)」草案,草案中評估隨著經濟活動發展,到了2031至2045年期間北部需電量將會超越南部。
浮動式潛力:214GW
以浮動式風電來說,南部至中部會安地區外海有175GW開發潛力,北部灣南部則有39GW。
世界銀行將越南評為「東南亞風電市場的新星」,並認為隨著風電開發技術進步、均化成本下降,若有良好的投資環境,2030年越南至少能有10GW的離岸風電裝置量。尤其台灣作為東亞區域的發展先驅,越南及菲律賓等國可得利於區域發展綜效。
建置現況:陸域372MW,近岸99MW,未達2020年800MW目標
越南第一座陸域風電場位於平順省綏豐縣(Tuy Phong),2010年完工,裝置容量30MW。此後越南也陸續興建多座風場,至2020年,越南陸域風電裝置容量為372MW。
除了陸域風場之外,越南亦有興建位於潮間帶的近岸海上風場。目前第一座近岸風場位於薄遼省(Bac Lieu),距岸0.5公里,裝置容量99.2MW。第一期工程16MW在2013年併聯,第二期工程83.2MW於2015年完工,風場使用美國GE 1.6MW的風力機。目前第三期工程預計裝置容量142MW,採用2MW的風機,已於2018年開始動工。
越南政府近期的風電裝置目標是2020年達到800MW,但2020年僅達成472MW,尚有一段差距。因此近年來政府加速行政作業,目前有多座近岸、遠岸風場正在進行開發規劃。截至2020年6月,越南已通過近7GW風場,總共91座陸域與離岸風場的興建許可,期能加速風力發電的布建,趕上下一階段目標。
完整內容請見:
http://www.windtaiwan.com/article/articledetail/1949
參考資料來源
1. https://www.iea.org/reports/southeast-asia-energy-outlook-2017" target="_blank">https://www.iea.org/reports/southeast-asia-energy-outlook-2017">https://www.iea.org/reports/southeast-asia-energy-outlook-2017
2. https://www.oedigital.com/news/478623-denmark-vietnam-talk-offshore-wind-expansion" target="_blank">https://www.oedigital.com/news/478623-denmark-vietnam-talk-offshore-wind-expansion">https://www.oedigital.com/news/478623-denmark-vietnam-talk-offshore-wind-expansion
3. https://www.esmap.org/going_global_offshore_wind" target="_blank">https://www.esmap.org/going_global_offshore_wind">https://www.esmap.org/going_global_offshore_wind
4. https://www.martindale.com/legal-news/article_duane-morris-llp_2540414.htm" target="_blank">https://www.martindale.com/legal-news/article_duane-morris-llp_2540414.htm">https://www.martindale.com/legal-news/article_duane-morris-llp_2540414.htm
5. https://ieefa.org/world-bank-study-sees-potential-for-10gw-of-offshore-wind-in-vietnam-by-2030/" target="_blank">https://ieefa.org/world-bank-study-sees-potential-for-10gw-of-offshore-wind-in-vietnam-by-2030/">https://ieefa.org/world-bank-study-sees-potential-for-10gw-of-offshore-wind-in-vietnam-by-2030/
6. https://www.eceee.org/all-news/news/news-2020/vietnam-approves-7-gw-of-new-wind-projects/
♡
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過4萬的網紅ZeemUzma,也在其Youtube影片中提到,Here is the beginning of my trip of a life time! Well, first I need to get to Berlin, but it is further than I thought lol I didn't really get to sl...
