[翻轉視界9] 當存在不過待宰羔羊 - Never Let Me Go
Never let our empathy and humanity go!
永遠別泯滅同理心與人性!
《永不讓我走》是石黑郎的第六本小說,並被證明是自他的布克獲獎鼎盛時期以來最受歡迎的一本書。它在2010年改編成電影。有劇透,慎入 (Spoiler alert)!
★★★★★★★★★★★★
The film takes place in the late 20th century after a medical breakthrough in 1952 has permitted the human lifespan to be extended beyond 100 years. In England, human beings are cloned and bred for the purposes of harvesting their organs once they reach adulthood.
1. medical breakthrough 醫療突破
2. permit允許;使…有可能
3. human lifespan 人類壽命
4. be cloned and bred 被複製與(為育種目的)飼養
5. for the purpose of 基於…的目的
6. harvest 豐收(這裡指把克隆人養大以獲取他們的器官)
7. reach adulthood 長大成人
這部電影的背景發生於20世紀晚期,在1952年醫學突破使人類壽命能延長至超過百歲之後。於英格蘭,人們基於獲取器官的目的而克被隆和繁殖。
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Hailsham is a school for these clones. There, the clones live with no outside contact, interacting only with each other and their teachers, who are referred to as “guardians.” The Hailsham students know nothing of their fates or having any real understanding of the world.
8. clones 複製人
9. outside contact (n.) 外界接觸
10. know nothing of 對…一無所知
Hailsham是一所針對這些克隆人的學校。 在那兒,這些克隆人生活沒有外界與聯繫,只在克隆人之間以及與他們的老師(又稱「監護人」)的互動。Hailsham學生對自己的命運一無所知,對世界無從理解。
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Once the children have reached maturity, they leave their enclosed community and are given limited access to the normal world while awaiting summons to make “donations.”
11. reach maturity 達到成熟(這裡指成年)
12. enclosed community 封閉的社區
13. limited access to 有限度的
14. summons (n.) 命令;召喚
15. make donation 捐贈
一旦孩子(克隆人)成年,他們便離開封閉的社區,等待命令進行「捐贈」時,只被允許相當限度的進入「正常的世界」。
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In the end, the young adults learn the truth of their fates but they do not respond with sorrow or anger. They lack the essential concepts of justice and injustice, and do not even have the words to fight their oppression. Like those conditioned to be exploited, they blame themselves, thinking that they deserve their inferior status and fates. Rather than attempting to revolt, they latch onto the empty promise of escape for a lucky few.
16. lack (v.) 缺乏*
17. essential concepts of 基本概念
18. justice and injustice 正義與不義
19. do not have the words並未討論、爭吵
20. fight oppression 反抗壓迫
21. conditioned 習慣的、適應的
22. inferior status and fates 低等的地位與命運
23. revolt (v.) 反抗;造反;反叛
24. latch onto sth 與…發生聯繫; 纏上; (這裡指寄望於)
25. empty promise 虛假承諾
最後,年輕人知曉了命運真相,他們卻不會悲傷或憤怒地回應。 他們缺乏正義和不義的基本概念,也缺乏反抗壓迫的言論。 像那些習慣被剝削的人一樣,他們責備自己,認為自己卑劣的地位和命運是應當的。他們並未試圖反慷,而是寄望於成為少數幸運逃生的虛假承諾。
*lack: http://bit.ly/33LrOhw
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“If you don’t know you’re a slave , how do you fight to be free?”
「如果你不知道自己是奴隸,要怎麼為自由而戰?」
“If you don't know the words, that means you don't understand the concept, and therefore, you don't even realize that concept is even a possibility.”
「如果你不知道某些詞彙,那就意味著你並不了解某些概念,因此你也不會意識到,那些概念可以是一種可能。」
Freedom is fragile. I don't want to alarm you, but it is. It only took three generations to make North Korea into George Orwell's "1984." It took only three generations. If we don't fight for human rights for the people who are oppressed right now who don't have a voice, as free people here, who will fight for us when we are not free?
自由很脆弱。我不想嚇你,但事實如此。短短三個世代,就讓北韓淪為喬治.歐威爾筆下的《1984》。只花了三個世代。如果我們不為人權而戰,不為受壓迫、不為無法發聲的人而戰,當身為自由人的我們不自由時,誰還願意為我們而戰?
