【 #搞乜郊野 】郊公主題樂園狂想曲
財政預算案預留5億係郊野公園增設 #樹頂歷奇 同搞 #豪華露營(glamping)等,另撥5500萬比旅遊事務署升級 十條熱門行山徑。消息一出,「行山界」劣評如潮,擔心政府又搞亂檔。
呢5億5千萬撥款,唔單止「搞亂檔」咁簡單,仲意味政府或已調整「搞郊野公園」嘅方法-由明刀明槍開發邊陲地帶,轉為低調「私有化」及「旅遊化」郊野公園,先淘空同破壞郊野公園本身嘅根基,再打開開發郊野公園嘅 #潘多拉盒子。
▍「私有化」、「豪華化」 破壞郊野公園公共性
雖然政府無提供進一步資料,但合理推斷豪華營地及樹頂歷奇屬商業營運收費設施,本質上與樸實及免費設施格格不入。郊野公園40多年歷史中未曾出現過類似豪華設施,若成事將顛覆郊野公園嘅 #公共性,將其變成一件可被私人開發嘅資源,後患無窮。
《郊野公園條例》通過時,麥理浩曾經講過:「沙灘同山丘(指郊野公園)屬於大眾,遊艇、哥爾夫球場呢啲豪華設施,係小眾玩意。」(...the beaches and the mountains are for the many what the yacht and golf course are for the few.) 【註1】。呢個大眾免費享用所有設施嘅精神亦體現喺郊野公園策劃同管理上。翻查一份關於郊野公園康樂目標嘅解密文件【註2】,政府不應以成本或時限限制市民進入郊野公園享用設施(there are no restriction on entry into the Country Park in terms of time or cost),所以係郊野公園範圍內搞豪華露營,基層朋友將無法負擔,破壞郊野公園向大眾開放嘅根基,亦係「#私有化」郊野公園嘅第一步。
▍曾有發展商擬發展「西貢昂平哥爾夫球場」被否決
過往亦試過有財團對郊野公園虎視眈眈。今日極受歡迎嘅野餐露營地點-#西貢昂平高原,40年前差點成為哥爾夫球度假村,除咗有球場外、仲有野生動物園(safari park),仲有纜車接駁(昂平纜車?)。呢個瘋狂計劃,最終因為政府唔信發展商能夠以相宜價錢開放比公眾使用而被否決【註3】,昂平高原亦得以倖存,足以體現郊野公園嘅免費原則。
▍豪華娛樂設施 唔應該「踩過界」入郊公
不過郊外亦可以有私人參建嘅康樂設施,但當年港英政府已經講明唔可以「#踩過界」,原則上,私人、收費或豪華形式嘅康樂,都要係郊野公園以外。
翻查奠基郊野公園文件 "The Countryside and the People" 【註4】,政府將郊外康樂設施分為兩類:
Þ #公營普及康樂設施(General recreational facilities): 基本且適合大眾使用嘅康樂設施,例如燒烤爐、郊遊徑,費用全免;
Þ #私營特殊康樂設施(Specialized recreational facilities):有特定受眾嘅特殊設施,例如歷奇營、宿舍,甚或乎係豪華康樂設施,可以收費。
文件清楚指出,郊野公園及周邊地區嘅康樂設施策劃上,必須是「#先普及、#後特殊」(private organizations...should not be given undue preference in the allocation of land to the prejudice of the community in general) 。而私營特殊康樂設施通常環境足印較大,策劃時要小心考慮對周邊景觀(having regard to the likely detraction from scenic amenity),所以呢類康樂設施都係郊野公園門口,例如大網仔、北潭涌,而非郊野公園核心。今次「升級」營地,即代表係郊野公園內現存營地落手,違反初衷。
根據郊野公園成立原則,豪華營地同樹頂歷奇,同「西貢昂平哥爾夫球場」一樣唔應該係郊野公園入面出現。
▍郊野公園 旅遊化、「打卡化」打開開發缺口
郊野公園並唔係主題樂園。解密檔案提到,郊野公園嘅成立有 #四大目標,包括「保育,康樂,資訊及教育」【註2】。而呢四大目標當中,保育被視為係重中之重(Conservation is one of the main theme that runs through all the park planning work),郊公入面嘅設施不得違背其精神。即係話,同保育無直接或間接關係嘅活動,例如樹頂歷奇同住豪華營地(同住酒店差唔多)呢啲主題式樂園活動,就只應該留返係郊野公園以外。
呢啲私有化、豪華化同旅遊化郊野公園嘅措施,一步步嘗試改變郊野公園屬性,慢慢將佢由公共財產,變成一個可開發嘅旅遊資源。若此缺口一開,不能排除旅遊化計劃例如度假村、XXYY樂園,將會接踵而來。
【參考文件】
香港歷史檔案編號 HKRS 1075-4-87 Sai Kung Country Park
香港歷史檔案編號 HKRS 684-3-24 Recreational Development and Nature Conservation Advisory Committee (NT) (General)
【註1】HONG KONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL — 8th October 1975 Official Records of Proceedings https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr75-76/english/lc_sitg/hansard/h751008.pdf
【註2】Country Parks Board Planning and Management Committee- Country Parks Planning an Introduction; Working Paper CPB/PMO/3/88. March 1988.
