[今日寫呢啲] 今日真係快講,篇文都3000字,況且似乎唔應該免費preview講太多。不過都講返,最新堆出埋聲音版同影片版,覺得我寫嘢又長又煩嘅不妨試聽,有免費sample(https://bityl.co/7AoN)。嫌我把聲仆街嘅?(真係有人咁講過),放心,唔係我把聲。
==============
月頭訂最抵!2021比別人知得多。subscribe now(https://bityl.co/4Y0h)。Ivan Patreon,港美市場評點,專題號外,每日一圖,好文推介。每星期6篇,月費80,半年已1600人訂! 畀年費仲有85折
==============
講返,今日(星期五)恒指季檢,照計都冇乜好講,近年已經極難玩。如果咩騰訊700友邦1299跌落嚟咪買嘅好機會。識玩梗係留意入港股通嗰兩隻,開埋名畀你都得,醫渡科技2158同心通醫療2160,好彩嘅下星期都仲有得玩。但至於具體點操作就訂Patreon先有了。留意市況唔係好就,量力而為,唔好輸錢又嘈又抽我水。好心啦,咁撚大個人,為自己嘅決定負少少責任得唔得?咁聽話?我叫你訂Patreon 40蚊你唔即訂?
美股嘅,麻麻地,特別科技股。你見明明ADP就業數據好好,但又恥笑一次舊年講乜鬼「股市同實體經濟脫節」嗰啲友。係喎,舊年經濟好差但股票狂升,咁一樣啦,而家經濟好好點解股市唔可以跌?今年美股有咁升幅我都幾意外。
但更重要係,推咗個「美版盈富基金」嘛!乜東東?自己睇新聞,懶嘅就睇我Patreon我餵埋你。咪舊年美聯儲局除咗無限印錢買國債,仲有入埋市買企業債買ETF的。咪好似港版咁,要甩身咯,不過似乎唔係賣返畀散戶喎。
但其實規模幾大?梗係細。但擔心下一步係數水嘛。加埋剛剛咪講咗ADP就業數據好,你見債息即時上的。
之後,美國好似加大咗個制裁名單,唔畀買股票之類。我都冇細睇,但不重要。固然中概股好多震散,但有堆根本都係科技股,況且很多都係比較……你懂的。至於香港上市嗰堆?新加好似冇乜,況且舊年都畀你睇到,沽壓一陣就過,根本係大平賣 中移動941 中海外688,賺唔少的。你禁止佢買水泥定禁佢起鐵塔?
仲有,反而我覺得應該睇阿里巴巴。又係自己睇最新進展。當然睇淡嘅覺得螞蟻畀人閹咗啦,六隻(?)腳得返三隻。但半杯水啦,擺明就係講掂數,有得你玩仲唔還神?而股價一早反映六隻腳冇晒咁滯。我有錢我都去買(可惜我冇)
個股,DropBox,值得鳩威,舊年年尾已經話併購對象。最新咪搞局基金Elliot入局,咁呢啲對沖基金,入局不外乎係要你派特別息(中巴!),拆售業務(東亞!),否則換走管理層之類。不過留意返,一來DropBox冇業務好拆,二來亦冇乜錢派息(但有回購的),三來創辦人趕唔走(同股不同權嘛!)。咁所以,都係只係勸下佢兇下佢賣盤。有乜人買?睇Patreon咪知。但舊年SalesForce買Slack畀咗23倍price to sales,DropBox而家5倍。固然冇直接可比,但just saying.
BTW,舊年年尾已經寫文話賣盤。固然我都係睇其他報導(唔通我識管理層?雖然我係付費用戶)。但!咪就係首先我幫你睇晒所有嘢!二來我仲要揀啲重要嘅出嚟,幫你整合埋,整埋圖,廣東話解埋你知,而家讀埋畀你聽,呢啲咪價值!
Lastly,發夢股 aka meme股,AMC及其他。都冇乜好討論,Gamestop翻版咁,貴客自理。不過我記得3月後啲買契媽股嘅都叫晒救命,而明明我堆嘢日日創新高。
但講返,AMC個情況,梗係識玩,高位配股啦。但又有人要喎,咁咪好,就真係死都變返生。Cheap Funding嘛,逃過執笠。
但點計都好,啲估值都天價,而你咪只係吹話咩重開戲院啦。都要量化。而家隻嘢應該大過標普指數50-60%嘅公司,例如已經大過盈富基金嘅管理人道富State Street。「挑道富呢啲舊經濟股」,但AMC又新經濟?況且,你睇下收入同純利爭幾遠。「挑買股票睇前景嘛」。咁你又可以睇下,即使最好景嗰時,AMC到底有幾多收入幾多錢賺咁大把。文入面有寫。
當然你話乜都唔使睇嘅,咪祝你好運,錢你自己嘅。不過我就算睇meme stock,都只係睇大麻,太空,同埋齋滷味
最後快手跟進之前講過幾隻嘢。理文化工746真係寫完就逆市連升兩日,仲要創新高,唔知係咪啲讀者買上去。但我就絶對自己冇的。入面有講點解睇好
三星隻房託ETF 3187又新高了,不再多講,升好多就唔會,但應該好過你做定期存款。仲有,記得抽ibond
最後,雷蛇1337,昨日都講預會插穿批股價。其實年頭推嗰時都話唔信間公司,只係見到夠殘,又多嘢吹,又做回購。不過識玩呀,回購就頂住個股價。然後就大股東自己賣舊股。咁都仲唔明?
