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在cd4 t cells這個產品中，有6篇Facebook貼文，粉絲數超過0的網紅，也在其Facebook貼文中提到， 疫苗混打：AZ+BNT的抗體濃度是AZ+AZ的9倍！ 疫苗混打 (Heterologous dosing) 1⃣️ 德國Schmidt et al 的研究 以AZ + AZ，mRNA + mRNA及AZ+ mRNA作為比較。 結果： AZ+BNT的抗體濃度是AZ+AZ的9倍 1. 抗體反應...

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2021-07-31 13:12:57 有 562 人按讚
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疫苗混打：AZ+BNT的抗體濃度是AZ+AZ的9倍！

疫苗混打 (Heterologous dosing)

1⃣️ 德國Schmidt et al 的研究
以AZ + AZ，mRNA + mRNA及AZ+ mRNA作為比較。

結果：
AZ+BNT的抗體濃度是AZ+AZ的9倍

1. 抗體反應：
Spike-specific IgG 使用mRNA的兩組沒有差異
mRNA + mRNA: 4932
AZ + mRNA :3630
但
AZ+AZ為404，

中和抗體濃度：
⭕️ AZ + mRNA (3630)是AZ+ AZ (404) 的9倍

中和抗體產生的抑制效果
AZ + mRNA 及 mRNA + mRNA：100%抑制效果。
AZ + AZ：80%

2. T 細胞免疫：引發CD4 T cells反应
AZ + mRNA 及 mRNA + mRNA 較AZ + AZ高出4倍

AZ + mRNA 及 mRNA + mRNA明顯引發CD4 T cells反應(0.17 , 0.16)

AZ + AZ 明顯較弱，只有0.04。

3. spike-specific IFN-γ-producing CD8 T cells：
AZ + mRNA最優: 0.28% (IQR = 0.54%).
mRNA + mRNA: 0.06% (IQR = 0.19).
AZ + AZ : 0.04% (IQR = 0.08%).

4. 不良反應：混打組比較嚴重。

2⃣️ 另外一篇是Barros-Martins et al的研究

以AZ + AZ vs AZ + BNT作為比較：

✅ anti-spike (S) IgG and IgA：
AZ + AZ 增加2.9倍
AZ + BNT 增加11.5倍

✅ spike-specific memory B cells were significantly increased
AZ + AZ: 增加53.1%
AZ + BNT 增加43.6%

✅ 中和抗體
AZ + AZ and AZ + BNT 兩組都有增加。

✅ AZ + AZ 可增B.1.1.7(Alpha)抗體，但對P.1(Gamma)及 B.1.351(Beta)無作用。
✅ AZ + BNT 對抗Alpha 最強，Gamma and Beta則較弱。
✅ spike-specific CD4+ T cells: 兩組均增加，但AZ + BNT 最強。

詳細內容：
https://reurl.cc/lRbOXY

Ref:
Schmidt, T. et al
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01464-w (2021).

Barros-Martins et al.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01449-9

清楚很有美感的解說圖在此
Meagan E et al.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01463-x

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cd4 t cells 在 Facebook 的最讚貼文

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2021-07-21 12:40:38 有 753 人按讚
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✅ T細胞 and B 細胞

⭕️ 為什麼AZ疫苗產生的抗體量似乎不高，卻在真實世界的保護力跟莫德納輝瑞BNT不相上下？

因為對疾病的保護力不能只看抗體效價。抗體效價反應的是B細胞對抗疾病的能力（體液免疫），但你體內的殺手T細胞 一樣是對抗病毒的重要細胞免疫。

⭕️ 接種新冠疫苗免疫力能維持多久，抗體量不是唯一的決定因素。疫苗接種後，會激活兩種重要的白血球：

1⃣️ B漿細胞：體液免疫。
主要功能是產生抗體，但它們壽命不長，初次接種疫苗幾週後開始在體內產生大量抗體，如果不注射第二劑疫苗的話，抗體數量會銳減。這就是體液免疫。

2⃣️ T細胞：細胞免疫。
T細胞成熟後分化成不同的效應亞型(CD4+/CD8+ T cells)，能識別和殺死不同的病原，有助於清除被病毒感染的細胞，其中一種叫記憶T細胞(memory T cells)，在體內可以存活幾十年，誘導長期免疫保護力，這意味著有些疫苗可能會產生終身免疫。也就是所謂的細胞免疫。

✅ 牛津大學最近在「自然免疫學」(Nature Immunology)期刊發表的研究指出，接種AZ疫苗即使抗體消失，疫苗中的腺病毒（adenovirus）會驅使 fibroblastic stromal cells，強化體內細胞毒性T細胞(cytotoxic CD8+ T cells)的「記憶膨脹」(memory inflation)作用，產生長期免疫反應，甚至對抗新的變種病毒。

