【美國大選結果底定:談「安全港截止日」及最後的訴訟結束】
美國時間12月8日是一個重要的截止日,稱為「安全港截止日」(Safe Harbor Deadline)。這個日子是選舉人投票選出總統的前六天,按照聯邦法律,選舉人投票日是「十二月的第二個週三之後的週一」,今年是12月14日,所以Safe Harbor Deadline就是12月8日。
這個日期就是所有州層級司法訴訟要結束的日子,超過這個日期就不能再提新的訴訟了。法律中對安全港截止日的敘述是:「聯邦法律敦促各州將計票結果以紙本紀錄送交國家檔案局(National Archives),正式確認(certify)該州由哪方勝出。」不過其實因為美國州權很大,因此聯邦法律也沒有強制各州一定要在這個日期之前送出紙本認證,只有說「在切實可行範圍內盡快」(as soon as practicable)。截至昨天為止還有不少州還沒送到紙本紀錄。安全港截止日在實際意義上,就是要國家檔案局必須要清點各州已經認證過的選舉人票數了。
川普陣營在六個州提出將近五十件的選舉訴訟案,結果幾乎都是駁回或者自行撤回。但最新的發展是,德州檢察總長在這最後期限內,向聯邦最高法院提出訴訟,主張賓州、威州、密西根、喬治亞四州改變選舉規則的作法是違憲的。後續還有至少17州也提出法律意見書(Amicus Brief ),贊同德州的訴訟案。
美國時間週五(12月11日)晚間,最高法院駁回德州的訴訟,理由是:德州無法證明法律上他們有管轄其他州選務的權利(has not demonstrated a judicially cognizable interest in the manner in which another state conducts its elections,https://reurl.cc/Q3vKvo) 。也就是說,這個案子最高法院並沒有進入實質的審理程序,因為德州根本沒有資格提出這樣的訴訟。
外界對於這樣的結果並不意外(參考李中志老師:https://pse.is/39c7ak) ,因為美國地方事務高度分權,選務都是由各州負責,投票辦法都是經由各州議會通過,很難由某一州去指責其他州違憲。而且,只挑選拜登勝選的四州主張違憲,本身似乎就會違反憲法的公平保護原則。大選中由川普勝出且為共和黨執政的俄亥俄州提出法庭意見指出,這個訴訟案挑戰了聯邦體制最基本的原則:州權至上。
另外,在這之前,12月8日時最高法院做了一個裁決,駁回川普陣營在賓州提出的選舉官司。該官司是由該州的聯邦眾議員麥可凱利(Mike Kelly)提出,因為他認為賓州的通訊投票辦法違反美國憲法(但是,該通訊投票辦法是經由共和黨佔多數的州議會確認通過的)。最高法院只簡單說了一句:訴訟駁回。判決書上面留了一大片空白,這是滿罕見的狀況。
在2000年布希和高爾的佛州計票爭議中,最高法院正是在安全港截止日做出最後的裁決,而高爾也放棄挑戰結果。該次選舉,佛州經重新計票後雙方只差了五百多票,而該州就是決定勝負的最後一州,誰拿下佛州誰就贏,和這次挑戰選舉結果必須要挑戰超過四州以上狀況並不一樣。
接下來國會兩院將在1月6日正式清點選舉人票,所以就程序上來說,拜登真正成為總統的時候是這個日子。但就如同說們之前提過的,實務上沒有人會等到國會做確認,而是在開票完的時候,就會根據各州票數差距以及計票誤差來「預測」(project)選舉贏家。
在1月6日這天,國會議員可以挑戰選舉結果,但需要有至少一位眾議員加上至少一位參議員附議提出,並經兩院多數通過,才能夠拒絕認證選舉人投票的結果。前面提到最高法院駁回的德州訴訟案,就有126位共和黨眾議員(相當於三分之二的眾議院共和黨議員)連署聲明力挺。由此看來,選舉人投票後,由國會議員挑戰選舉結果的狀況,可能性不小。
截至此文寫作時,全美五十州的州務機關都已經正式認證選舉開票結果,最終選舉人票的比數是306:232。
註:目前大選結果還有一個懸念就是參院到底誰會掌控多數,這要看1月5日喬治亞州的兩席參議員第二輪決選。共和黨必須要至少拿到一席,才能防止民主黨掌握參院。
✨ 贊助觀測站:https://ustaiwanwatch.soci.vip/
同時也有10000部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,910的網紅コバにゃんチャンネル,也在其Youtube影片中提到,...
「as soon as practicable」的推薦目錄:
- 關於as soon as practicable 在 US Taiwan Watch: 美國台灣觀測站 Facebook 的精選貼文
- 關於as soon as practicable 在 香港作家王迪詩 Facebook 的最佳貼文
- 關於as soon as practicable 在 潮媽與溱溱 ๑OㅂO๑ Facebook 的最佳解答
- 關於as soon as practicable 在 コバにゃんチャンネル Youtube 的精選貼文
- 關於as soon as practicable 在 大象中醫 Youtube 的最佳解答
- 關於as soon as practicable 在 大象中醫 Youtube 的精選貼文
- 關於as soon as practicable 在 Usage: "as soon as practicable" vs "as soon as is practicable" 的評價
- 關於as soon as practicable 在 Usage of -"As soon as " & As.....as.....possible - YouTube 的評價
- 關於as soon as practicable 在 일상 표현들 확! 공손하게 바꾸기 (ft. 아란쌤 인강 안내 ) - YouTube 的評價
as soon as practicable 在 香港作家王迪詩 Facebook 的最佳貼文
‼️只可扣留48小時‼️唔係72小時‼️
#要清楚知道自己嘅權益
網上有傳警察拉人之後,由原本可扣留48小時改為72小時,見到我上一個post仍有唔少留言以為係真,所以出呢個post講清楚,因為每個人必須清楚知道自己嘅權益,保障自己好重要。
1. 警隊網頁見到「被捕人士指引— 拘捕及羈留」所指嘅72小時,只係講緊根據遞解出境法律而被拘捕或扣留嘅人,例如非法入境者。
👉🏻https://www.police.gov.hk/info/doc/pol/tc/Pol-1128.pdf
2. 《警隊條例》第232章白紙黑字好清楚:(中文譯得好難明,所以引英文)”where such person is detained in custody he shall be brought before a magistrate as soon as practicable, unless within 48 hours of his apprehension a warrant for his arrest and detention under any law relating to deportation is applied for, in which case he may be detained for a period not exceeding 72 hours from the time of such apprehension.