==============
月頭訂最抵!2021比別人知得多。subscribe now(https://bityl.co/4Y0h)。Ivan Patreon,港美市場評點,專題號外,每日一圖,好文推介。每星期6篇,月費80,半年已1600人訂! 畀年費仲有85折
==============
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過4萬的網紅李根興 Edwin商舖創業及投資分享,也在其Youtube影片中提到,《MIT 知識分享: 建立爆炸性的生意七步方程式》 做生意要記住呢條formula .... 全文: 現在我身處於波士頓的MIT,剛上完一課 Business Platform 如何建立生意平台。 我猜要拍完這短片已經回到香港了,趁還在這個美麗的背景我就先和你分享一下。 不說不知...
dropbox price 在 李根興創業之友 Edwin's Entrepreneur-Friends Facebook 的精選貼文
《MIT 知識分享: 建立爆炸性的生意七步方程式》
做生意要記住呢條formula ....
全文:
現在我身處於波士頓的MIT,剛上完一課 Business Platform 如何建立生意平台。 我猜要拍完這短片已經回到香港了,趁還在這個美麗的背景我就先和你分享一下。
不說不知,MIT 今年是全球排名第一的大學,根據教授 Catherine Tucker 及 Pierre Azoulay,做生意你要記住以下 formula.
Your Offering 你提供予客人的產品/服務:
(1) Stand Alone Benefit 本身的好處
+ (2) Same-Side Network Effect 同一邊的網絡效應
+ (3) Cross-Side Network Effect 跨邊網絡效應
- (4) Price 價錢
- (5) Switching Cost 轉移成本
- (6) Multi-Homing Cost 多方持有成本
has to be greater than 必要大過
(7) Competitor's Offering (Net of Price) 競爭對手給予人客的價值(扣除價錢)
首先說明,今次會比較沉悶,比較學術,但都要逐一逐一跟你解釋一下以上formula。在教室內,我們就先看看依家全世界哪一間公司最值錢。
根據2018年 Interbrand Best Global Brands 排名,全球首十名的品牌加起來總值超過9000億美金,當中6個品牌都是教授所指的 Platform Business 平台生意。十年前? 只有3個。
教授話做生意,你可以在一個 Product 產品的生意,或是一個 Platform 平台的生意?
Product 就好像一條pipeline 管道,先要入貨,加工,出貨,再收錢,一步步來的。
Platform 平台生意,就是大家一起將貨品放上去,而
(1) 有第三方參與
(2) 大家直接交流/交易
(3) 最好的平台,就是即使你什麼都不做,坐著都會有錢收。
例如一間普通的茶餐廳是Product 生意,先入貨,加工,出貨,再收錢。並非平台,因為多人吃,不會增加其他食客的價值,而食客與食客之間均沒有任何直接交流。但如果舉辦一個speed dating night (快速約會之夜),男跟女每五分鐘喝一杯奶茶就轉個對象談天,每人收費$200,一年內結婚就再收多兩萬,當然如何監管乃是題外話,這就是一個平台 platform 生意。因為有三方參與(男同女),他們可以直接交流,情投意合的話還可以直接"交易"結帳, 平台基本上什麼也沒幹便有錢收。
High tech點,Google是一個 Search Platform 搜尋平台。但如果你去 Google search 這五個字,包括 Business Services, Bail Bonds, Casino, Lawyer, Asset Management,平均你每click一下,無論你有沒有光顧也好,該公司便會因為你的那一下click而需要繳付超過50元美金廣告費予Google,所以如果你討厭那一間公司,便不斷click他吧。
