#名人堂-嚴震生
打字機無罪,拼錯字和打錯字差很大
(圖/蔡英文總統博士論文中有不少錯字。教育部提供)
自蔡總統的博士學位和論文爭議出現後,個人從未對其真實性提出相關質疑,僅就論文的品質作出客觀的評論,這就是個人過去三個月中三篇名人堂專欄和日前參加立法院公聽會對蔡總統論文的觀察。原先以為,在今年年底以前應當不要再對這個議題發言。然而,在蔡總統接受訪問時將論文錯字怪罪於打字機後,個人還是得再作出回應,以正視聽。
當記者問到有關錯字的問題時,蔡總統的回應如下:「這是一個卅五、卅六年前的論文,那時候的打字都是用傳統的打字機…我們也沒有那個軟體可以來檢測打字的錯誤…有打字的錯誤其實也是在所難免。」從整段談話來看,蔡總統強調的是打字機和打錯字,而且可能是別人犯的錯。
無論使用傳統或是電動打字機,當然免不了按錯鍵盤,有時是同時按到旁邊的字母,如將and打成asnd;有時是跳過一個字母,如export形成exprt;有時則是先後次序的顛倒,如violation變成voilation。蔡總統論文中確實存在這類的疏忽。這些是打字錯誤,英文稱為typos。
不過,蔡總統大多數的錯字,並不僅是打錯字,而是自己原來就拼錯字(spelling errors)或是疏忽而拼錯字(spelling mistakes)。我們先以後者為例,蔡博士顯然知道她經常將environment拼成enviroment,因此整本論文有多次將此字用筆改過,在o和m中加上一個n,然而仍然有漏網之魚,這就是因疏忽而拼錯字。蔡總統絕大部分拼錯字是屬於前者,也就是她拼錯的許多單字並非疏忽造成,不能怪罪於打字機或打字者。
在spelling errors方面,她在所難免地拼錯幾個華人經常會出錯的單字,如分開separate拼成seperate、接納accommodate 拼成accomodate、判決judgment拼成judgement,這幾個字她是不斷重複拼錯,應當和打字機無關,就是從頭到尾她都不知道自己的拼法是錯的。不過,她更多拼錯的字乃是大學生都不應犯的錯,如競爭competing拼成competiting(這是她論文一個重要的概念,但卻拼錯十多次)、機器machinery拼成machinary、貨品merchandise拼成mechandise、修正案amendment拼成amendament,及具體concrete拼成concret等。
其他一些人名及地名拼錯,我僅舉一、兩個例子,就是將馬修(聖經的馬太)Matthew拼成Metthew、印尼Indonesia 拼成Indonisia,甚至還有米其林輪胎案例中的Michelin拼成三個錯誤的字:Macheline、Michelne和Micheline。以上這些都不是僅出現一次的拼錯,因此不能算是疏忽,但不得不讓人懷疑她為何對專業的字彙如此不熟悉。
通常,如果一個研究生對相關領域的學術論文或專書讀得很夠,是不太可能犯下類似的錯誤。如果沒有把握,即使在上世紀八○年代,還是有字典可查。以上我列舉的拼字錯誤,都和打字機無關,而是作者個人的學養問題,因此請蔡總統不要轉移焦點、怪罪打字機,拼錯字與打錯字有很大的差別,請勿混淆視聽。
(作者為政治大學國際關係研究中心研究員)
同時也有5部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過6萬的網紅10分英会話 with Reiko l 10 Minutes English,也在其Youtube影片中提到,😌 Typos 😌 (6:49) *more (7:05) *describe 🕛 Time Stamps 🕛 (0:09) Split (1:01) Flirt (03:57) Laugh (5:41) Straightforward vs Reserved 💜 Hana English 💜 ...
「typos」的推薦目錄:
- 關於typos 在 民意論壇:聯合報。世界日報。udn tv Facebook 的精選貼文
- 關於typos 在 JR Lee Radio Facebook 的最讚貼文
- 關於typos 在 AppWorks Facebook 的最佳貼文
- 關於typos 在 10分英会話 with Reiko l 10 Minutes English Youtube 的最佳解答
- 關於typos 在 Shinjiさんの翻訳動画 Youtube 的最佳解答
- 關於typos 在 Spice N' Pans Youtube 的最佳貼文
- 關於typos 在 Issue #160 · italia/lg-modellointeroperabilita-docs - Fix typos 的評價
- 關於typos 在 THE FRENCH DISPATCH | "Let's Start With The Typos" Clip 的評價
typos 在 JR Lee Radio Facebook 的最讚貼文
So last night's video was a disaster.. found a bunch of typos.. and so I decided to re-upload it.
誒?怎麼又出現這則貼文,咳咳.. 是這樣的..
昨天發現結論有三個錯字.. 讓我輾轉難眠、不得入睡.. 一覺醒來,就把它重新輸出、重新上傳...(犧牲了我前一晚的流量,不~~~~回來啊~~~)
所以... 可以趕快來看一下影片嗎?
