AZ疫苗相關之血栓與anti-PF4 antibodies
Update Research: 2021年4月16日NEJM
總共23名患者進行測試,進行血小板因子4(PF4)抗體的檢測。沒有接觸肝素。通過ELISA進行了抗PF4抗體的測試。確定患者之疫苗誘發的血栓形成和血小板減少症(即疫苗誘發的免疫性血栓形成性血小板低下症或VITT)診斷分式。
ELISA T: 超過8%的血小板活化陽性閾值,用於確認HIT的診斷時,靈敏度為78%,特異性為98%。
在這項研究的23名患者中,中位年齡為46歲(21至77歲),其中16歲(70%)的患者年齡小於50歲。十四名患者(61%)是女性。通過轉診醫院,所有患者均報告為先前健康狀況良好,沒有病史或使用藥物可能導致血栓形成的病史,但有1名有深靜脈血栓病史的患者,和1名已知有深靜脈血栓病史的患者除外。服用聯合口服避孕藥。所有患者均在就診前6至24天(中位數為12天)接受了第一劑ChAdOx1 nCoV-19疫苗。在某些患者中明顯出現輕度瘀青和瘀斑。在一些腦靜脈血栓形成的患者中發現了繼發性腦出血。1例未出現血栓形成的患者俱有臨床上明顯的瘀傷,但無其他出血表現。
研究中的23位患者的臨床和實驗室特徵。
在22例出現血栓形成的患者中,
13例的臨床特徵與腦靜脈血栓形成一致(1例並發急性門靜脈血栓和肺栓塞),
4例發生了肺栓塞( 1例同時伴有深靜脈血栓形成),
1例伴有深靜脈血栓形成和雙側腎上腺出血,
2例缺血性中風影響了大腦中動脈區域,
2例伴有門靜脈血栓形成(1例並發急性心肌梗死和1例同時並發急性心肌梗死影像上的主動脈血栓形成)。
在就診時接受血小板輸注或基於肝素的治療的患者中發生了與進展相關的其他血栓形成事件。在整個研究,有7名患者(30%)死亡。一項針對一名患者的事後評估結果顯示,發現許多小血管,特別是肺部和腸道,腦靜脈和靜脈竇的血管中有血栓形成,以及廣泛的腦出血的證據。
在所有23例患者中,抗PF4抗體的ELISA是在給予基於肝素的治療之前獲得的樣品上進行的。儘管用HemosIL AcuStar HIT IgG分析進行的HIT測試在所有接受測試的9例患者中均為陰性,但23例患者中有22例抗PF4抗體的ELISA呈陽性。
#疫苗接種5至30天後出現血栓形成和血小板減少症之檢測測與治療建議流程
這篇報告提到,出現急性非典型血栓形成(主要累及腦靜脈和並發血小板減少症)的大多數年輕,檢測到與肝素治療無關的 #抗PF4抗體。所有患者出現時的d-二聚體值均比急性靜脈血栓栓塞症患者的預期水平值高得多,通常在癌症患者中才會觀察到。
文中使用的非常保守的 #d-Dimer Cut-off value為4000 FEU,選擇該選項以確保不會遺漏病例,並考慮對其進行進一步檢查,以免可能會漏掉該綜合症狀的嚴重程度。在所有患者中,均在第一劑ChAdOx1 nCoV-19疫苗接種後6至24天出現症狀。
目前描述與肝素治療無關的病理性抗PF4抗體的罕見檢測的數據有限。此外,抗PF4抗體的分析似乎對給定的測定是特異性的。在這篇研究中,使用功能性HIT測定法對抗PF4抗體的ELISA結果進行了確認。這種疫苗誘導的綜合症狀患者的臨床特點是更典型的患者HIT提前看到的再暴露於肝素,包括嚴重的血小板減少症,血栓形成咄咄逼人,和瀰漫性血管內凝固病變(D.I.C)
在一般人群中接種SARS-CoV-2疫苗後,血小板減少症的風險和靜脈血栓栓塞的風險似乎並不高於基本值風險,這一發現與該綜合症狀的罕見和偶發性相符。此外,在某些患者中,接種疫苗48至72小時後出現頭痛,發燒和肌肉酸痛。這項研究中報導的事件似乎很少見,並且在進行進一步分析之前,很難預測誰可能受到影響。首次接種疫苗後超過5天出現症狀,反映出類似於HIT的免疫學模式。
治療:
建議考慮使用非肝素類抗凝劑(如argatroban ,danaparoid,fondaparinux或直接口服抗凝劑)進行抗凝。靜脈免疫球蛋白(IVIG)已成功用於治療“自發性”自身免疫性HIT的患者,這是與該疫苗誘發的綜合症候最接近的比較,並且IVIG有望具有直接的抗體介導的毒性作用。與血漿而非白蛋白進行血漿交換也可以有效地暫時降低病理性抗體的水平,並就血纖維蛋白原減少症對凝血功能障礙提供一定的糾正。
繼續閱讀:
https://reurl.cc/OXa8Dg
本文原文於2021年4月16日在NEJM.org上發布。
Scully M. et al. Pathologic Antibodies to Platelet Factor 4 after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccination
https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa2105385?articleTools=true
同時也有2部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過139萬的網紅Jessica Vu,也在其Youtube影片中提到,Hi all! I know I've been away for a while and it's mainly because I've been traveling ^^ but what do u all think of my new intro?? lmk!! FOLLOW ME! ...
cut off value 在 Crisel Consunji - Artist / Educator Facebook 的精選貼文
“Share one of your toughest challenges as a business owner.”