2018年 Google的廣告收入超過1100億美金, 因此Google並不是一間search engine或科技公司,而主要是一間廣告公司, 9成收入都是靠廣告收入。這亦是教授所指,最好的平台收入。什麼都沒有做,只要用家搜尋資料,click一下,就有錢收。現在的Google就是這樣,每年被click一萬二千億次。
售賣衫褲並非平台,因為只有一買一賣,沒有第三方。地產經紀,僱傭中介或Dating公司雖然有第三方,亦不是完整的平台,因為客人大家都不能夠直接參與交流或者交易,始終有個中間人。包括 我司的商舖基金也是一樣,因此我們與他們都只可以被名為擬似平台 "Platformy",但並非完全是平台。
但如果像Amazon,Facebook, Uber,Apple雙方或以上可以直接交流/交易,就是真正完整的平台full platform,再加入科技元素,只要夠聰明,生意便能夠做到好大。可惜絕大部分人都失敗。為什麼呢? 要重溫一下以上的formula。
(1) 要人客買你的產品,產品先要有好的stand-alone benefit 本身有好處。 賣衫賣褲賣美容賣教育賣飲食賣車賣樓賣穿梭機也好,客人使用你的產品後一定會覺得比沒有使用來得好,他才會選擇購買。這一點不難明白。但即使多十萬個其他人客購買呢? 對於人客使用該產品的得益並無明顯影響。假如我去你的茶餐廳食飯,好像大家樂般,即使多十萬個人食,該碟飯對於那人的價值都是一樣。 因此他的WTP (Willingness-To-Pay) 並不會願意付更多錢。
(2) 加 Same-Side Network Effect 同一邊的網絡效應。如果全世界只有你一個人有Facebook, 無論Facebook如何記存你的美好回憶,你都未必會日日用。只是因為你有好多朋友用,Facebook 對於你的價值才會大大提升。以前的傳真機,座枱電話,今日的Microsoft Office, Iphone, Android, Dropbox 都一樣,越多人用,對你的價值就提升,Same Side 大家身處同一邊。
(3) 加 Cross-Side Network Effect 跨邊網絡效應,就是因為乘客多了,Uber 司機就相對增加。因為多人使用Visa / Master, 收咭的商戶就相對增加。因為多人使用iphone, AppStore的Apps Developer就相對增加,因為Apps多,又使到更多人用 iphone,雖然兩者係唔同邊,大家都循環再循環地增大。
看看這幅圖,純粹 Stand Alone Benefit,無論有多少user ,用家的 Willingness-To-Pay願意付出的價錢都差唔多。但只要有了 Network Effect, 隨著用家越多,他們的Willingness-To-Pay 就大大提升了,亦都解釋了為何 Platform Business 價值的爆炸力遠遠大於 Product Business
而最好的平台基本上係什麼都不用做,就好像你每次付款,Uber就收司機兩成交易費,Visa/Master收商戶2%,Apple就收 Apps開發商3成費用。Google? 你每次Click一Click, 他就收商戶高達五十元美金廣告費! 做平台成功是否很好呢?! 這才是真正的地產霸權! 你個電話這幾吋的螢幕,才真正是21世紀塊地。
知道你的產品或平台有什麼好處,就要(4) 減 Price。以上都曾經提過,你收多少錢呢?
(4.1) 你收誰人的錢呢? 哪一個party是less price sensitive對價格沒那麼敏感呢? 誰有 deep pocket 大量金錢呢? 一般當然是大企業或為了賺錢的商家便願意付錢多於一般普羅大眾。
(4.2) 誰人定價? 就如樓盤放售網站,劃一收費定價每月登每個盤200元? 就如Uber/Google 按需求來定價? 就如補習老師/網球教練,讓他們按自己的資歷定價? 或者就如 Priceline / ebay 般,由買家定價?
(4.3) 如何收費呢? 收費可以按次交易收費,可以按月按年subscription收費,可以現時流行的 Freemium Model, 即是先免費,吸引用家試用後,想再増加function再開始收費。
無論怎樣收費也好,要緊記,即使你定到最便宜的價錢,免費也好,都未必夠。因為你要由競爭對手處轉落你身上,人客都仍然要有switching cost 及 multi-homing cost.