來發現一下,IQ不高的人的救命仙丹究竟是什麼,有效哦!
加入JR的PressPlay計畫:https://pressplay.cc/jrlee
Instagram : jrlee
typos 在 AppWorks Facebook 的最佳貼文
As languages are becoming extinct at an alarming rate, speakers of endangered languages are turning to technology in a race against time to pass on their unique languages and cultures to the next generation.
Thanks to the benefits of artificial intelligence for language documentation and learning, AI is becoming more important than ever in the fight to save endangered languages.
Jason Lovell was learning the Indigenous language of New Zealand, te reo Māori, but didn’t have anyone to practice with – so he co-founded a Facebook Messenger chatbot powered by IBM Watson artificial intelligence that understands and replies to users in both te reo Māori and English. Even if users make typos or spelling mistakes, “Reobot,” Lovell’s chatbot, has no problem understanding. Lovell hopes to introduce pronunciation help in the near future. By providing learners with the opportunity to converse in te reo Māori no matter where they are during the day, Reobot can help learners develop confidence and skills more quickly.
https://www.forbes.com/…/turning-to-ai-to-save-endangered…/…
If you're an AI / Blockchain startup looking to tap into SEA's explosive growth, be sure to apply to the region's largest startup accelerator and founder community here >>https://bit.ly/2DZstlU
typos 在 10分英会話 with Reiko l 10 Minutes English Youtube 的最佳解答
😌 Typos 😌
(6:49) *more
(7:05) *describe
🕛 Time Stamps 🕛
(0:09) Split
(1:01) Flirt
(03:57) Laugh
(5:41) Straightforward vs Reserved
💜 Hana English 💜
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTRkB4JSVUBVMVrMqoZKJ7g
💜 YYYOKOOO 💜
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCN7fvzY4rUnFpBsN6ep1NTw
💙 Yoko + Haruna + Reiko 💙
海外じゃ出るモノも出ない![#333]
https://youtu.be/-psB44D8o8o
💚 Haruna + Reiko 💚
感情を表す26英単語 | 例文+表情付きで分かりやすい![#326]
https://youtu.be/tBKeJKWFHoU
飲み友達の英会話 🍷 全編英語だけど和訳付き [#322]
https://youtu.be/ERZLvKNl2XM
ひと口英語日記 (この感動を残したくて) [#328]
https://youtu.be/5Byq85ANCsc
英会話上達の険しい道だけど… [#335]
https://youtu.be/2kmJvsX8SNY
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#英語 #英会話
typos 在 Shinjiさんの翻訳動画 Youtube 的最佳解答
I apologize for Clint and Jade that I made typos you guys name in this video. I'm so damn.
【映像を使用させて頂いた配信者様のTwitch URL】
【ClintStevens】https://www.twitch.tv/clintstevens
【QuarterJade】https://www.twitch.tv/quarterjade
【Masayoshi】https://www.twitch.tv/masayoshi
【sonicmega】https://www.twitch.tv/sonicmega
【ImmortalHD】https://www.twitch.tv/immortalhd
【39daph】https://www.twitch.tv/39daph
【unrulybabs】https://www.twitch.tv/unrulybabs
【witwix】https://www.twitch.tv/witwix
【DansGaming】https://www.twitch.tv/dansgaming
【LIRIK】https://www.twitch.tv/lirik
【fuslie】https://www.twitch.tv/fuslie/
【lovelymomo】https://www.twitch.tv/lovelymomo
【PatStaresAt】https://www.twitch.tv/patstaresat
【今回使用したクリップ】
https://www.twitch.tv/masayoshi/clip/FitAlertDillHoneyBadger
https://www.twitch.tv/sonicmega/clip/ColdHealthyPepperCoolStoryBro
https://www.twitch.tv/immortalhd/clip/SpinelessFrigidIguanaDxCat
https://www.twitch.tv/39daph/clip/FilthyHotWeaselEleGiggle
https://www.twitch.tv/unrulybabs/clip/CaringFairTrayChefFrank
https://www.twitch.tv/witwix/clip/BovineCrunchyAniseFreakinStinkin
https://www.twitch.tv/39daph/clip/PlausibleSpicyTubersFunRun
https://www.twitch.tv/dansgaming/clip/TrustworthyCrispyCobblerBloodTrail
https://www.twitch.tv/lirik/clip/DreamyWisePlumageM4xHeh
https://www.twitch.tv/fuslie/clip/SolidSpeedyDonkeyPMSTwin
https://www.twitch.tv/lovelymomo/clip/PrettiestKathishPheasantAsianGlow
https://www.twitch.tv/quarterjade/clip/InnocentHonorableBoarTheThing
https://clips.twitch.tv/AmorphousPlausiblePeppermintWow
https://www.twitch.tv/clintstevens/clip/WittyRepleteMangoYouDontSay
https://www.twitch.tv/patstaresat/clip/EagerShyAsteriskUncleNox
エンディングテーマ【Dexter - Shaft of light】:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V2f3yL2UqjY
typos 在 Spice N' Pans Youtube 的最佳貼文
If you're a fan of anything herbal, you might want to give this recipe a try. It's one of the easiest recipes we have on our channel. Simply marinate the chicken, dump it in your rice cooker and voila!