——Human rights activist, Yeonmi Park 人權鬥士朴延美
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資訊出處:
Fraser, N. (2012). On justice: Lessons from Plato, Rawls and Ishiguro. New Left Review, 74, 41-51.
照片出處: https://bit.ly/2OS0JmX
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[翻轉視界 8]逃離禁錮之地:離開北韓我學會自由與憐憫
https://bit.ly/39pYoZB
如何增進同理心: https://bit.ly/34qSKnC
翻轉視界系列文章: https://bit.ly/3fPvKUs
#ChangingPerspectives
#翻轉視界
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[翻轉視界 8]逃離禁錮之地:離開北韓我學會自由與憐憫
“If you don't know the words, that means you don't understand the concept, and therefore, you don't even realize that concept is even a possibility.” —— human rights activist Yeonmi Park。
「如果你不知道某些詞彙,那就意味著你並不了解某些概念,因此你也不會意識到,那些概念可以是一種可能。」——人權鬥士朴延美
對出逃前的她而言,自由與溫飽是很奢侈的理念,更無法了解「愛」的全貌。當我們無法得知世界發生了什麼,無法想像那超越自身認知的世界,我們便無法真正地同理他人。今天我想邀請大家,以不同的角度,重新感受自由、溫飽與愛的可貴。
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I was born in 1993 in the northern part of North Korea, in a town called Hyesan, which is on the border with China. I had loving parents and one older sister. Before I was even 10 years old, my father was sent to a labor camp for engaging in illegal trading. Now, by "illegal trading" -- he was selling clogs, sugar, rice and later copper to feed us. In 2007, my sister and I decided to escape. She was 16 years old, and I was 13 years old.
1. on the border with 鄰近邊界
2. labor camp 勞改營
3. illegal trading 非法的交易
1993年我出生在北韓的北部,一個名叫惠山的小鎮,鄰近中國邊界。我有愛我的父母與一位姐姐。在我10歲大的時候,父親就被送去勞改營,因為他非法買賣一些東西。所謂的非法買賣,其實他是賣一些木鞋、糖、米,之後還賣了銅,只為了餵飽我們。2007年,姐姐和我決定逃跑。她當時16歲,而我13歲。
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I need you to understand what the word "escape" means in the context of North Korea. We were all starving, and hunger means death in North Korea. So it was the only option for us. I didn't even understand the concept of escape, but I could see the lights from China at night, and I wondered if I go where the light is, I might be able to find a bowl of rice. It's not like we had a grand plan or maps. We did not know anything about what was going to happen. Imagine your apartment building caught fire. I mean, what would you do? Would you stay there to be burned, or would you jump off out of the window and see what happens? That's what we did. We jumped out of the house instead of the fire.
4. in the context of 在⋯⋯的情境中
5. concept 概念;觀念;思想
6. a grand plan 一個遠大的計畫
7. catch fire 著火
你們要知道,「逃跑」這兩字在北韓意味著什麼。我們天天挨餓,而飢餓在北韓意味著死亡。所以逃跑是我們唯一的選擇。我當時還不了解逃跑是什麼意思,但晚上我能看見中國那邊的燈光,我想著如果我能到有光的地方,也許就能找到一碗飯。我們沒有什麼遠大的計畫或地圖。我們完全不知道,接下來會發生什麼事。想像一下,你的公寓失火了,你會怎麼辦?你會坐以待斃,還是跳窗然後再看著辦?我們就是那樣。我們從大樓上跳了下來, 而不是等火燒上來。
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North Korea is unimaginable. It's very hard for me when people ask me what it feels like to live there. To be honest, I tell you: you can't even imagine it. The words in any language can't describe, because it's a totally different planet, as you cannot imagine your life on Mars right now. For example, the word "love" has only one meaning: love for the Dear Leader. There's no concept of romantic love in North Korea. And if you don't know the words, that means you don't understand the concept, and therefore, you don't even realize that concept is even a possibility.