—
Most people think that handling a “crisis” during the pandemic (see my post yesterday), or having had to close down two centres during socio-political upheaval are the toughest challenges I’ve had to go through.
Yes, those were difficult. But there’s one more experience that I haven’t shared.
One of the hardest things I’ve ever had to deal with was facing my team after the announcement of a pay cut.
This was exactly a year ago— at the height of the uncertainty of the pandemic. In the face of ensuring we would be able to survive longer, a short-term pinch was required.
Nevertheless, it was still one of the most painful experiences I’ve had to go through in six years (of running a business). I didn’t know what I could say to make things better. All I knew was that hardworking people didn’t go home with their full salary that month, and it hurt.
These people turned out to be real heroes, though. Our teammates told us that in spite of all uncertainties, they would stand by our side as we painstakingly steered our course. If our company is still standing, it is because they stood by us when they could have chosen not to.
My gratitude to them keeps me persevering. If THEY didn’t give up, neither should I. So when people wonder how I manage working for weeks with barely a day off, a big part is because I am driven to make sure I value the collective sacrifice of the team...
And of course, to ensure that, God help us, they will always go home each month with all that their hard work is due 💪🏼
#entrepreneurship
cut off value 在 Foodeverywhere Facebook 的最佳貼文
I made a general chicken rice ball video on Tiktok malaysia with hope to start introducing my quest in search for the best chicken rice ball and this one happened in Wilson Chicken Rice but it's one thing posting on tiktok and another thing when it comes to deliberation of good meal of chicken rice ball.
While photos and videos can be made ambiguous when it comes to chicken rice ball since they would all look the same, it pretty much comes down to a proper review and thought comparisons when it comes to the flavour profile as well as the value for money (and in some case, value of calorie intake if that's your concern).
To start this review, let's make it clear that Wilson chicken rice is one with many years of establishment experience if not the oldest in Melaka. They've been around long enough to be a benchmark for chicken rice staple but it's not their thing to be making rice ball. Most people wouldn't relate chicken rice balls to Wilson chicken rice at least- they've been known for selling cleats of "loose" chicken rice, as well as one of the other specialties, the crispy and crunhy deep fried intestine. locals or patrons within the neighborhood with no that Wilson chicken rice snowballs their rice into balls during weekends so this once a week affair can be pretty precious if anyone so happened to be loving their version of rice balls. Myself personally is not a fan (and will not be one) of their rice balls after tasting it, and comparing it with the rest within the list of #sycookiesxcrb.
Rice texture wasn't astounding but is not shocking horrid. It's bland and mushy that's for sure, and it could really use more garlic and chicken fragrant. Same goes to the chilli sauce, which in my opinion place a very important role in elevating a good chicken rice experience. I've had their "loose" rice with the same chilli and I do feel that the chilli goes slightly better with the "loose" rice instead of the rice balls. There's a heavy acidic from the vinegar in the chili and while such acerbic is acceptable to cut through the oiliness from the chicken, at the same time can be overpowering the already not so outstanding and underwhelming flavour profile of their rice. One thing I'm certainly fond off is the large bowl of soup that accompanies my meal- a simple, light and refreshing soy bean soup.
Wilson chicken rice (Melaka Baru branch)
No 2, Jalan Melaka Baru 20, Taman Melaka Baru, 75350 Batu Berendam, Melaka
cut off value 在 Jessica Vu Youtube 的精選貼文
Hi all! I know I've been away for a while and it's mainly because I've been traveling ^^ but what do u all think of my new intro?? lmk!!
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WOOOOOOOOW ok so let me just tell yall I love Los Angeles so much like ??? when we landed I was so amazed......the diversity? The weather?? perfection. i can't even remember the last time I saw more than 5 Asians in the same room in Florida ?
If you know me, you know I value ambition (I'm an INTJ btw). And literally everyone in L.A. has that ☁️ Do you ever meet someone and just fall in love with how much of a dreamer they are? I think it's so admirable and brave to be a dreamer, especially when going to college has become the much more respected and conventional route. But doing something you love without giving a ? about money or what people think? I think that's something worth respecting too.
I met so many amazing people not only in L.A. but also in San Francisco! Gen Beauty was so fun and it was so weird and cool to be approached, like, woah there are actual people that watch my videos ? Sometimes it's easy to forget that so many real breathing homo sapiens value what I have to offer and I am so grateful and humbled for you to even deem me worthy of your time.
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