Not a fan of anything herbal but you still want to make something like this for your family? You can use this recipe instead https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4yFfJAUjXD8&t=191s and cook it in your rice cooker in the same way as Roland did in this video.
See the ingredient list below for your easy reference.
The device we used in this video is La Gourmet Healthy Rice Cooker. Our kind sponsor sent us their new rice cooker to try and truly, we are impressed!! With this new rice cooker, we have banished our normal rice cooker to our store room. I mean - why not? It's like going on a healthy diet without even trying. We can eat rice as usual but it's actually healthier because it contains 37% lesser starch. Solid!
This rice cooker also comes with various other cooking functions which makes it really an awesome buy. Time for you to ditch your normal rice cooker!
For your reference, please see below to see how much water and rice to use when cooking rice. The portion used is for 4 people so if you're feeding lesser or more people (or simply you’re a a rice monster) , please adjust accordingly.
Please note that when using La Gourmet Healthy Rice Cooker, the low starch rice function will only work if you're cooking plain rice i.e. only when cooking rice and water with no other ingredients. If you want to add other ingredients, you can still use the La Gourmet Healthy Rice Cooker, just use the rice function to cook your rice. If you're doing so, please use the portion below listed for normal rice cooker.
Hope this helps! Buy buy buy, must buy!!!
-----------
If you like to get this La Gourmet Healthy Rice Cooker, head to our major departmental stores in Singapore (Takashimaya, Isetan, Robinsons, Courts, BHG, OG, Metro, Tangs) Do check out Lazada too because La Gourmet sells some of their products there too. La Gourmet is also available in Malaysia, Indonesia and Vietnam. Hope you can find them in your home country.
Ingredients
--------
Serves 4 -5 pax
Group A Ingredients
--------
5g of ginseng roots
5g of Angelica roots
Soak Group A ingredients in 1/2 cup (125ml) of hot water. Wait until they have cooled down before using them (including the water) to marinate your chicken
Group B
------
1/2 tablespoon of cekur root powder (sorry for the typos in the video- you can look for galangal powder if you can’t find cekur powder and last resort is to use ginger powder)
2 tablespoons of oyster sauce
2 tablespoons of light soy sauce
1 teaspoon of salt
1 tablespoon of Chinese cooking wine (Shaoxing Huatiao wine)
1 stalk of spring onion (lightly smash the stem)
1 kg chicken
3 tablespoons of dark soy sauce (although we rubbed 2 tablespoons on the chicken followed by 1 tablespoon to the sauce much later but you can add them as part of the marinade)
Add Group A & B ingredients together and marinate in the fridge for at least 2 hours.
Group C
------
A few stalks of spring onion
20g of young ginger - sliced
Lay Group C ingredients in the rice cooker first before adding the chicken. Remember to add the rest of the marinade to cook with the chicken. Cook the chicken for about 28 minutes and check that the chicken is thoroughly cooked before serving.
Group D
------
Some cornstarch solution
Some chopped spring onion
Once you have removed the chicken from the pot, remove the spring onion and ginger as well. You can discard the spring onion and ginger. Bring the sauce a boil first then add some cornstarch solution to thicken your sauce. Spring onion is optional so it's entirely up to you.
===
If you like this recipe, you might like these too:
10 MIN EASY Thai Glass Noodles w/ Prawns Recipe 泰式冬粉虾
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F1oPAXfXuLI&t=40s
Secret Revealed! Super Crispy Chinese Prawn Fritters 炸虾球 Crispy Prawn (Shrimp) Ball Recipe
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKyP-3RClt8&t=94s
How to cook Hong Kong Crispy Garlic Shrimp - Typhoon Shelter Fried Prawns 避风塘炒虾 Chinese Prawn Recipe
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7FOlkXFuBg&t=80s
Disclaimer:
Spice N' Pans is not related to these products and cannot guarantee the quality of the products in the links provided. Links are provided here for your convenience. We can only stand by the brands of the products we used in the video and we highly recommend you to buy them. Even then, preference can be subjective. Please buy at your own risk. Some of the links provided here may be affiliated. These links are important as they help to fund this channel so that we can continue to give you more recipes. Cheers!
typos 在 THE FRENCH DISPATCH | "Let's Start With The Typos" Clip 的推薦與評價
It stars Benicio del Toro, Adrien Brody, Tilda Swinton, Léa Seydoux, Frances McDormand, Timothée ... ... <看更多>
typos 在 Issue #160 · italia/lg-modellointeroperabilita-docs - Fix typos 的推薦與評價
This issue will reference as comments a set of typos in the building of the spec. Add a comment for each typo, then link the comment to a ... ... <看更多>