📜 [專欄新文章] Uniswap v3 Features Explained in Depth
✍️ 田少谷 Shao
📥 歡迎投稿: https://medium.com/taipei-ethereum-meetup #徵技術分享文 #使用心得 #教學文 #medium
Once again the game-changing DEX 🦄 👑
Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/
Outline
0. Intro1. Uniswap & AMM recap2. Ticks 3. Concentrated liquidity4. Range orders: reversible limit orders5. Impacts of v36. Conclusion
0. Intro
The announcement of Uniswap v3 is no doubt one of the most exciting news in the DeFi place recently 🔥🔥🔥
While most have talked about the impact v3 can potentially bring on the market, seldom explain the delicate implementation techniques to realize all those amazing features, such as concentrated liquidity, limit-order-like range orders, etc.
Since I’ve covered Uniswap v1 & v2 (if you happen to know Mandarin, here are v1 & v2), there’s no reason for me to not cover v3 as well ✅
Thus, this article aims to guide readers through Uniswap v3, based on their official whitepaper and examples made on the announcement page. However, one needs not to be an engineer, as not many codes are involved, nor a math major, as the math involved is definitely taught in your high school, to fully understand the following content 😊😊😊
If you really make it through but still don’t get shxt, feedbacks are welcomed! 🙏
There should be another article focusing on the codebase, so stay tuned and let’s get started with some background noise!
1. Uniswap & AMM recap
Before diving in, we have to first recap the uniqueness of Uniswap and compare it to traditional order book exchanges.
Uniswap v1 & v2 are a kind of AMMs (automated market marker) that follow the constant product equation x * y = k, with x & y stand for the amount of two tokens X and Y in a pool and k as a constant.
Comparing to order book exchanges, AMMs, such as the previous versions of Uniswap, offer quite a distinct user experience:
AMMs have pricing functions that offer the price for the two tokens, which make their users always price takers, while users of order book exchanges can be both makers or takers.
Uniswap as well as most AMMs have infinite liquidity¹, while order book exchanges don’t. The liquidity of Uniswap v1 & v2 is provided throughout the price range [0,∞]².
Uniswap as well as most AMMs have price slippage³ and it’s due to the pricing function, while there isn’t always price slippage on order book exchanges as long as an order is fulfilled within one tick.
In an order book, each price (whether in green or red) is a tick. Image source: https://ftx.com/trade/BTC-PERP
¹ though the price gets worse over time; AMM of constant sum such as mStable does not have infinite liquidity
² the range is in fact [-∞,∞], while a price in most cases won’t be negative
³ AMM of constant sum does not have price slippage
2. Tick
The whole innovation of Uniswap v3 starts from ticks.
For those unfamiliar with what is a tick:
Source: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tick.asp
By slicing the price range [0,∞] into numerous granular ticks, trading on v3 is highly similar to trading on order book exchanges, with only three differences:
The price range of each tick is predefined by the system instead of being proposed by users.
Trades that happen within a tick still follows the pricing function of the AMM, while the equation has to be updated once the price crosses the tick.
Orders can be executed with any price within the price range, instead of being fulfilled at the same one price on order book exchanges.
With the tick design, Uniswap v3 possesses most of the merits of both AMM and an order book exchange! 💯💯💯
So, how is the price range of a tick decided?
This question is actually somewhat related to the tick explanation above: the minimum tick size for stocks trading above 1$ is one cent.
The underlying meaning of a tick size traditionally being one cent is that one cent (1% of 1$) is the basis point of price changes between ticks, ex: 1.02 — 1.01 = 0.1.
Uniswap v3 employs a similar idea: compared to the previous/next price, the price change should always be 0.01% = 1 basis point.
However, notice the difference is that in the traditional basis point, the price change is defined with subtraction, while here in Uniswap it’s division.
This is how price ranges of ticks are decided⁴:
Image source: https://uniswap.org/whitepaper-v3.pdf
With the above equation, the tick/price range can be recorded in the index form [i, i+1], instead of some crazy numbers such as 1.0001¹⁰⁰ = 1.0100496621.
As each price is the multiplication of 1.0001 of the previous price, the price change is always 1.0001 — 1 = 0.0001 = 0.01%.