8. unimaginable 無法想像
9. no concept of... 沒有⋯的概念
10. romantic love 浪漫愛
北韓是難以想像的。對我來說,要回答住在北韓是什麼感覺,非常困難。老實說,我可以告訴各位——你無從想像。沒有任何語言可以描述,因為那是個截然不同的星球,就像你現在無法想像自己在火星上的生活一樣。比如說,「愛」只有一個意思:愛偉大的領袖。在北韓沒有那種浪漫之愛的概念。如果你不知道某些詞彙,那就意味著你並不了解某些概念,因此你也不會意識到,那些概念可以是一種可能。
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Let me give you another example. Growing up in North Korea, we truly believed that our Dear Leader is an almighty god who can even read my thoughts. I was even afraid to think in North Korea. We are told that he's starving for us, and he's working tirelessly for us, and my heart just broke for him. When I escaped to South Korea, people told me that he was actually a dictator, he had cars, many, many resorts, and he had an ultraluxurious life. And then I remember looking at a picture of him, realizing for the first time that he is the largest guy in the picture. And it hit me. Finally, I realized he wasn't starving. But I was never able to see that before, until someone told me that he was fat.
11. an almighty god 一個全能的神
12. tirelessly 不屈不撓地;堅忍地
13. a dictator 獨裁者
14. it hit me 突然想到、意識到 
15. resort 度假地(此處係指北韓獨裁者有很多度假別墅)
16. ultraluxurious 極其奢華的
17. have a…life 過著⋯⋯的生活
讓我再舉一個例子。在北韓長大,我們真心相信我們偉大的領袖是全能的神,他甚至能看穿我在想什麼。我在北韓甚至不敢思考。我們聽說他為我們挨餓、不眠不休地為我們工作,而我為此感到心痛。我逃到南韓後,有人跟我說他其實是獨裁者,他有很多車、很多很多渡假別墅,他的生活極為奢華。我記得自己看著一張有他的照片,第一次意識到他是照片裡體型最大的那個。這件事讓我大受打擊。那時我才終於了解,他沒有挨餓。但我以前總無法看清這些,直到有人跟我說他很胖,我才恍然大悟。
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Really, someone had to teach me that he was fat. If you have never practiced critical thinking, then you simply see what you're told to see. The biggest question also people ask me is: "Why is there no revolution inside North Korea? Are we dumb? Why is there no revolution for 70 years of this oppression?" And I say: If you don't know you're a slave, if you don't know you're isolated or oppressed, how do you fight to be free? I mean, if you know you're isolated, that means you are not isolated. Not knowing is the true definition of isolation, and that's why I never knew I was isolated when I was in North Korea. I literally thought I was in the center of the universe.
18. critical thinking 批判性思考
19. revolution 革命
20. dumb 愚蠢的*
21. oppression 壓迫;壓制;欺壓
22. isolated and oppressed 與世隔絕的與被壓迫的
真的,要有人教我,他這樣叫做胖。如果你沒學過批判性思考,你看到的就只會是別人跟你說的。其他人對我提出的大哉問還有:「為何北韓沒有革命?我們傻嗎?為何歷經70年的壓迫,卻沒人發動革命?」我回答:「如果你不知道自己是奴隸,不知道自己被與世隔絕、壓迫,你要如何為自由而戰?我的意思是,如果你知道自己被與世隔絕,那就表示你並非真的與世隔絕。與世隔絕的真正定義是無知,所以我從不知道,在北韓的我與世隔絕。我真的以為我們是宇宙的中心。
*dumb: https://bit.ly/3fG5XOk
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So here is my idea worth spreading: a lot of people think humans inherently know what is right and wrong, the difference between justice and injustice, what we deserve and we don't deserve. I tell them: BS. Everything, everything must be taught, including compassion. If I see someone dying on the street right now, I will do anything to save that person. But when I was in North Korea, I saw people dying and dead on the streets. I felt nothing. Not because I'm a psychopath, but because I never learned the concept of compassion. Only, I felt compassion, empathy and sympathy in my heart after I learned the word "compassion" and the concept, and I feel them now.
