This morning, as I started putting on my shoes to go for a run, my grandfather exclaimed "You've got to teach online in 25minutes!" 😱
"Yeah, I'm just going for a whizz round the block." 😎
"What on earth is the point in that??" 🤨 he responded.
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I would be less fit if I never went for a run unless I had time to warm up, run 5k and stretch. I would be weaker if I only lifted weights when I had 1.5hrs for a full balls-to-the-wall session 🏋🏻♂️
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Sure, some people can routinely make time for high intensity, high volume exercise.
Some people love making that the centrepiece of their day.
Some are both and content with fitness being a focal point of their life 👍🏽 but, contrary to what the instagram fitness world will lead you to believe, that's really fucking rare.
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Way too may of us seem to think the goal is to "get fit". I can almost guarantee it shouldn't be for most. Not by whatever arbitrary definition of it you're using. You just need to get fit-ter 📈
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A friend of mine the other day said "I can't go to the gym without a PT because if I go on my own I just get in a 60% workout and it's a waste of my time." 🤦🏻♂️
HOW have we been convinced that exercise at 60% is a waste of time? I’ll bet most “waste” more time daily scrolling 📱
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Side note: If you think a PT's “job” is to run your arse into the ground at 100%, I can almost guarantee you've got a mediocre one 💁🏻♂️
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Equally, it doesn't have to take a lot of your day ⏱ I consulted a couple the other day who have been "meaning to get fit" for a while. They already had a few machines, but seemed to think 15mins on them 3 times a week was pointless. No. What's pointless is having machines you never use.
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🙏🏽 Please, just start by doing SOMETHING. Something you enjoy, that doesn't feel unpleasantly or unsustainably intense / difficult, and then do it for as long as is convenient. Once it's a habit, start trying to give it a bit more effort, and making a bit more time for it. I know we say to have goals in fitness and business and life but, for some, maybe it's the goal that has been getting in the way? Maybe it's the goal that's so daunting that you don't do ANYTHING to get yourself closer to it? 🧐
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The 'Hundred Days' Humbug
Blame FDR for this arbitrary standard, whose meaning has changed since 1933.
https://www.wsj.com/art…/the-hundred-days-humbug-1493160492…
arbitrary meaning 在 Alexander Wang 王梓沅英文 Facebook 的最讚貼文
【學習英文文法錯了嗎?應不應該學習英文文法呢?】
近幾年來,在台灣英語教學界,掀起了一波「反文法教學」的狂潮。
也許是因為過去的英語教育過於僵化,過度以課本、老師、課綱為中心(而非理想的以學生文中心),加上使用填鴨式、非以科學研究為本的教學方式,讓學生學習成效不彰,讓許多英語教育者、甚至是英語系教授,掀起「台灣學生不必要學習文法,母語人士不是那樣學的」「只要給學生大量閱讀,尤其是閱讀好的小說,文法就自然學起來了」的風潮。
大家都希望是如此。閱讀,真的有太多的好處,但這些好處沒有多到,我們可以下「文法教育不需要」的結論。在教學過程當中,我一再再的碰到的問題就是:不管是寫作課、口說課、還是閱讀課,很多問題最後都終結於:文法沒學好。TOEFL, IELTS, GRE, GMAT 點子發展再完整,但英文文法不好,頂多拿中間或是中上的分數。為什麼?因為英文文法不好,常常會影響到學生論述的完整和邏輯性。
數據也告訴我們,文法的學習,不會那麼簡單只靠大量閱讀就可以發生。
台灣學生,還是需要英文文法教育,只是需要的內容和教法,是會讓學習成效更好的文法教學,而非一味反對文法教育。
為什麼「大量閱讀」對於文法學習,不一定會有效呢? 可以從3個層面淺談。
第一、認為只要大量閱讀就會構成學習文法的「充分條件」的論說,根本上忽略了「兒少學習」和「成人學習」的差別,也忽略的「母語習得」和「第二語言習得」的差別。
若學習者(尤其是成人) 要利用「大量閱讀」(input flood) 來學習文法,那麼這個過程必須相當「刻意」,而學習者本身也要有非常好的「歸納」能力。而研究顯示,implicit learning 或是這種歸納能力,通常非常小的小朋友會較有優勢。 而成人的優勢並不在implicit learning,而是在成人有其他領域知識、好的讀書技巧等可以輔助學習。而即便此學習者,有超強的歸納能力和implicit learning,也不見得每個面向的文法都能學習好。特別是語言學學者所說的「軟性結構 (soft structures)」,那種要依靠「語境」來判斷的文法規則(某些介系詞、冠詞的子規則)更是難以以單純閱讀的方式以習得。
第二、attention, noticing, 和 awareness (在本文不做細部區分),是構成學習的必要條件。因此,如果在大量閱讀的過程中,學生完全只集中在「文意」(meaning) 的解讀,而完全忽略文法結構 (form),也許可以增進閱讀能力 (某種receptive skills),但「文法知識並不一定會提升」。為什麼呢?因為讀者沒有特別「注意」到那些「還未學習好但應該學習的語言結構」,那麼學習就難以發生。
「理解」很重要,但是若只有理解,沒有輔助的「注意」,恐怕只有閱讀能力提升,單字、文法是否能一同提升,對於成人英語學習來說,我們還是要打一個問號(研究還未定論)。
第三、因為台灣學生的母語是中文,我們和母語人士從小的學習方式「從裡到外」條件即不一樣。再加上英文文法有眾多的arbitrary rules (硬性規則) 需要記憶 (例:advice 不可數,suggestion可數) ,也有眾多台灣學生「用中文腦難以理解」的英文規則沒有被「母語人士所寫的教科書」所抓到,導致於我們還是會從「留美、留英」口中的台灣學生聽到 “Thanks for your feedbacks.” “Researches have shown that…” “They found several evidences…” 等錯誤英文,更別談連眾多英文老師「隨便亂用」的英語冠詞系統。
因此,台灣學生不是不需要英文文法教育。我們要的英文文法教育,是由「懂得中文腦」的人所寫出的英語教材,加上利用科學支持的教學法,所進行的文法教育。
大量閱讀有非常多好處,絕對值得鼓勵。但,對成人來講,絕對無法完全確保文法學習。
11/10/2016 王梓沅
arbitrary meaning 在 コバにゃんチャンネル Youtube 的精選貼文
arbitrary meaning 在 大象中醫 Youtube 的最讚貼文
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arbitrary meaning 在 Arbitrary's Meaning - Mathematics Stack Exchange 的推薦與評價
Arbitrary means "undetermined; not assigned a specific value." For example, the statement x+x=2x is true for arbitrary values of x∈R, but the statement ... ... <看更多>
arbitrary meaning 在 Arbitrary Meaning - YouTube 的推薦與評價
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