關於 dutch communist party ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

《BBC》1/25 （饅頭主播）

* 美國總統拜登總統辦公廳主任羅恩·克萊恩批評上任聯邦政府沒有在美國各地分發疫苗的計劃。

拜登總統於上週三上任，已承諾在頭100天內注射1億支疫苗。
目前美國已超過2500萬例Covid-19病例。死亡人數約為417,500。最近幾週，在美國，每天與Covid相關的死亡人數每天超過4,000。

拜登上週簽署一系列新措施，包括加強疫苗接種和檢測。他勸說美國人一定要戴口罩，並警告死亡人數可能會更嚴重。
他說：“讓我説清楚一點，情況會在變得好轉之前繼續惡化。”

目前疫苗已分發給各州，各州和城市正在進行接種。但是有些人抱怨他們在供應方面不足，苦苦掙扎。

根據美國疾病控制和預防中心（CDC）的數據，至上星期六為止，全美已分發了約4,100萬劑，但僅施打了2,050萬劑。這本是去年底應該達到的目標。去年底美國只完成500萬劑不到的接種疫苗目標。

克萊恩先生在接受NBC新聞採訪時表示：“當我們進入白宮時，實際上並不存在分發疫苗的計劃，特別是在療養院和醫院以外的整個社區。”

他說，這未來將是一個“複雜”且艱辛的整合，但拜登政府將直接建立聯邦疫苗接種點，以幫助沒有足夠設立接種疫苗注射中心的州。

Covid-19: White House criticises 'chaotic' vaccine rollout https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-55784361

*法國上週末起實行了嚴格的宵禁，但COVID-19確診病例繼續上升。

Covid-19的科學委員會負責人Jean-Francois Delfraissy教授表示，“法國有緊急情況”，本周至關重要。

當世界越來越關注冠狀病毒新變種的蔓延之際，他呼籲法國政府迅速採取更強硬行動。

Delfraissy教授說，數據顯示，一種新的可傳播性更高的變種在英國首次被發現，它們佔法國某些地區病例的7-9％，並且將很難停止。

他說，法國的情況比歐洲其他國家要好，但他將新的變種描述為“相當於第二次大流行”。

Covid-19: Top advisor warns France at 'emergency' virus moment https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-55791389

*荷蘭軍官以水槍和催淚瓦斯攻堅埃因霍溫的示威者。因為他們無視荷蘭新的21:00（格林尼治標準時間）的宵禁聚會。

抗議者投擲了煙硝，搶劫超級市場，砸碎商店的櫥窗。在首都阿姆斯特丹，有較小的示威遊行。目前已有100多人被捕。

英國廣播公司（BBC）的Anna Holligan報導，一些示威者投擲汽油彈，搶城市自行車變成對抗警察的路障。警察最終使用催淚瓦斯清理街道。

Covid: Police and protesters clash during Dutch curfew demo https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-55788924

* 俄羅斯成千上萬的人不在乎鎮暴警察，參加週六反政府逮捕反對人士的集會。莫斯科監測員說，有3500多人被拘留。

但第二天普丁總統的發言人聲稱只有少數幾個人參加了示威。

Russia Navalny protests: Kremlin hits out at West as it downplays rallies https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-55790699

*越南共產黨選出新的政治領袖。

Vietnam's party congress picks new communist leaders https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-55728575

* 席捲澳洲東南部的熱浪使該國最大的城市氣溫飆升，並加劇了森林大火的威脅。

Heatwave sweeps Australian cities and raises bushfire danger https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-australia-55791319

* 以色列衛生部：自12月19日以來，以色列900萬人口中有四分之一以上至少已接種了一次輝瑞疫苗。

接種計劃始於老年人和其他高危人群，但40歲及以上的人現在也可以接種疫苗。

以色列希望從2月開始重新開放其經濟。
教育部發言人說，在獲得父母許可的情況下，16至18歲的兒童將包括在接種疫苗計劃內，是為了“使他們能夠返回學校並有序地舉行考試”。
Covid: Israel vaccinates 16 to 18-year-olds ahead of exams https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-55788922

還是忍不住先分享這篇了。

雖然我原先給自己的預設計畫，是先打算默默地看完這本書，再嘗試寫一點東西來告訴大家

但最近，預估我能夠讀完的時間遙遙無期
各種心情下還是忍不住先分享這篇

-----------------------------

作者 胖胖樹的熱帶雨林（Fat-Fat Tree Tropical Rainforest）用非常驚人的毅力和熱情

自己畫自己寫自己考據自己拍照
完成了這本書

能和他認識是透過這個粉專，先前某篇跟《本草綱目》有關的文字吸引(?)了他的注意，然後我才發現了這本書(笑)


目前的閱讀進度停在金雞納樹那個篇章，細細地咀嚼中
過一陣子我一定會好好的細嚼慢嚥完這本書再說些什麼的

等著吧呼呼呼呼....