23. inherently 與生俱來地
24. justice and injustice 正義與不義
25. psychopath 精神病患者
26. compassion, empathy and sympathy 憐憫、同理與同情*
我覺得值得分享的想法是:很多人以為,人類生來就能分辨是非對錯,懂得正義與邪惡的差別,我們值得被怎樣對待。我跟他們說:放屁。所有的事,所有的事都得經過教導,包含憐憫。如果我現在看見有人在路邊奄奄一息,我會不顧一切來救他。但我在北韓的時候,會眼睜睜看著有人橫死街頭,卻沒有任何感覺。並非因為我是心理病態,而是我從未學過憐憫的概念。只有在我的內心感受到憐憫、同理與同情,我才學會「憐憫」一詞與其概念,而如今我已能感受到這些。
*compassion: a strong feeling of sympathy and sadness for the suffering or bad luck of others and a wish to help them
empathy: the ability to share someone else's feelings or experiences by imagining what it would be like to be in that person's situation
sympathy: (an expression of) understanding and care for someone else's suffering
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Now I live in the United States as a free person.
現在我以自由人的身分住在美國。
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And recently, the leader of the free country, our President Trump, met with my former god. And he decided human rights is not important enough to include in his agendas, and he did not talk about it. And it scares me. We live in a world right now where a dictator can be praised for executing his uncle, for killing his half brother, killing thousands of North Koreans. And that was worthy of praise. And also it made me think: perhaps we all need to be taught something new about freedom now. Freedom is fragile. I don't want to alarm you, but it is. It only took three generations to make North Korea into George Orwell's "1984." It took only three generations. If we don't fight for human rights for the people who are oppressed right now who don't have a voice, as free people here, who will fight for us when we are not free? Machines? Animals? I don't know.
27. agenda 議程
28. be praised for 因⋯⋯獲得讚揚
29. execute (v.) 處決
30. worthy of sth 適合某物或具有某物的特徵
31. fragile 脆弱
最近,自由國度的領袖,我們的川普總統,和我以前的神會面。他認定,人權沒那麼重要,不需排進議程中,所以對此他隻字不提。這嚇壞我了。我們竟身在一個獨裁者處決伯父還能獲得讚揚的世界裡,他殺害同父異母的哥哥、殺害成千上萬的北韓人民,竟還能得到讚揚。這不禁使我開始思考,也許我們現在都要學習自由的新涵義。自由很脆弱。我不想嚇你,但事實如此。短短三個世代,就讓北韓淪為喬治.歐威爾筆下的《1984》。只花了三個世代。如果我們不為人權而戰,不為受壓迫、不為無法發聲的人而戰,當身為自由人的我們不自由時,誰還願意為我們而戰?機器嗎?動物嗎?我不知道。
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I think it's wonderful that we care about climate change, animal rights, gender equality, all of these things. The fact that we care about animals' rights, that means that's how beautiful our heart is, that we care about someone who cannot speak for themselves. And North Koreans right now cannot speak for themselves. They don't have internet in the 21st century. We don't have electricity, and it is the darkest place on earth right now. Now I want to say something to my fellow North Koreans who are living in that darkness. They might not believe this, but I want to tell them that an alternative life is possible. Be free.
32. speak for oneself 為某人發聲
33. alternative life 另一種生活
我覺得我們能關心氣候變遷、動物權益、性別平等諸如此類之事,真的很美好。因為,我們關心動物權益,就代表了我們的心地有多善良,也代表我們關心無法為自己發聲的對象。北韓人民現在無法為自己發聲。身處21世紀的他們,沒有網路可用。我們沒有電,那裡是當今地球上最暗的地方。現在我想告訴那些生活在北韓黑暗中的同胞。也許他們不會相信我,但我想告訴他們,生命仍有其他可能——意即自由的生活。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
From my experience, literally anything is possible. I was bought, I was sold as a slave. But now I'm here, and that is why I believe in miracles. The one thing that I learned from history is that nothing is forever in this world. And that is why we have every reason to be hopeful. Thank you.
34. slave 奴隸
35. miracle 奇蹟
就我的經驗,真的什麼事都有可能發生。我被人買走,賣給別人當奴隸。但我現在在這裡,這也就是為什麼我相信奇蹟。我從歷史上學到的一件事,就是世上沒有什麼是永恆的。而這也是我們無論如何都能懷有希望的原因。謝謝大家。
資訊出處:https://bit.ly/32p5HiK
圖片出處:https://bit.ly/32n2zEe
★★★★★★★★★★★★
如何增進同理心:https://bit.ly/34qSKnC
#ChangingPerspectives
#翻轉視界
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翻轉視界系列文章: https://bit.ly/3fPvKUs
changingperspectives 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最佳解答
[翻轉視界 6] Taiwan's Unsung Heroes: Chao Wen-chang
In times of chaos, change and uncertainty, unsung heroes work quietly to improve our society one step at a time.