(5) 再減 Switching Cost 轉移成本,即是如果轉去用你的新產品,例如打字的 keyboard新排法,人客是否需要從新學習呢? 由iphone的IOS 轉落你的 Samsung Android電話,是否需要花好多時間呢? 要緊記,不單止他,還有他的朋友呢? 如Facebook,是否需要全部人一齊轉呢? 要的話,switching cost就超級大了。
再減 (6) Multi-Homing Cost 多方持有成本,即是如果人客同時用兩款產品,是否需要很大成本呢? 我同時subscribe to Dropbox 及 Google Drive,最多付費兩次,但file save 在兩邊我並不會感到太麻煩,反而會感到有保障,Multi-Homing Cost 較低。但如果我同時一邊用 Apple iPhone,另一邊又用 Samsung Android 電話,或者一邊用Blu-Ray 另一邊又用HD-DVD看電影,我可能會感到很麻煩,機又要多部,買碟又要多隻,電話入資料又要入多次,App 可能很多都唔同,這樣Multi-Homing Cost 就會好高,等於逼我二選其一,或者索性不會嘗試新產品。
如果 Switching Cost 大,Multi-Homing Cost 又大的話,一個平台,例如Facebook / Microsoft 等,獨大機會就會大了。
簡單來說,就當你是一間舉辦 speed dating的茶餐廳,你產品的 (1) Stand Alone Benefit (假設是100元,因為有食物有飲品)
+ (2) Same-Side Network Effect (假設是300元,因為可以認識異性)
+ (3) Cross-Side Network Effect (假設是0元, 因為除男與女以外,並沒其他供應商會來)
- (4) Price (假設是每人收費200元)
- (5) Switching Cost (假設是20元,因為新客要學習speed dating 的新流程,乘車都要用錢)
- (6) Multi-Homing Cost (假設近乎0元,因為人客四處嘗試也沒所謂)
has to be greater than
(7) Competitor's Offering (Net of Price) 競爭對手給予人客價值(減除售價) (假設是40元, 因為他們只有食物,不能夠認識異性,值100元,但收費60蚊)
100+300+0-200-20-0 = 180,即是大於 40,那麼你就有生意做。
但如果你沒有network effect那300元,或者價錢收得太貴,又或者人客的switching cost太大(例如要說法文,但人客都不懂得說),加減起來低過競爭對手那40元net value 的話,你就無生意做了。
除非你把 Price 減至0,甚至乎負數,即是貼錢吸引人客來你那邊體驗,他一試之後, switching cost 去第二邊便會提升了,這叫 "lock-in",就好像第一次使用Alipay有紅包送一樣,那你就可以蝕前賺後了。
雖說來容易,但在今時今日競爭激烈的社會,蝕前賺後的策略,需要十分大的資本投入,才能夠建立到critical mass 達到有顯著的 Network Effect。教室內稱之為 Penguin Effect 企鵝效應。就如所有企鵝都看到海中有魚食,但第一隻跳下去的話,好容易便會被海豹吃掉,所以大家都不會跳下去,一直等一直等,分分鐘隨時餓死。你建立platform做生意,便要令到這一班企鵝願意同一時間跳入海,互相掩護底下大家都能夠有魚吃,產生 network effect。但你若不能夠吸引牠們一次過跳入海,當第一隻犧牲後,第二隻便不敢跳下去,那你的平台便完蛋了。
這個亦是為何很多平台死亡的原因,可以花費很多億,很多users, 但依然蝕本。Spotify音樂串流平台,過去十年便蝕了超過30億美金。Uber差不多同期就蝕了過百億美金。你又能否蝕得起呢?
最後,並不要因為我說出的蝕本數字嚇到了。輸得大,賠得大,新來最值錢的公司應該全部都會是平台的生意。你並不一定要玩那麼大,我自己做商舖基金都一樣,先做好product的生意,再發展平台 platform,先買舖賺錢,再讓人客多點trade in and out 基金,以戰養戰,總比什麼也沒有的情況下就向難度挑戰來得容易吧。
總之緊記以上七步formula, 1加2加3減4減5減6大過7,這麼容易記,希望對你日後做生意如何計算,亦有所啟發。
買舖/租舖/放舖/投資商舖基金熱線: 28301111 或 whatsapp +852 90361143
盛滙商舖基金 Bridgeway 網頁 www.bwfund.com
李根興創業之友 https://www.facebook.com/EdwinNetwork/
李根興商舖之友 https://www.facebook.com/edwinprimeshop/
李根興 youtube 商舖創業及投資分享商舖創業及投資分享https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEN66AnLghXESgCDIsz-3Nw
#做生意的方程式,#商舖, #李根興,
dropbox price 在 恶魔婷婷 哈拉日记 Facebook 的最讚貼文
The accelerating pace of digital transformation has raised consumer expectations to unprecedented levels, and is causing every organization to rethink how they engage with their customers. According to a recent survey by IDC¹, 72 percent of businesses reported that improving document processes would increase customer satisfaction, yet 80 percent of those processes still rely on paper. Companies focused on great experiences can no longer afford to be mired in document processes that are slow and inefficient. Their customers need and want a better way.
Adobe (Nasdaq:ADBE) today unveiled the first integration between Adobe Sign and Adobe Marketing Cloud, eliminating the cost and frustration of manual, paper-based process for enrollment, onboarding and servicing across the customer journey. Adobe Sign (formerly Document Cloud eSign services) features an upgraded and modernized mobile app experience, and works seamlessly with Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) Forms - a key part of Adobe Marketing Cloud - helping organizations to go completely digital with anything from credit card applications to government benefit forms or medical forms. And building on widespread adoption in Europe, Adobe is rolling out new data centers and meeting the most stringent legal requirements in the EU, part of a global expansion that will continue through 2016.