參考資料：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-021-00969-3

圖片：https://immunology.sciencemag.org/content/5/49/eabd6160

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cd4 t cells 在 王姿允醫師。我的無齡秘笈。 Facebook 的最讚貼文

王姿允醫師。我的無齡秘笈。 By 王姿允醫師。我的無齡秘笈。

2020-09-10 20:08:11 有 312 人按讚
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［脂肪細胞有記憶⁉️復胖的關鍵在腸道菌跟免疫㊙️(上）］
#鬼月來講一下比發胖更可怕的事
#就是減肥後復胖到比原本更胖的現象

我在門診遇到一個案，以前曾用極端少吃跟激烈運動的方式，在三個多月減少30幾公斤，後來卻復胖了40幾公斤，所以來求診。

你一定會想說「天啊好不容易瘦了怎麼多，怎麼會那麼輕易讓自己胖回去，應該中途就打住啊！」

相信我，那不是他可以控制的現象。他不是非常放縱的亂吃，而是即使只吃跟一般人一樣的東西，或稍微碰一點點致肥物，那個體重就會用意想不到的速度飆升，根本煞不住車。

之前在粉專［復胖與否的關鍵不在速度，在腸道菌相］https://www.facebook.com/Dr.Amortality/photos/a.188037631999209/476972999772336/?type=3 分享過《Nature》2016年的一篇研究，大意是高脂肪飲食變胖的過程中因破壞了腸道菌相、再經過節食減肥的過程又讓菌相更加惡化，因此減肥後的老鼠在碰到高脂飲食後，脂肪迅速堆積的速度比沒有減肥、正常吃胖的老鼠還要快！😱

因此我常衛教，瘦的快慢不重要，重點是妳的方式是 #讓菌相變得更差還是更好，而微菌影響復胖的機轉是什麼呢？

在2017年的一篇免疫學相關研究，設計一個餵高脂食物變胖—>變瘦—>再餵高脂食物加速變胖的的模型。發現在變胖的過程中，脂肪細胞會聚集非常多的免疫T細胞（CD4+、CD8+、調節T細胞），而其中CD4+T細胞所引發的發炎反應（Th1、Th17相關細胞激素），會召喚更多的巨噬細胞（Macrophage，主要是M1），這些現象讓身體 #因為脂肪而呈現持續發炎狀態。

出乎意料的， #即使在體重恢復到跟對照組一樣正常時， #這些發炎細胞依然存在😨😨😨，他們伺機而動，就像打了疫苗一樣，再次碰到抗原（高脂食物），就會立刻反應，召集所有免疫細胞聚集在脂肪中，產生更強烈的發炎反應跟脂肪堆積現象。且這樣的 #肥胖記憶可以持續兩個月以上‼️

這樣的現象，推測跟高脂肪食物造成的 #壞菌上升，而引發身體的免疫有關，而 #脂肪的堆積， #其實是種對抗壞菌的發炎後結果。研究發現，少了這些免疫細胞的老鼠，在餵食高脂肪食物後體重會下降， #然後死亡💀，因為缺乏了對抗的機制，所以 #細菌量超載。

那有沒有對抗壞菌又能降低復胖的方式呢？

有，就是妳不是只有體重降下來，妳必須要讓身體的 #發炎狀態降下來，這可以從內臟脂肪的減少、膽固醇跟白血球的下降等等推測，而且 #低發炎飲食至少6個月以上，更重要的是， #要提升相關好菌的數量，來平衡免疫反應，避免身體為對付壞菌而讓發炎持續。

（待續）

#下一篇來講講抗發炎飲食跟不易復胖的方法
#肥胖不但是營養不夠的病
#更是身體對抗不良飲食造成的壞菌的結果
#附圖為瘦的人跟胖的人身上的脂肪細胞內容物不同
Reference:

1. Garidou L, Pomié C, Klopp P, et al. The Gut Microbiota Regulates Intestinal CD4 T Cells Expressing RORγt and Controls Metabolic Disease. Cell Metab. 2015;22(1):100-112. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.06.00
2. Zou J, Lai B, Zheng M, et al. CD4+ T cells memorize obesity and promote weight regain. Cell Mol Immunol. 2018;15(6):630-639. doi:10.1038/cmi.2017.36

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王姿允醫師。我的無齡秘笈。

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王姿允醫師 Dr.WZY 台灣唯一同時擁有家醫、肥胖、美容、老年、骨鬆等五科專科醫師認證的醫師。專長為肥胖醫學、專利4+2R增肌減脂飲食、腸道微菌研究、新陳代謝疾病。高雄湞媄診所院長。
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cd4 t cells 在 T helper cell - Wikipedia 的相關結果

The T helper cells (Th cells), also known as CD4+ cells or CD4-positive cells, are a type of T cell that play an important role in the immune system, ... ... <看更多>

cd4 t cells 在 Expanding roles for CD4 + T cells in immunity to viruses - Nature 的相關結果

CD4 + T cells are necessary as helpers to promote B cell antibody production and are often required for the generation of cytotoxic and memory ... ... <看更多>

cd4 t cells 在 What Are CD4 T-Cells and Why Are They Important? 的相關結果

T -cells are a subset of white blood cells that play an important role in the body's immune system. CD4 is, by contrast, a type of protein ... ... <看更多>

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As expected, MHD patients on immunosuppressive therapy had almost never detectable spike-specific CD4+ T cells (Figure 3a). A correlation was therefore ...