「study in denmark」的推薦目錄:
- 關於study in denmark 在 媽媽監督核電廠聯盟 Facebook 的最讚貼文
- 關於study in denmark 在 Cheekiemonkies Facebook 的最佳貼文
- 關於study in denmark 在 多益達人 林立英文 Facebook 的最讚貼文
- 關於study in denmark 在 ZeemUzma Youtube 的最讚貼文
- 關於study in denmark 在 Study in Denmark | Facebook 的評價
- 關於study in denmark 在 Study in Denmark - What's it like? (Part 2 - quality of teaching) 的評價
- 關於study in denmark 在 Study in Denmark - YouTube 的評價
study in denmark 在 Cheekiemonkies Facebook 的最佳貼文
I think the bunk bed and study table from Kuhl Home - Made in Europe made studying for exams a little bit more bearable for Ale. 😂
Me? I just love the bed is a lifelong investment as it can be converted into a single bed, taking a child through the ages. Oh, and my readers get an exclusive 25% off all kids furniture too!
study in denmark 在 多益達人 林立英文 Facebook 的最讚貼文
【時事英文】
One in eight people set to have type 2 diabetes by 2045, says study
2045年時,全球1/4的人罹患肥胖症,1/8的人會得第2型糖尿病
One in eight people in the world will have type 2 diabetes by 2045 if obesity continues to climb at the present rate, according to a new study.
根據一項新研究,如果肥胖症按照目前的速度發展下去,那麼到2045年前,全球將有1/8的人得到第2型糖尿病。
Last year, 14% of the global population was obese and 9% had type 2 diabetes. By 2045, 22% will be obese and 14% will be suffering from type 2 diabetes, estimates presented at the European Congress on Obesity in Vienna suggest.
2017年,全球肥胖症發病率為14%,而第2型糖尿病發病率為9%。維也納歐洲肥胖大會上公佈的預測認為,到2045年,全球將有22%的人患肥胖症,14%的人患2型糖尿病。
The implications of the expanding numbers are severe for health systems in every country. Diabetes UK estimates that the NHS spends £14 billion a year on the disease already, which is about 10% of its budget. People with diabetes need monitoring, treatment and care for the serious potential complications which can include amputations and blindness.
這一項不斷攀升的數據讓各國衛生系統面臨嚴峻考驗。據英國糖尿病協會估計,英國國民醫療服務體系每年在糖尿病方面的支出為140億英鎊(約合新台幣5,600億元),占其預算的10%。糖尿病可引發截肢、失明等嚴重的併發症,因此患者需要接受監測、治療和護理。
The study was carried out by scientists funded by the pharmaceutical company Novo Nordisk, which makes diabetes treatments, together with the Steno Diabetes Centre in Gentofte, Denmark, and University College London. They say that to prevent type 2 diabetes rates rising above 10%, obesity levels must come down by a quarter.
這項研究由製藥公司Novo Nordisk贊助,該公司與位於丹麥Gentofte的Steno糖尿病中心和倫敦大學學院合作,提供糖尿病的治療方案。他們認為,為了防止第2型糖尿病的發病率上升到10%以上,肥胖症患者必須減少1/4。
“The global prevalence of obesity and diabetes is projected to increase dramatically unless prevention of obesity is significantly intensified. Developing effective global programs to reduce obesity offer the best opportunity to slow or stabilize the unsustainable prevalence of diabetes. The first step must be the recognition of the challenge that obesity presents and the mobilization of social service and disease prevention resources to slow the progression of these two conditions,” said Dr. Alan Moses of Novo Nordisk Research and Development in Søborg, Denmark.
服務於丹麥Søborg的Novo Nordisk研發中心的Alan Moses博士稱:「若不大力加強對肥胖症的預防,預計肥胖症和糖尿病的全球發病率將大幅增加。制定有效的全球“減肥”計畫,是減緩或穩定糖尿病不可持續流行的最佳機會。首先,必須認識到肥胖症帶來的挑戰,調動社會服務和疾病預防資源,以減緩肥胖症和糖尿病的發展。」
The researchers have calculated the likely rise in obesity for individual countries. If current trends in the US continue, obesity will increase from 39% in 2017 to 55% in 2045, and diabetes rates from 14% to 18%. To keep diabetes rates in the US stable between 2017 and 2045, obesity must fall from 38% today to 28%.