Adobe also announced new Document Cloud storage integrations with Box and Microsoft OneDrive, which make it easier to access and work on PDF files from anywhere, as well as new features for Adobe Acrobat DC subscribers, delivering on the promise of ongoing innovation and value through Document Cloud.
“Every company and organization should be laser-focused on delivering the best customer experience possible, and the best experience does not involve paper,” said Bryan Lamkin, executive vice president and general manager, Digital Media at Adobe. “Today we further strengthen the value that Adobe Document Cloud and Adobe Sign bring to our global customers as the only complete solution that transforms paper-based transactions into 100 percent digital workflows.”
“Talking to businesses and partners around Asia Pacific, I see a real sense of urgency around transforming customer experience by making it seamless, pain-free, and accessible across all devices and touchpoints,” said Michael Stoddart, Director of Digital Media, Adobe Asia Pacific. “In its annual predictions for 2016, IDC believes that by the end of the year, 60 percent of the top 1000 enterprises in APAC will have digital transformation (DX) at the center of their corporate strategy, with a majority even creating an independent position to oversee the DX strategy implementation. Adobe is working with businesses across the region to help them create points of differentiation by making their core processes more customer-centric.”
At the heart of Document Cloud is Acrobat DC, the world’s best PDF solution; Adobe Sign, the leading e-signature solution that allows anyone to electronically sign and send documents from any device; and powerful companion mobile apps. More than six billion digital and electronic signature transactions are processed through Document Cloud each year, including global businesses like AmerisourceBergen, The Royal Bank of Scotland and Verizon and businesses in Asia Pacific like Stratton, one of Australia’s largest car and asset finance brokers, which rely on Document Cloud and Adobe Sign for fast, secure and mobile e-signatures.
“At Royal Bank of Scotland, we put our customers’ experience first when rolling out new services to make their lives a little easier,” said Ankit Chhajer, Digital Lead – Customer Experience and Sales Innovation, Royal Bank of Scotland. “Building on our broad adoption of Adobe Marketing Cloud, we are now turning to Adobe Document Cloud and Adobe Sign to create an elegant, hassle free customer experience that rivals none other.”
“Electronic signatures have reduced paperwork turnaround time from days to minutes, helping sales consultants finalize financing quickly,” said Andrew Lawrence, Software Development Manager, stratton. “Technology has always been a way for us to set ourselves apart, and we expect the new integrations in Adobe Sign will offer critical business services that we can use to close deals faster.”
Introducing Powerful New Capabilities with Adobe Sign
Adobe Sign is the fast, easy, secure way to bring trusted e-signatures to every organization and department including HR, sales, IT, legal and procurement, to name a few. New functionality includes:
· Transforming digital experiences – The integration between Adobe Sign and Experience Manager Forms turns complex, form-based processes into simple, engaging, mobile-optimized digital experiences across the entire customer journey. This includes how a person discovers the right form that they need, fills it out easily and successfully on any device, electronically signs it, and gets status updates once it is submitted. Using the integration between Adobe Sign and Adobe Marketing Cloud, organizations can provide responsive, adaptive experiences, enable personalization to continually improve the user experience with Adobe Target, and analyze and optimize performance with Adobe Analytics. Government, financial services and healthcare are just a few of the industries that will benefit from this service.
· Furthering global e-signature and digital signature adoption – Building on widespread adoption in Europe, and as part of a global rollout, new data centers are now live in the EU. With a secure, standards-based approach, Adobe Sign meets the most stringent legal requirements so European organizations can go digital in compliance with eIDAS, the new EU signature regulation set to take effect in July 2016.
· Delivering enhanced mobile signing – Sending, tracking and managing documents on tablets and smartphones is now easier than ever with the Adobe Sign app for iOS and Android (formerly Adobe eSign Manager DC). An updated dashboard and improved send for signature workflow enable users to be even more productive on any device.
Rapidly Expanding Document Cloud Partner Ecosystem
Adobe is focused on enabling people to use Document Cloud with solutions they already use as part of their day-to-day work. Document Cloud already offers integrations with industry leaders like Apttus, Dropbox, Salesforce, Workday, and more. Adobe today is unveiling integrations with best-in-class cloud storage providers Box and Microsoft, along with new and expanded Adobe Sign integrations that span key business solutions and workflows.
· Box – New offerings integrate Acrobat DC, Acrobat Reader and Adobe Sign with Box to simplify document workflows, as well as e-signature processes for enterprises. Whether users start from Box or Adobe, with just a few clicks they will be able to view and edit PDFs without any downloading, and ensure that the latest version is automatically secured in Box. Additionally, users can open Box files directly in Adobe Sign to provide an electronic signature on important contracts and paperwork, centralizing all updates in Box and streamlining the approval process.
