台灣最早接觸潛艦的開始,在一戰後1918年前往日本的U艇,途中停泊在澎湖馬公港,這個記錄在日本香川縣金刀比羅宮,至今保存著那幅航海地圖
中華民國海軍的潛艦部隊,始於1960年的海昌艇隊,中國人民解放軍海軍的潛艦部隊,則始於1950年代蘇聯援助的潛艇;不過,如果是日據時代住在澎湖的鄉親,他們很可能早在第一次世界大戰結束沒多久,就曾經親眼目睹過潛艇這種在二十世紀初時開始展露頭角的劃時代新武器,而且還是赫赫有名的德國U艇!
在日本四國的香川縣有一座知名神社「金刀比羅宮」,裡面供奉海上交通的守護神,因此每當有新船下水、或是船隻要執行重要任務時,造船廠、船東、船員或相關人士就會來此祭拜,祈求平安,因此神社旁邊的繪馬殿掛滿了各種軍民用船隻本身或船用發動機的圖片。
在這些圖片當中,藏著一幅做為供品的潛艇彩色圖畫。它的尺寸較大,且也許是因為掛上去的時間較久(由畫框左邊的日期可得知應於大正九年/1920年四月掛上),不但有明顯破損,下方有一部份還被日後掛上去的圖片擋住,因此較不容易引起注意,但畫框右邊的題字《舊獨逸潛水艦迴航紀念(?)》卻暗示了這幅圖畫的不凡身份;放大照片後仔細觀察,可以發現圖畫中的潛艦帆罩上有U125的編號。這艘潛艇是什麼來頭?為什麼這艘潛艇的圖畫會出現在日本供奉海上交通守護神的金刀比羅宮裡?
這一切要從第一次世界大戰說起。第一次世界大戰時,日本加入協約國陣營;1918年大戰結束,協約國戰勝,日本因此獲得分配各種戰利品的權利,當中包括分配到七艘投降的德意志帝國海軍潛艇。這七艘潛艇如下:
1. U125:UEII型大型公海佈雷潛艇,由漢堡的布洛姆-福斯造船廠建造,1918年5月24日下水,9月4日竣工服役,因為她完工的時間已經接近戰爭尾聲,所以從未投入戰鬥。
2. U46:屬於MS型量產中型潛艇,由但澤的皇帝造船廠建造,1915年5月18日下水,12月17日竣工服役。本艇在一次大戰期間共進行過11趟戰鬥巡航,主要作戰範圍是在北大西洋和巴倫支海,在服役期間可說是戰功彪炳,至少擊沉51艘協約國商船。
3. U55:屬於MS型量產中型潛艇,由基爾的日耳曼尼亞造船廠建造,1916年3月18日下水,6月8日竣工服役。本艇在一次大戰期間共進行過14趟戰鬥巡航,主要作戰範圍是在北大西洋和北海,戰果有聲有色,至少擊沉61艘協約國商船。值得一提的是,在這些被U55擊沉的商船中,有一艘喀爾巴希亞號(RMS Carpathia),1912年時她曾趕往救援在處女航中撞上冰山沉沒的鐵達尼號,並救起數百名生還者。
4. UC90:屬於UCIII型佈雷潛艇,由漢堡的布洛姆-福斯造船廠建造,1918年1月19日下水,7月15日竣工服役,因為她完工的時間已經接近戰爭尾聲,所以從未投入戰鬥。
5. UC99:屬於UCIII型佈雷潛艇,由漢堡的布洛姆-福斯造船廠建造,1918年3月17日下水,9月20日竣工服役,因為她完工的時間已經接近戰爭尾聲,所以從未投入戰鬥。
6. UB125:屬於較小型的UBIII型潛艇,由布萊梅的AG威瑟造船廠建造,1918年4月16日下水,5月18日服役。她進行過2趟戰鬥巡航,擊沉至少六艘商船。
7. UB143:屬於較小型的UBIII型潛艇,由布萊梅的AG威瑟造船廠建造,1918年8月21日下水,10月3日竣工服役,因為她完工的時間已經接近戰爭尾聲,所以從未投入戰鬥。
1918年12月,日本在英國接收這七艘潛艇,分別暫編為丸一號到丸七號(O1到O7),但不列入日本海軍軍籍。之後這些潛艇由派駐在馬爾他的第二特務艦隊負責駛回日本,她們從英國出發,由直布羅陀進入地中海,接著再通過蘇伊士運河進入紅海,然後橫越印度洋,通過麻六甲海峽後轉往北航行,其中至少有丸一號和丸六號曾中停澎湖馬公休息整補,最後所有潛艇在1919年六月抵達最後目的地橫須賀。
也許是為了感謝神明保佑這批因日本參與第一次世界大戰獲勝而取得的戰利品潛艦平安返抵國門,一個名叫香川縣人會的團體前往金刀比羅宮參拜,恭奉U125號潛艇的圖畫,感謝神明庇佑航行順利。她們這趟由歐洲到亞洲的漫長旅程,也在這幅圖畫裡被標示出來。仔細觀察圖畫中的地圖,可以發現圖上標示出一條從歐洲出發,途經蘇伊士運河,接著橫越印度洋,通過麻六甲海峽後轉往北,看得出來其中一條航線通往台灣某地,再從原地延伸出去,最後抵達日本。
這幾艘潛艇抵達日本後,主要作為技術研究、實驗和訓練使用,並對日本日後的潛艇建造領域產生實質影響,例如伊121型潛艇(1938年改稱伊21)就是直接參考U125號潛艇建造。儘管這幾艘潛艇只是以過客的身分在馬公待了幾天,和當年先輩們生活的這塊土地僅有短暫的交會,不過對我們來說,還是值得記上一筆!