研究人員計算了各國肥胖症的上升趨勢。如果目前的趨勢繼續下去,到2045年,美國的肥胖症患病率將從2017年的39%上升到55%,糖尿病的患病率將從14%上升到18%。為了使美國的糖尿病發病率在2017-2045年間保持不變,肥胖症患病率必須從目前的38%下降到28%。
In the UK, they say, current trends predict that obesity will rise from 32% today to 48% in 2045, while diabetes levels will rise from 10.2% to 12.6%. To stabilize UK diabetes rates at 10%, obesity prevalence must fall from 32% to 24%.
研究人員稱,按照目前趨勢,到2045年,英國的肥胖症發病率將從當下的32%增加到48%,而糖尿病發病率將從10.2%增加到12.6%。為了使英國的糖尿病發病率穩定在10%,肥胖症患病率必須從32%下降到24%。
“Each country is different based on unique genetic, social and environmental conditions which is why there is no ‘one size fits all’ approach that will work. Individual countries must work on the best strategy for them,” said Moses.
「每個國家基於其獨特的基因、社會和環境因素,面臨的情況有所不同,因此沒有『萬用』的方法。各國都必須找到最適合自己的策略。」
The tide could be turned, he said, “but it will take aggressive and coordinated action to reduce obesity and individual cities should play a key role in confronting the issues around obesity.”
Moses博士稱,這種趨勢可以逆轉,「但要降低肥胖症發病率,需要積極協調的行動,而每座城市都應該在對抗肥胖問題上發揮重要作用。」
#高雄人 #學習英文 請找 #多益達人林立英文
#高中英文
#成人英文
study in denmark 在 ZeemUzma Youtube 的最讚貼文
Here is the beginning of my trip of a life time!
Well, first I need to get to Berlin, but it is further than I thought lol
I didn't really get to sleep on the night bus.... I was tired the next day but not too bad
You will find out about it in my next video!
- the ferry took about 2 hours, I went back in the bus around 3.15 am and totally passed out
- There were not that many passengers, so my friend and I each grabbed two seats and lied down :)
- I did not fly because the bus is much cheaper than the flight and I generally don't mind long bus ride
Other videos for this trip!
Trailer http://youtu.be/qDC2ZjBnGPY
Bus ride Copenhagen- Berlin http://youtu.be/Mx2tniYfkBE
Day 1 "Berlin Bear" http://youtu.be/KfsIBOHl62s
Day 2 "German History" http://youtu.be/8gt6lCABMQs
Day 3 "Along the Bank of River Elbe" http://youtu.be/iR_IjAUMZIA
Day 4 "Praha" http://youtu.be/tgfpDnA6eMk
Day 5 "Beautiful Prague" http://youtu.be/xFw_GSlqYWA
Thanks for watching! More videos coming soooon!
by Zeem
Facebook : Dek Thai Klai Baan เด็กไทยไกลบ้าน
Blog : http://dekthaiklaibaan.blogspot.com/
YouTube : https://www.youtube.com/user/dekthaiklaibaan
Email: dekthaiklaibaa
Instagram: dekthaiklaibaan
Credit: Music from iMovie
Tags:
dekthaiklaibaan,เด็กไทยไกลบ้าน,เก่งภาษาอังกฤษ,ประสบการณ์นักเรียนแลกเปลี่ยน, เอเอฟเอส, AFS, How I Study, study tips, อยู่ไทยก็เก่งได้, ประสบการณ์แลกเปลี่ยน, เคล็ดลับการเรียน, เก่งอังกฤษ
study in denmark 在 Study in Denmark - What's it like? (Part 2 - quality of teaching) 的推薦與評價
... <看更多>
study in denmark 在 Study in Denmark - YouTube 的推薦與評價
www.studyindenmark.dk - the official gateway to international higher education in Denmark. Study for a PhD, Master´s, Bachelor´s or Academy Profession ... ... <看更多>
study in denmark 在 Study in Denmark | Facebook 的推薦與評價
Are you curious about living and studying in Denmark? ... Meet Alex who studies law at Copenhagen University and enjoys the close interaction with Danish students ... ... <看更多>