· Microsoft OneDrive – New integration with Acrobat DC, Acrobat Reader and Microsoft OneDrive allows organizations to access and work on PDF files stored in OneDrive directly from within the Adobe apps. With a few clicks in Acrobat on the desktop, users can view and work on PDF files stored in OneDrive while ensuring documents always remain synced. In addition, iOS users can access PDFs in OneDrive from the Acrobat Reader mobile app via the universal document picker, enabling them to work with PDF files anywhere.
· Salesforce – The latest release of Adobe Sign significantly improves a user’s experience. Expected to be available in beta in May 2016, the update features the enhanced Salesforce Lightning user experience across any device, plus support for customizing the app with the drag-and-drop interface of Salesforce Lightning Components—while also providing compelling new features like signing groups and hybrid signing order. SteelBrick, recently acquired by Salesforce, also has an existing integration with Adobe Sign for helping speed the Configure Price Quote (CPQ) process.
· Adobe Sign Ecosystem Momentum – Many new and updated integrations significantly expand the Adobe Sign ecosystem across common enterprise solutions—such as business process automation, contract lifecycle management and enterprise resource planning—and include Advanced Software Concepts (ASC), Buildium, McKesson Contract Manager, Namely, Oracle, SciQuest, SpringCM, and ThinkSmart.
Ongoing Innovation with Subscription to Acrobat DC
At the heart of Document Cloud, a subscription to Acrobat DC delivers instant access to new features and enhancements as soon as they’re available. Today, Adobe introduced:
· Updated tools for everyday use – Modernized commenting and annotation tools are now fully updated with an intuitive, touch-friendly interface that makes it easier than ever to give and get fast, clear feedback; a highlighter pen can now mark up scanned documents without the need for optical character recognition (OCR); and paper-to-digital workflows like scanning are now optimized to deliver the best results.
· Unrivaled accessibility – Adobe is adding critical menu and dialog updates to enhance the experience for users with visual impairments who rely on Acrobat DC to work with PDFs. The Home view and Save As options can now be read aloud by screen readers for greater accessibility.
· Streamlined deployment – Adobe team and enterprise customers can now deploy and update Acrobat DC with Creative Cloud apps using the Adobe Creative Cloud packager.
Pricing and Availability
· The new Adobe Sign capabilities are expected to be available to customers in May 2016. Find out more.
· The new Acrobat features will be automatically available to subscribers of Acrobat DC in May 2016. Find out more.
· The ability to add a Box account to Acrobat DC and Acrobat Reader on desktop is expected by the end of May 2016. The ability for Acrobat Reader mobile users on iPhone and iPad to select Box as their preferred cloud service from the iOS document picker is expected by the end of June 2016. Initial access to Acrobat DC and Adobe Sign from the Box website is expected by the end of May 2016, with deeper integration expected by Fall 2016.
· The ability to add a OneDrive account to Acrobat DC and Acrobat Reader on desktop, and the ability for Acrobat Reader mobile users on iPhone and iPad to select OneDrive as their preferred cloud storage provider from the iOS universal document picker, is expected by the end of June 2016.
¹IDC InfoBrief, sponsored by Adobe, Business Transformation Through Smarter Document Workflows, April 2016.
Helpful Links:
· Learn more about Adobe Sign
· Learn more about Adobe Sign and Experience Manager Forms for paperless onboarding
· Hear from Adobe EVP and GM Bryan Lamkin on meeting customer needs with Document Cloud
· Learn more about advancements in Document Cloud from Adobe VP of product management, Jon Perera
· Read the blog on e-signature advancements in Europe by Dan Puterbaugh, director and associate general counsel, Adobe
· Read the guest blog from Box
· Follow us on Adobe SEA Facebook page
About Adobe
Adobe is changing the world through digital experiences. For more information, visit www.adobe.com/sea.
dropbox price 在 李根興 Edwin商舖創業及投資分享 Youtube 的精選貼文
《MIT 知識分享: 建立爆炸性的生意七步方程式》
做生意要記住呢條formula ....
全文:
現在我身處於波士頓的MIT,剛上完一課 Business Platform 如何建立生意平台。 我猜要拍完這短片已經回到香港了,趁還在這個美麗的背景我就先和你分享一下。
不說不知,MIT 今年是全球排名第一的大學,根據教授 Catherine Tucker 及 Pierre Azoulay,做生意你要記住以下 formula.