《Invisible Rainforest: The Formosa Rainforest Flora》

　　Taiwan is commonly known as Formosa until 1970s. It is a beautiful island on the Eastern Pacific Ocean. The Portuguese were the first European group who reached the island of Taiwan in 1544, and named it Formosa.

　　The cultural diversity in Taiwan is like the biodiversity in tropical rainforest, which is rich and diverse. The ethnic groups that came to Taiwan at different stages have brought wide varieties of tropical plants with them which are related to living habits.

　　The aborigines who first lived in Taiwan imported many plants from Southeast Asia that we are familiar with nowadays, e.g. taro, ginger, banana, betel nut, coconut, kapok. They came to Taiwan in the prehistoric time and have lived in Taiwan for about 8,000 years.

　　From 1624 to 1662, in the era of great navigation, the Dutch and Spanish people briefly occupied Taiwan and used Taiwan as a base for trade with China, Japan, and Southeast Asia. Fruits that Taiwanese people are familiar with and are proud of, such as mango, bell-apple, custard apple, guava, and Cherry tomato, as well as chili, pepper, and tobacco were introduced to Taiwan by Dutch people during this period.

　　Between 1662 and 1895, Taiwan was part of the Chinese territory. Minnan people from Fujian Province as well as Chaozhou people and Hakka people from Guangdong Province moved into Taiwan. Carambola, grapefruit, and tung oil tree were introduced from China by South China immigrants during this period. The pineapple was also imported from the Philippines by South China immigrants during this period.

　　From 1895 to 1945, Japan ruled Taiwan for 50 years, and established several botanical gardens and research institutes throughout Taiwan to introduce large-scale experiments and cultivation of tropical plants in order to have more resources for the Japanese Empire. Rubber tree, cinchona tree for the treatment of malaria, logwood for making purple-black dyes, mahogany, and ylang-ylang were all introduced by Japanese into Taiwan.

　　From the end of the Qing Dynasty to the Japanese era, missionaries, botanists, and European traders came to Taiwan again. Although the number of people are rather small, they made a great contribution to Taiwan’s medical and scientific progresses. They also introduced some tropical plants into Taiwan. For example, Dr. George Leslie MacKay introduced variegated leaf croton and bougainvillea, and Dr. George Gushue-Taylor introduced windy oil trees for the treatment of leprosy. Coffee was introduced to Taiwan at earliest in 1884 by the British Merchants Bank.

　　The Republic of China established Taiwan Provincial Government in 1945. During the martial law period from 1949 to 1987, restrictions were imposed on all aspects. In addition, the access to information was limited. As a result, fewer tropical plants were introduced to Taiwan during this time as compared to other eras. At that time, academic and agricultural institutions were the main units that introduced plants into Taiwan. The trumpet Tree, which is now familiar to everyone, was introduced in the late 1960s.

　　There was also a Thai-Myanmar solitary army composed of ethnic minorities from southwest China. After the defeat of the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, Thai-Myanmar solitary army temporarily stayed in the Golden Triangle at the borders of Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, and eventually retreated to Taiwan in the 1950s and 1960s. In the early 1960s, a large number of Burmese Chinese immigrated to Taiwan after riots in Burma against Chinese community. They brought the tradition of Songkran Water Festival of Dai people, the spice plants, and vegetables commonly seen in Indochina to Taiwan.

　　In 1989, Taiwan for the first time allowed foreign workers to come to work in Taiwan. In the 1990s, the government also promoted the southward policy to encourage cultural exchange and economic investment with Southeast Asia. Meanwhile, many Taiwanese males with weak social and economic status chose to marry females from Southeast Asia. To date, there are about 180,000 Taiwanese new citizens from Indonesia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Thailand, Cambodia, and other ASEAN countries, and about 680,000 foreign workers from ASEAN. They have brought more vegetables, fruits, and spices that are common in Southeast Asia, enriching Taiwanese food culture.

