【本研解密】「超譯」特權法
近日多名立法會議員被警方以《立法局(權力及特權)條例》控告干預立法會運作,翻查一系列關於《立法局(權力及特權)條例》立法的英國解密檔案【註一】,當時1985年的通過的特權法可謂為立法會充權的里程碑,但審議期間困難重重,引起不少爭議。當年英方內部討論今日解封,可為現今特權法被濫用提供莫大啟示。
當時仍屬親英的譚惠珠領頭審議草案委員會,負責擬定《立法局(權力及特權)條例》草案,打算確立立法會日後地位,保障97後的香港自主性。然而,由於條文中有誹謗性藐視(Defamatory contempt)的罪行,尤其第19條第2節中有禁止侮辱 (insult) 議員等字眼,大律師公會、香港律師會及記協等組織都大力批評條例有侵犯言論及新聞自由的風險。由於輿情驚動倫敦,最終港英回應訴求,刪減相關誹謗性藐視的條文,英方也表明港英需要吸收更多自主的經驗教訓(there is a need for the Hong Kong Government and UMELCO to learn the wider lessons of growing autonomy)。故此特權法不單止為立法會本身充權,當年在立法過程中也為體現香港步向自主上了重要的一課。
英方與港英政府其後進行賽後檢討,除了分析民間強烈反對的原因,包括港英錯誤預計公眾反應及欠缺政治觸覺(political feel)外,更提出一個具前瞻性的憂慮,特權法有機會被表面地解讀。當年仍任職英國外交部政務官的衛奕信講明,指望中方「合理」地應用法律條文顯然是不足的(with the Chinese dimension, it is clearly not sufficient to rely on the "reasonable" application of the law),難保日後會出現條文被表面地(literally)解讀及僵化地(rigidly)執行的情況,提醒港英日後立法應多加注意。有見今日政府表面地闡釋條文中「干預」、「藐視」及「阻礙」等行為,令立會主席「煩躁不安,精神受挫」也成為干預議會運作的理據【註二】時,相信已經違反英方合理地應用的立法原意。
時任英國外交部香港司司長高德年(Anthony Galsworthy)早就預視97後中方一定會向立法會施壓,因此,特權法中誹謗性藐視的條文本為防止議員受左報的個人攻擊(personal attack)。英方立法原意雖好,但若當初條文沒有受民間壓力而「減辣」的話,現時何君堯或聲稱自己在議會被「侮辱」,指控林卓廷等人藐視立法會,將原告變被告,特權法成為更具威脅性的法律武器控告議員。
同一條條例,今日香港政府透過刻意表面地解讀法律,將充權變削權,本身保障議員的特權法竟反控議員。這種中國式的法律應用下,任何法例都可能變成惡法,這也是法律武器化的其一表現。
參考資料
【註一】
1985 FCO 40 1811 Legislative Council (Powers and Privileges) Bill
1985 FCO 40 1812 Legislative Council (Powers and Privileges) Bill
1985 FCO 40 1813 Legislative Council (Powers and Privileges) Bill
【註二】蘋果新聞:大搜捕|建制郭偉強施暴獲律政司介入放生 朱凱廸陳志全許智峯潑臭水被控「侵害罪」 「令梁君彥精神受損」https://bit.ly/3kGLlY1
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contempt用法 在 椪皮仔 Facebook 的最佳解答
「每日英文閱讀分享#003」
【contempt】
今天的文章在談論-Leadership
一開始就講到這個貫穿全文的字「contempt」
contempt 是一個不可數的名詞,
根據Cambridge字典的解釋為:a strong feeling of disliking and having no respect for someone or something。
也會用在對法庭的藐視:be in contempt of court
常見的用法為:
hold sb/sth in contempt
= feel contempt for someone or something
= show contempt for sth/sb
本文例句:
1. It can come out of nowhere — a contempt attack.
2. Most leaders experience contempt attacks at one time or another, especially during times of crisis, uncertainty, and high stress.
3. Her eyes narrowed, and she leaned toward me with fury and contempt shooting out of every pore of her being.
原文在第一則留言!
ps. 如果你也想跟我一起培養每日閱讀習慣,可以在下面留言用這個單字造個句子,我就會把整篇筆記傳給你喔!