Your Offering 你提供予客人的產品/服務:
(1) Stand Alone Benefit 本身的好處
+ (2) Same-Side Network Effect 同一邊的網絡效應
+ (3) Cross-Side Network Effect 跨邊網絡效應
- (4) Price 價錢
- (5) Switching Cost 轉移成本
- (6) Multi-Homing Cost 多方持有成本
has to be greater than 必要大過
(7) Competitor's Offering (Net of Price) 競爭對手給予人客的價值(扣除價錢)
首先說明,今次會比較沉悶,比較學術,但都要逐一逐一跟你解釋一下以上formula。在教室內,我們就先看看依家全世界哪一間公司最值錢。
根據2018年 Interbrand Best Global Brands 排名,全球首十名的品牌加起來總值超過9000億美金,當中6個品牌都是教授所指的 Platform Business 平台生意。十年前? 只有3個。
教授話做生意,你可以在一個 Product 產品的生意,或是一個 Platform 平台的生意?
Product 就好像一條pipeline 管道,先要入貨,加工,出貨,再收錢,一步步來的。
Platform 平台生意,就是大家一起將貨品放上去,而
(1) 有第三方參與
(2) 大家直接交流/交易
(3) 最好的平台,就是即使你什麼都不做,坐著都會有錢收。
例如一間普通的茶餐廳是Product 生意,先入貨,加工,出貨,再收錢。並非平台,因為多人吃,不會增加其他食客的價值,而食客與食客之間均沒有任何直接交流。但如果舉辦一個speed dating night (快速約會之夜),男跟女每五分鐘喝一杯奶茶就轉個對象談天,每人收費$200,一年內結婚就再收多兩萬,當然如何監管乃是題外話,這就是一個平台 platform 生意。因為有三方參與(男同女),他們可以直接交流,情投意合的話還可以直接"交易"結帳, 平台基本上什麼也沒幹便有錢收。
High tech點,Google是一個 Search Platform 搜尋平台。但如果你去 Google search 這五個字,包括 Business Services, Bail Bonds, Casino, Lawyer, Asset Management,平均你每click一下,無論你有沒有光顧也好,該公司便會因為你的那一下click而需要繳付超過50元美金廣告費予Google,所以如果你討厭那一間公司,便不斷click他吧。
2018年 Google的廣告收入超過1100億美金, 因此Google並不是一間search engine或科技公司,而主要是一間廣告公司, 9成收入都是靠廣告收入。這亦是教授所指,最好的平台收入。什麼都沒有做,只要用家搜尋資料,click一下,就有錢收。現在的Google就是這樣,每年被click一萬二千億次。
售賣衫褲並非平台,因為只有一買一賣,沒有第三方。地產經紀,僱傭中介或Dating公司雖然有第三方,亦不是完整的平台,因為客人大家都不能夠直接參與交流或者交易,始終有個中間人。包括 我司的商舖基金也是一樣,因此我們與他們都只可以被名為擬似平台 "Platformy",但並非完全是平台。
但如果像Amazon,Facebook, Uber,Apple雙方或以上可以直接交流/交易,就是真正完整的平台full platform,再加入科技元素,只要夠聰明,生意便能夠做到好大。可惜絕大部分人都失敗。為什麼呢? 要重溫一下以上的formula。
(1) 要人客買你的產品,產品先要有好的stand-alone benefit 本身有好處。 賣衫賣褲賣美容賣教育賣飲食賣車賣樓賣穿梭機也好,客人使用你的產品後一定會覺得比沒有使用來得好,他才會選擇購買。這一點不難明白。但即使多十萬個其他人客購買呢? 對於人客使用該產品的得益並無明顯影響。假如我去你的茶餐廳食飯,好像大家樂般,即使多十萬個人食,該碟飯對於那人的價值都是一樣。 因此他的WTP (Willingness-To-Pay) 並不會願意付更多錢。
(2) 加 Same-Side Network Effect 同一邊的網絡效應。如果全世界只有你一個人有Facebook, 無論Facebook如何記存你的美好回憶,你都未必會日日用。只是因為你有好多朋友用,Facebook 對於你的價值才會大大提升。以前的傳真機,座枱電話,今日的Microsoft Office, Iphone, Android, Dropbox 都一樣,越多人用,對你的價值就提升,Same Side 大家身處同一邊。
(3) 加 Cross-Side Network Effect 跨邊網絡效應,就是因為乘客多了,Uber 司機就相對增加。因為多人使用Visa / Master, 收咭的商戶就相對增加。因為多人使用iphone, AppStore的Apps Developer就相對增加,因為Apps多,又使到更多人用 iphone,雖然兩者係唔同邊,大家都循環再循環地增大。
看看這幅圖,純粹 Stand Alone Benefit,無論有多少user ,用家的 Willingness-To-Pay願意付出的價錢都差唔多。但只要有了 Network Effect, 隨著用家越多,他們的Willingness-To-Pay 就大大提升了,亦都解釋了為何 Platform Business 價值的爆炸力遠遠大於 Product Business
而最好的平台基本上係什麼都不用做,就好像你每次付款,Uber就收司機兩成交易費,Visa/Master收商戶2%,Apple就收 Apps開發商3成費用。Google? 你每次Click一Click, 他就收商戶高達五十元美金廣告費! 做平台成功是否很好呢?! 這才是真正的地產霸權! 你個電話這幾吋的螢幕,才真正是21世紀塊地。
知道你的產品或平台有什麼好處,就要(4) 減 Price。以上都曾經提過,你收多少錢呢?