#61. The T-cell test bronze goes to Qiagen | Evaluate

The Quantiferon Sars-Cov-2 assay, which detects CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses elicited by the virus, is now available in Europe, ...

#62. COVID-19 immunity: Treading turbulent waters - Down To Earth

For those pathogens that have already invaded the host cells, the cytotoxic T cells — CD8+ — neutralise the pathogen by directly destroying ...

#63. Implications-emergence-spread-SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 ...

responding to the altered spike protein (CD4 T cells), or through direct lysis of SARS-CoV-2 infected cells (CD8 T cells) [14].

#64. Qiagen Obtains CE Mark for Assay Measuring T-Cell ... - 360Dx

The Hilden, Germany-based firm said its assay, based on its QuantiFeron interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) technology, detects CD4+ and CD8+ ...

#65. HIV: A new therapeutic target identified | EurekAlert!

During infection, HIV hides in immune cells, called CD4+ T cells, which shelter it and allow it to continue to multiply. Among the CD4+ T cells, ...

#66. Most People With HIV Respond Well to COVID Vaccines - POZ

... have a detectable viral load or a low CD4 T-cell count. Experts stress that people with HIV should get vaccinated as soon as possible.

#67. QIAGEN Launches CE-marked Version of ... - BioSpace

The QuantiFERON ® SARS-CoV-2 assay detects CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses, thereby enabling a much more comprehensive assessment of immunity ...

#68. QIAGEN Launches CE-marked Version of ... - Yahoo Finance

Detection of T-cells can provide vital insights that completes the ... The QuantiFERON ® SARS-CoV-2 assay detects CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell ...

#69. Effects of dezocine and sufentanil in breast cancer patients

T helper cell (Th cell) is the key regulator of host in anti-tumour ... of CD4+ and CD8 +T cells in the sentinel lymph node reversed, ...

#70. BioRender

Figure: During HSV infection, memory CD4-T-cells respond to antigens in neural tissue by secreting IFN-γ and loosening tight junctions between endothelial ...

#71. Research team identifies new rare disease affecting ...

Helios—a key player in T cell development and function ... effector-like status, patient CD4+ cells showed impaired activation.

#72. Moderna vs. Pfizer: Is There a “Best” mRNA Vaccine? - The ...

#TeamPfizer and #TeamModerna are two of the captions often found next to selfies ... That's where the CD4+ and CD8 + T cells come into play.

#73. CAR T cell principles | Carl DeSelm Lab

(Associated Press) T cells recognize and kill their targets, usually pathogens, through their T cell receptor. When the T cell receptor rec...

#74. AITL: Pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, and current ...

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is a subtype of mature peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) that has undergone several name changes ...

#75. Characterization of the transient deficiency of pkc isozyme ...

There is also no information on PKCζ isozyme levels in the T cell subpopulations, CD4+ and CD8 + cells. These issues were addressed in the present study ...

#76. Prompt antiretroviral therapy reduces HIV patient cancer risk

Over the course of the disease, these CD4+ T cells are greatly depleted, and this is associated with an increased risk of infection.

#77. CD19-Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) - UW ...

#78. CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells: Origin, Function and ...

The role of antigen-expression by thymic epithelium for the intrathymic differentiation of CD25+ suppressor T cells has become awell-accepted concept.

#79. The Molecular Pathology of Autoimmune Diseases

The suppressor phenomenon observed with the CD25+ CD4 regulatory T cells in autoimmune gastritis is similar to that observed in vitro with a human T cell ...

#80. CD8 + T cells regulate tumour ferroptosis during cancer ...

CD8 + T cells activated by cancer immunotherapy clear tumours mainly by inducing cell death through perforin-granzyme and Fas-Fas ligand pathways 3,4. Ferroptosis ...

#81. CD4+ T cell differentiation in infection: amendments to the ...

CD4+ T cell differentiation in infection: amendments to the Th1/Th2 axiom Dragana Jankovic and Carl G. Feng Th1/Th2 paradigm extended: macrophage ...

#82. Immunosuppression: Role in Health and Diseases

The growth of very large CD8 T cell clones observed in old mice was ... IL-2 is also necessary to maintain CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells that control CD4 T ...

#83. Clinical Immunology E-Book: Principles and Practice

The usage of T-cell receptor (TCR) D and J gene segments in the thymus is initially ... By 14 weeks of gestation, CD4 and CD8 T cells are found in the fetal ...