1. in times of 在……的時候;在……期間
2. an unsung hero/heroine 無名英雄/女英雄
3. one step at a time 一步步,按部就班*
在這個充斥著混亂、改變與不明確的時期,無名英雄為一步步改善我們的社會而默默付出。
*one step at a time: https://bit.ly/2ZPzq3o
★★★★★★★★★★★
Chao Wen-chang wears a bamboo hat and stoops over to sweep metal scraps. He’s sweating, but continues working hard. Chao’s job is difficult and his earnings slim, but he’s committed to giving away most his salary.
4. stoop over 俯身,彎腰
5. metal scraps 鐵屑
6. Heroes of Philanthropy 行善英雄榜
7. slim 非常小的 (這裡指收入很少)
8. be committed to 致力於、投入(時間、金錢)
戴著斗笠低頭彎腰工作,儘管衣服已經溼透,但趙文正先生依舊埋頭掃鐵屑。他的工作辛苦收入又不多,不過趙文正堅持行善。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Always being the last one to pay his tuition fees in his elementary school, Chao has devoted himself to helping children in need. In 1979 he submitted his first donation in the name of his father, Chao Shi-hsuan. He has continuously donated 75% of his income to charity for the past 30 years. What’s more commendable is his wife and children’s supporting attitude toward his donations. They have devoted themselves to public services, and they live a simple and humble lifestyle. Chao, the small and thin man with strong principles, instructs his family to donate nearly every bit of his income to the public. “I keep a fourth and donate three-fourths. In the 80’s when my children were small, I didn’t donate as much. Now I can donate more. My children have grown and earn their own money,” Chao said.
9. tuition fees 學費
10. in need (金錢或食物) 缺乏,短缺
11. in someone’ name 以…之名
12. the sum of sth 全部數額 (這裡指金額)
13. commendable 值得讚揚的;值得推崇的
14. devote oneself to 獻身於
15. public service 公共服務
16. lead a…lifestyle 過…的生活
17. instruct(尤指正式地)指示,命令,吩咐
趙文正國小時總是全班最後一個交學費,從此立下決心,要幫助弱勢的孩子。從1979年以父親趙世旋之名捐出第一筆捐款,他30多年來將自己所得的75%全捐給慈善機構。身材瘦小的趙文正秉持「最低的需要留給自己和妻子,其他全數捐出!」,難能可貴的是妻兒無怨無悔地與他一起過著勤儉生活,一同致力公益。「留1/4,3/4捐出去。民國70多年小孩還小,捐比較少。現在捐比較多,現在小孩都長大,自己會賺錢」。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Small sums over the years have added up to major contributions. Over three decades Chao has donated NT$4 million to charity. Moved by Chao’s generosity, The mayor of Taichung sent a letter recommending him to Forbes. The U.S. magazine concurred, including Chao as one of the four Taiwanese it chose for its list of 48 Heroes of Philanthropy from the Asia and Australia region in 2012.
18. small sums 一點一滴
19. over the years 這些年來
20. add up to sth 總共是;合計為
21. generosity 慷慨,大方
22. be moved by 為..所打動
23. recommend to 推薦
24. concur (v.) 同意,贊成;意見一致
25. philanthropy 仁慈;慈善;慈善行為;慈善事業
就是這樣一點一滴,趙文正30年來累積超過400萬善款,感於他的慷慨,當時的台中市長親自幫他寫信推薦給富比士雜誌,在2012年他入圍了雜誌評選的亞洲行善英雄榜,48人當中的4位台灣人之一。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Thank you, Mr. Chao Wen-chang! We salute you!
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資訊與照片出處:
https://bit.ly/2XJfTP5
https://bit.ly/3cfpsL9
https://bit.ly/2zKonh9
照片出處:
https://news.ebc.net.tw/news/story/107347
★★★★★★★★★★★★
如何增進同理心: https://bit.ly/34qSKnC
Humans of Taipei: https://bit.ly/2S2Avjz
New Humans of Australia: https://bit.ly/2zc1xPm
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