　　These aforementioned culture traits and the history of the introduction of plants in Taiwan are extracted from my first book "Invisible Rainforest: The Formosa Rainforest Flora". This is a series of Taiwanese historical stories featuring plants as the leading actors and scientists as supporting actors. I want to share with you the history and social culture of Taiwan that I have discovered which have not been recorded in our history or social textbooks, which may have been forgotten or ignored. This book is not a challenging botanical handbook to read. It is an interesting story book. I hope that more people can understand Taiwan from a different perspective through this book. Thank you for your time!

　　台灣就是過去西方歷史中所熟悉的福爾摩沙。它是太平洋東方海上的一座美麗的島嶼。1544年葡萄牙人發現，並將台灣稱作福爾摩沙。

　　台灣的文化多樣性，彷彿熱帶雨林的生物多樣性一般，豐富且多元。不同時期來到台灣的個族群，帶來各式各樣與生活習習相關的熱帶植物。

　　最早居住在台灣的原住民，從東南亞引進了我們熟悉的芋頭、薑、香蕉、檳榔、椰子、木棉花等植物。他們從史前時期便來到台灣，在台灣活動的時間約八千年。

　　1624年至1662年，大航海時代，荷蘭人與西班牙人也曾短暫佔領台灣，以台灣作為根據地，與中國、日本及東南亞進行貿易。台灣人熟悉，甚至引以為傲的水果，例如芒果、蓮霧、釋迦、芭樂、小番茄，還有辣椒、胡椒、菸草，便是這時期荷蘭人引進台灣的植物。

　　1662年至1895年之間，台灣被納入中國版圖。源自中國福建省的閩南人與廣東省的潮州人與客家人，大量移入台灣。楊桃、柚子、油桐花便是這個時期華南移民從中國引進。而鳳梨也是這時期華南移民自菲律賓引進。

　　1895年至1945年，日本統治台灣50年，並在全台各地建立數個植物園及研究機構，大規模引進熱帶植物試驗及栽培，目的是為了開發更多資源提供日本帝國使用。橡膠樹、治療瘧疾的金雞納樹、製作紫黑色染料的墨水樹、桃花心木、香水樹等，都是日本人引進台灣的植物。

　　清朝末年至日本時代，宣教士、植物學家及歐洲的貿易商人再度來台。雖然人數不多，卻對台灣的醫療及科學進步有很大貢獻。他們也曾引進了一些熱帶植物來台灣，例如馬偕博士引進了變葉木與九重葛，戴仁壽醫生引進治療痲瘋病的大風子樹。而咖啡最早則是英商德記洋行在1884年引進台灣。

　　1945年，國民政府來台。1949至1987年，戒嚴時期，各方面限制重重，加上資訊不發達，熱帶植物引進較少。當時主要從事植物引進工作的是學術與農業單位。現在大家所熟悉的風鈴木，便是1960年代末期所引進。

　　還有一支由中國西南方少數民族組成的泰緬孤軍，國共內戰戰敗後，短暫滯留泰緬金三角，在1950至1960年代從中南半島輾轉來台。1960年代緬甸排華事件下，移民或依親方式到台灣定居的緬甸華僑。他們率先將傣族的潑水節，還有中南半島常見的香料植物與蔬菜，帶進了台灣。

　　1989年台灣首次開放外籍移工來台。1990年代政府推動南向政策，許多社會經濟條件弱勢的男性，紛紛到東南亞尋找配偶。直到今日，來自印尼、越南、菲律賓、泰國、柬埔寨等東協國家的新住民和移工，分別約18萬人和68萬人。他們帶更多東南亞常見的蔬菜、水果及香料，豐富了台灣的飲食文化。

　　上述這些文化跟植物引進史，摘要自我的第一本著作《看不見的雨林：福爾摩沙雨林植物誌》。這是一本以植物為主角、科學家為配角的台灣歷史故事集。我想藉由本書，跟大家分享我所查到、看到的那些不曾出現在我們歷史或社會課本中，被遺忘或忽略的台灣歷史與社會文化。這本書不是生硬的植物圖鑑，是一本有趣的故事書。希望透過這本書，讓更多人可以從不一樣的角度認識台灣。謝謝！