#言之有物
#英語學習
#商業英文
#商用英文
#BusinessEnglish
#Leadership
#每日英文閱讀分享
#一起來建立英文閱讀習慣吧
contempt用法 在 喬的英文筆記 Joe's English Learning Notes Facebook 的最佳解答
<英文寫作必用!「說明、闡述」與「反對」動詞組(附英英解釋及同義字)>
喬今天要分享的是跟英文作文非常相關的動詞字組,「說明」與「反對」動詞組合在英文寫作時表達一個人的意見是必要的。所以喬今天除了分享之外也把所有英英解釋及其相關同義字都打成電子檔筆記,希望對各位同學有幫助。
1. 說明
闡明 elucidate ; illuminate
詳細地說明 elaborate ; expound
* elucidate (V.)
to make (something) clear; explain
同義字- illuminate, clarify, unravel, interpret, explicate, gloss
* illuminate (V.)
to help to clarify or explain (a subject or matter)
同義字- clarify, elucidate, reveal, demystify, exemplify, illustrate
* elaborate (V.)
to develop or present (a theory, policy, or system) in detail
同義字- embellish, embroider, amplify
* expound (V.)
to explain the meaning of
同義字- interpret, explicate, elucidate
2. 反對
反對 object ; oppose
反駁 argue against ; counter/ contradict
駁斥 refute ; repudiate
否決 deny ; veto
質疑 question ; cast doubt on
抨擊 bombard ; vigorously/ vehemently attack
藐視 belittle ; scorn ; defy
*object (V.)
to say something to express one’s disapproval of or disagreement with something
同義字- oppose, condemn
*oppose (V.)
to actively resist or refuse to comply with (a person or a system)
同義字- resist, challenge, dispute, [FORMAL正式用法] gainsay
*refute (v.)
to deny or contradict (a statement or accusation)
同義字- disprove, debunk, discredit, invalidate, confute
*repudiate (V.)
[1] to refuse to accept or be associated with
同義字- renounce, abandon, disown, [FORMAL正式用法] forswear, abjure, [Literary文學用法] forsake
[2] to deny the truth or validity of
同義字- deny, contradict, controvert, rebut, dispute, dismiss, [FORMAL 正式用法] gainsay
[3] (法律) to refuse to fulfill or discharge (an agreement, obligation, or debt)
同義字- revoke, rescind, reverse, overrule, overturn, invalidate, nullify, disregard, flout, disaffirm, [FORMAL正式用法] abrogate
*deny (V.)
[1] to state that one refused to admit the truth or existence of
同義字- contradict, controvert, repudiate, challenge, counter, contest, oppose, rebut, [FORMAL正式用法] gainsay
[2] to refuse to give or grant (something requested or desired) to (someone)
同義字- rebuff, repulse, decline, veto, dismiss
*veto (V.)
to exercise a veto against (a decision or proposal made by a law-making body)
同義字- dismiss, prohibit, forbid, interdict, proscribe, disallow, embargo, ban
*question (V.)
to feel or express doubt about; raise objections to
同義字- query, challenge, dispute, doubt
*bombard (V.)
to assail (someone) persistently, as with questions, criticisms, or information
同義字- inundate, swamp, flood, deluge, besiege, overwhelm
*belittle (V.)
to make (someone or something) seem unimportant
同義字- disparage, denigrate, deprecate, depreciate, downgrade, trivialize, minimize, pooh-pooh
*scorn (V.)
to feel or express contempt(鄙視) or derision for
同義字- deride, disdain, mock, disparage, slight, dismiss
*defy (V.)
to openly resist to refuse to obey
同義字- disobey, flout, disregard, ignore, break, violate, contravene, breach, infringe
contempt用法 在 喜歡新聞,學英文- 引用:contempt 的意思是藐視,不尊敬 的推薦與評價
引用:contempt 的意思是藐視,不尊敬,常見用法是in contempt of。 House Democrats are threatening to hold key Trump administration officials in contempt of ... ... <看更多>