👉🏻 https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/cap232
3. 好難怪大家誤會,我聽到連一啲大狀都話寫得misleading。即係話,警隊網頁嘅「指引」(唔知點解)隻字不提《警隊條例》列明嘅48小時,只係選擇話你知有72小時呢件事。一般人就咁睇,好容易誤會扣留已由本來48小時改為72小時,其實72小時只限根據遞解出境法律而被拘捕嘅人。
4. 如果被拉,唔好被嚇倒或誤導,誤以為可以扣留72小時呀。
as soon as practicable 在 潮媽與溱溱 ๑OㅂO๑ Facebook 的最佳解答
ho lun ho siu ar diu lei lo mei 😂🤣😂🤣
黑警教架 : 驚就唔好坐飛機啦!
Dear Sirs
本人的職業是警察,我和我的同事有過千人被起底,如該機司知道我的職業是警察,且我又剛巧乘坐他駕駛的飛機,面對一個這麼仇警的飛機司,我會覺得自己人身安全好危險,並且完全沒有信心得到公平的看待!國泰是一家大規模及有名的上市國際品牌公司,請問貴公司會繼續錄用一個有如此失控情緒的飛機司嗎?敬希貴公司能正視問題及回覆本人的查詢!
email will cc to 民航處處長及各大媒體
We note from the various media outlets today that Mr. Liu Chung-yin (“Mr. Liu”), a pilot working with Cathay Pacific, has been charged with rioting and was released on bail with an exemption that he may leave Hong Kong for work (the “Exemption”).
Despite the Exemption, as a frequent flyer on Cathay Pacific’s flights, I would like to raise serious concern on Mr. Liu’s suitability to perform his flying duties and would thus urge Cathay Pacific to suspend him from performing flying duties with immediate effect until and unless Mr. Liu is proven not guilty of the charge and that he is mentally sound to do so, on the following grounds:-
· As a suspected criminal facing a maximum sentence of a 10-year imprisonment, it is highly likely that Mr. Liu may be mentally unstable at this juncture to perform his flying duties as a pilot who flies commercial aircrafts carrying tens or even hundreds of passengers. His possible mental instability will pose big threats to the safety of the passengers on Mr. Liu’s aircrafts. If Mr. Liu is to continue his flying duties, it is against Cathay Pacific’s mission that puts passengers’ safety as its top priority and would definitely destroy passengers’ confidence in the safety of Cathay Pacific’s flights. It will further undermine Cathay Pacific’s reputation for safety.
· Having a co-pilot on an aircraft would not be an acceptable and effective solution because in any unfortunate situation which involves the safety of hundreds of passengers, Mr. Liu’s mental state may prevent him from identifying any problem with the aircraft in a timely manner and taking swift and appropriate action.
In light of the above, kindly let me know if Cathay Pacific will take any action in response to Mr. Liu’s charge and most importantly, whether Mr. Liu will continue to perform his flying duties. As a frequent flyer on Cathay Pacific’s flights, I do believe it is incumbent upon Cathay Pacific to ensure that our journeys on Cathay Pacific’s flights will be taken care of by capable pilots who are both physically and mentally fit.
I understand that lots of other frequent flyers share the same concern as I do and therefore, I would be grateful if Cathay Pacific can take appropriate actions as soon as practicable.
另外,本人的職業是警察,我和我的同事有過千人被起底,如該機司知道我的職業是警察,且乘坐他駕駛的飛機,面對一個這麼仇警的飛機司,我完全沒有信心得到公平的看待!國泰是一家大規模及有名的上市國際品牌公司,請問貴公司會繼續錄用一個有如此失控情緒的飛機司嗎?敬希貴公司能正視問題及回覆本人的查詢!
email will cc to 民航處處長及各大媒體
Yours faithfully,
Mr Tong
https://www.cathaypacific.com/…/worldwide-of…/hong-kong.html Cathay Pacific Airways Limited 國泰航空有限公司
as soon as practicable 在 コバにゃんチャンネル Youtube 的精選貼文
as soon as practicable 在 大象中醫 Youtube 的最佳解答
as soon as practicable 在 大象中醫 Youtube 的精選貼文
as soon as practicable 在 Usage of -"As soon as " & As.....as.....possible - YouTube 的推薦與評價
For more videos :-https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCPcgEcXgtkXnLsMBrjkTogg. ... <看更多>
as soon as practicable 在 일상 표현들 확! 공손하게 바꾸기 (ft. 아란쌤 인강 안내 ) - YouTube 的推薦與評價
[영어] As Soon As Possible 이 은근 무례한 이유 | 일상 표현들 확! 공손하게 바꾸기 (ft. 아란쌤 인강 안내 ). Watch later. Share. Copy link. ... <看更多>
as soon as practicable 在 Usage: "as soon as practicable" vs "as soon as is practicable" 的推薦與評價
A brief research on internet reveals that use of "as soon as practicable" is more than 10 times more popular than "as soon as is practicable" ( ... ... <看更多>