【註3】【馬鞍山郊野公園成立之初 已有地產商「睺住」】https://www.facebook.com/localresearch/photos/3665203243575722
【註4】The Countryside and the People- Report of the Provisional Council for the Use and Conservation of the Countryside. June 1968.
#財政預算案
#郊野公園研究
#搞乜郊野
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證券是什麼?
http://pgfinnote.com/whats-securities/
成功投資的秘訣是什麼?
http://pgfinnote.com/principles-for-investing-success/
市場上漲,該怎麼做投資?
http://pgfinnote.com/stay-course/
股市高檔時可以投資嗎?
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你需要因為市場變化改變你的投資策略嗎?
http://pgfinnote.com/should-you-change-your-plan/
股市下跌該怎麼辦?
http://pgfinnote.com/what-should-i-do-if-my-investment-account-is-down/
股市下跌時,該賣什麼?該買進什麼?
http://pgfinnote.com/sacrifice-throws/
下跌後會怎樣?股市下跌是好是壞,取決於你在哪個人生階段
http://pgfinnote.com/what-happens-to-stocks-after-a-big-down-month/
手中有一筆錢,該一次投入還是分批投資?(Invest now or temporarily hold your cash?)
http://pgfinnote.com/invest-now-or-temporarily-hold-your-cash/
為什麼不等股市跌的時候再大幅加碼?
http://pgfinnote.com/why-asset-allocation-wait-crash/
找出高低點買賣重要嗎?
http://pgfinnote.com/whether-market-timing-was-an-effective-strategy/
《全球股債組合實例》全股票ETF?或配一點債券?
http://pgfinnote.com/allstockportfolio/
不要讓定期定額變成擇時進出的藉口
http://pgfinnote.com/when-dollar-cost-averaging-can-help-or-hurt/
在股市頻繁進出,會帶來什麼樣後果?
http://pgfinnote.com/long-term-growth-of-global-stock/
投資賠錢的原因,為什麼我們總是追高殺低?
http://pgfinnote.com/why-buy-high-sell-low/
為什麼你的商品配息會比較高?以領配息為目標的策略該注意什麼?
http://pgfinnote.com/income-focused-strategies/
為什麼要做好資產配置,不要只持有單一市場
http://pgfinnote.com/should-you-invest-your-entire-portfolio-in-stocks/
如何修正效率前緣過度集中在特定資產的問題?
http://pgfinnote.com/resampled-efficient-frontier/
逢低減碼會帶來多大虧損?
http://pgfinnote.com/behavior-gap/
什麼是「再平衡」(Rebalance)?多久做一次比較好?
http://pgfinnote.com/rebalance/
被動投資會造成市場追高殺低?
http://pgfinnote.com/u-s-household-trading-coronavirus-market-volatility/
股市下跌後多久才恢復?要上漲多少才損益兩平?這段時間能做什麼?
http://pgfinnote.com/make-your-money-back-after-a-bear-market/
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