(4.1) 你收誰人的錢呢? 哪一個party是less price sensitive對價格沒那麼敏感呢? 誰有 deep pocket 大量金錢呢? 一般當然是大企業或為了賺錢的商家便願意付錢多於一般普羅大眾。
(4.2) 誰人定價? 就如樓盤放售網站,劃一收費定價每月登每個盤200元? 就如Uber/Google 按需求來定價? 就如補習老師/網球教練,讓他們按自己的資歷定價? 或者就如 Priceline / ebay 般,由買家定價?
(4.3) 如何收費呢? 收費可以按次交易收費,可以按月按年subscription收費,可以現時流行的 Freemium Model, 即是先免費,吸引用家試用後,想再増加function再開始收費。
無論怎樣收費也好,要緊記,即使你定到最便宜的價錢,免費也好,都未必夠。因為你要由競爭對手處轉落你身上,人客都仍然要有switching cost 及 multi-homing cost.
(5) 再減 Switching Cost 轉移成本,即是如果轉去用你的新產品,例如打字的 keyboard新排法,人客是否需要從新學習呢? 由iphone的IOS 轉落你的 Samsung Android電話,是否需要花好多時間呢? 要緊記,不單止他,還有他的朋友呢? 如Facebook,是否需要全部人一齊轉呢? 要的話,switching cost就超級大了。
再減 (6) Multi-Homing Cost 多方持有成本,即是如果人客同時用兩款產品,是否需要很大成本呢? 我同時subscribe to Dropbox 及 Google Drive,最多付費兩次,但file save 在兩邊我並不會感到太麻煩,反而會感到有保障,Multi-Homing Cost 較低。但如果我同時一邊用 Apple iPhone,另一邊又用 Samsung Android 電話,或者一邊用Blu-Ray 另一邊又用HD-DVD看電影,我可能會感到很麻煩,機又要多部,買碟又要多隻,電話入資料又要入多次,App 可能很多都唔同,這樣Multi-Homing Cost 就會好高,等於逼我二選其一,或者索性不會嘗試新產品。
如果 Switching Cost 大,Multi-Homing Cost 又大的話,一個平台,例如Facebook / Microsoft 等,獨大機會就會大了。
簡單來說,就當你是一間舉辦 speed dating的茶餐廳,你產品的 (1) Stand Alone Benefit (假設是100元,因為有食物有飲品)
+ (2) Same-Side Network Effect (假設是300元,因為可以認識異性)
+ (3) Cross-Side Network Effect (假設是0元, 因為除男與女以外,並沒其他供應商會來)
- (4) Price (假設是每人收費200元)
- (5) Switching Cost (假設是20元,因為新客要學習speed dating 的新流程,乘車都要用錢)
- (6) Multi-Homing Cost (假設近乎0元,因為人客四處嘗試也沒所謂)
has to be greater than
(7) Competitor's Offering (Net of Price) 競爭對手給予人客價值(減除售價) (假設是40元, 因為他們只有食物,不能夠認識異性,值100元,但收費60蚊)
100+300+0-200-20-0 = 180,即是大於 40,那麼你就有生意做。
但如果你沒有network effect那300元,或者價錢收得太貴,又或者人客的switching cost太大(例如要說法文,但人客都不懂得說),加減起來低過競爭對手那40元net value 的話,你就無生意做了。
除非你把 Price 減至0,甚至乎負數,即是貼錢吸引人客來你那邊體驗,他一試之後, switching cost 去第二邊便會提升了,這叫 "lock-in",就好像第一次使用Alipay有紅包送一樣,那你就可以蝕前賺後了。
雖說來容易,但在今時今日競爭激烈的社會,蝕前賺後的策略,需要十分大的資本投入,才能夠建立到critical mass 達到有顯著的 Network Effect。教室內稱之為 Penguin Effect 企鵝效應。就如所有企鵝都看到海中有魚食,但第一隻跳下去的話,好容易便會被海豹吃掉,所以大家都不會跳下去,一直等一直等,分分鐘隨時餓死。你建立platform做生意,便要令到這一班企鵝願意同一時間跳入海,互相掩護底下大家都能夠有魚吃,產生 network effect。但你若不能夠吸引牠們一次過跳入海,當第一隻犧牲後,第二隻便不敢跳下去,那你的平台便完蛋了。
這個亦是為何很多平台死亡的原因,可以花費很多億,很多users, 但依然蝕本。Spotify音樂串流平台,過