Kotohira-gū shrine is a famous Japanese temple in the Kotohira in Nakatado District, Kagawa, Japan. This shrine is patron of sea ship transport and sailor. In its ema(picture-horse) there are many paintings or photos of civil or military vessels or marine engines. They were presented as offerings by people prayed for maritime safety.
In these pictures there is an old painting of U125 which could be dated back to April 1920. Why is this painting of German U-boat in a Japanese shrine?
In WWI, Japan was one of the Entente powers. The WWI ended in 1918, and the Entente powers won the war. As a result, Japan received 7 German U boats of various types as trophies. They are U125, U46, U55, UC90, UC99, UB125, and UB143.
These 7 U boats were transferred to Japan in December 1918. They were renamed as O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, and O7 respectively, but not registered as formal IJN vessels. They were operated by 2nd Special Squadron which based in Malta then. They departed from England, then entered the Mediterranean via Gibraltar, after that they went through Suez Canal and arrived the Indian Ocean. They crossed the Indian Ocean and Strait of Malacca, then headed north from Singapore. After that at least two of them, O1 and O6, had rested and supplied in Magong, Penghu. Finally they all arrived their destination, Yokosuka, Japan.
Perhaps to show Japanese people’s appreciation for this safe cruise of seven trophy submarines gained by victorious Japan in WWI, a civil group called “Kagawa Prefecture People’s Association” contributed this painting of U125 to Kotohira-gū. Their cruise route was showed in this picture.
These submarines were used for research, experiment and training. They contributed a lot for the development of Japanese indigenous submarines. For example the Japanese submarine I-121 was a direct copy of U125.
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《梁祝》鋼琴獨奏編曲暨演奏巫漪麗老師
laine Wu YiLi's "Butterfly Lovers" Piano concerto at Older But Wiser Forum
巫漪麗女士生於1931年是中國第一代鋼琴家,中國鋼琴啟蒙人之一。自幼酷愛音樂,曾隨前上海交響樂團指揮,著名鋼琴家,音樂教育家梅帕器(Maesteo Mariopaci)學習鋼琴。梅帕器是世界鋼琴大師李斯特的再傳弟子。1949年首次和上海交響樂團合作演出貝多芬第一鋼琴協奏曲反應熱烈。
1950年參加上海交響樂團擔任鋼琴獨奏家和室內樂演奏家,並任教於上海樂學院及中國福利會兒童劇團。1954年在北京中央樂團擔任獨奏家和室內樂演奏家,1962年被淘汰國家一級鋼琴演奏家,得到周恩來總理在中國海懷仁堂的親自接見。
1982年在美國深造,隨即美國鋼琴協會主席Ozan Marsh學習鋼琴表演藝術及新式“形象”的教學法,獲得“音樂家”稱號。
在她演奏李斯特,舒曼和肖邦的作品中,我們能夠做到領悟。她對中國作品深入鑽研,對樂曲的她是著名的《梁山伯與祝英台》小提琴協奏曲鋼琴部分的首創及首演者。每次演奏《松花江上》時都熱淚盈眶。改編的廣東音樂《娛樂昇平》受到熱烈歡迎。
她在伴奏工作方面一直秉承前蘇聯著名聲樂家蘇石林所教導的原則:“伴奏應該是藝術指導,而又是演奏音符,是和合作者共同進入音樂意境,是音樂背景的共同創造者,要她和著名的小提琴家孔昭暉合作演奏的五首中國樂曲錄製成CD專輯,暢銷國內外。2004年她隨新加坡“百合女聲藝術團”參加在無錫古董的第七界國際合唱她雖人到晚年,仍“老驥伏櫪,志在千里”,猶如一朵綻放開已久的玫瑰,繼續散發餘香。
巫漪麗2019年4月20日晚上10點於新加坡逝世。享年89歲。
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文字和影片取自於:https://youtu.be/c4YzLPXyV6w
Born in Shanghai, China, Mdm Elaine Wu has ardent love of music since childhood. She was the first award winner in the 1st Shanghai Children's Music competition of 1939 in shanghai after 1 year's piano study. Then she was introduced to study with the world's famous pianist, Maestro Mario Paci who is the grand pupil of Franz Liszt and conductor of former Shanghai Municipal Symphony Orchestra.
She made her debut in 1949: playing Beethoven's Piano concerto No. 1 with the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra and won extraordinary fame. She also taught in Shanghai Conservatory of music and Mdm Sun Yat-sien Children Ensemble. She also worked in the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra both as pianist and chamber musician.
In 1954 she was both the pianist and chamber musician in the Central symphony Orchestra in Beijing. She was the first pianist to play in the joint-recital with the famous violinist Yang Bim Suen. The show was warmly welcomed. She was conferred the title of "First Class National Pianist" and then the Prime Minister Zhou Enlai met her in Zhongnanhai. In order to expand music field, since 1982, she studied the art of piano performing and the new trend "Visualization Teaching Method" with Ozan Marsh, president of American Pianists Association and won the certificate of 'wonderful musician'.
Her rendering is enthusiastic delicate, good quality and variety of tone. She can express the compositions from the bottom of the music mingled with the literature, art painting and nature. She turned her ardent love of music to the unusual music.
Apart from the piano teaching and performing, she also composed and arranged numerous Chinese piano music including the piano part of the well -known violin concerto Butterfly Lovers, and Cantonese music Peace and Prosperity.
Living in Singapore, she keeps active in piano solo and accompaniment. In 2004, she joined Singapore's Bai-He Lady Chorus in the 7th International Chorus Festival in China and won award of Excellence Piano Accompaniment. Now, she is nurturing and training the adult students using the new pedagogy methods she learned in USA and is widely welcomed.
Elaine Wu passed away in Singapore on 20 April 2019 at 10pm.