For example, when i=1, p(1) = 1.0001; when i=2, p(2) = 1.00020001.
p(2) / p(1) = 1.00020001 / 1.0001 = 1.0001
See the connection between the traditional basis point 1 cent (=1% of 1$) and Uniswap v3’s basis point 0.01%?
Image source: https://tenor.com/view/coin-master-cool-gif-19748052
But sir, are prices really granular enough? There are many shitcoins with prices less than 0.000001$. Will such prices be covered as well?
Price range: max & min
To know if an extremely small price is covered or not, we have to figure out the max & min price range of v3 by looking into the spec: there is a int24 tick state variable in UniswapV3Pool.sol.
Image source: https://uniswap.org/whitepaper-v3.pdf
The reason for a signed integer int instead of an uint is that negative power represents prices less than 1 but greater than 0.
24 bits can cover the range between 1.0001 ^ (2²³ — 1) and 1.0001 ^ -(2)²³. Even Google cannot calculate such numbers, so allow me to offer smaller values to have a rough idea of the whole price range:
1.0001 ^ (2¹⁸) = 242,214,459,604.341
1.0001 ^ -(2¹⁷) = 0.000002031888943
I think it’s safe to say that with a int24 the range can cover > 99.99% of the prices of all assets in the universe 👌
⁴ For implementation concern, however, a square root is added to both sides of the equation.
How about finding out which tick does a price belong to?
Tick index from price
The answer to this question is rather easy, as we know that p(i) = 1.0001^i, simply takes a log with base 1.0001 on both sides of the equation⁴:
Image source: https://www.codecogs.com/latex/eqneditor.php
Let’s try this out, say we wanna find out the tick index of 1000000.
Image source: https://ncalculators.com/number-conversion/log-logarithm-calculator.htm
Now, 1.0001¹³⁸¹⁶² = 999,998.678087146. Voila!
⁵ This formula is also slightly modified to fit the real implementation usage.
3. Concentrated liquidity
Now that we know how ticks and price ranges are decided, let’s talk about how orders are executed in a tick, what is concentrated liquidity and how it enables v3 to compete with stablecoin-specialized DEXs (decentralized exchange), such as Curve, by improving the capital efficiency.
Concentrated liquidity means LPs (liquidity providers) can provide liquidity to any price range/tick at their wish, which causes the liquidity to be imbalanced in ticks.
As each tick has a different liquidity depth, the corresponding pricing function x * y = k also won’t be the same!
Each tick has its own liquidity depth. Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/
Mmm… examples are always helpful for abstract descriptions 😂
Say the original pricing function is 100(x) * 1000(y) = 100000(k), with the price of X token 1000 / 100 = 10 and we’re now in the price range [9.08, 11.08].
If the liquidity of the price range [11.08, 13.08] is the same as [9.08, 11.08], we don’t have to modify the pricing function if the price goes from 10 to 11.08, which is the boundary between two ticks.
The price of X is 1052.63 / 95 = 11.08 when the equation is 1052.63 * 95 = 100000.
However, if the liquidity of the price range [11.08, 13.08] is two times that of the current range [9.08, 11.08], balances of x and y should be doubled, which makes the equation become 2105.26 * 220 = 400000, which is (1052.63 * 2) * (110 * 2) = (100000 * 2 * 2).
We can observe the following two points from the above example:
Trades always follow the pricing function x * y = k, while once the price crosses the current price range/tick, the liquidity/equation has to be updated.
√(x * y) = √k = L is how we represent the liquidity, as I say the liquidity of x * y = 400000 is two times the liquidity of x * y = 100000, as √(400000 / 100000) = 2.
What’s more, compared to liquidity on v1 & v2 is always spread across [0,∞], liquidity on v3 can be concentrated within certain price ranges and thus results in higher capital efficiency from traders’ swapping fees!
Let’s say if I provide liquidity in the range [1200, 2800], the capital efficiency will then be 4.24x higher than v2 with the range [0,∞] 😮😮😮 There’s a capital efficiency comparison calculator, make sure to try it out!
Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/
It’s worth noticing that the concept of concentrated liquidity was proposed and already implemented by Kyper, prior to Uniswap, which is called Automated Price Reserve in their case.⁵
⁶ Thanks to Yenwen Feng for the information.
4. Range orders: reversible limit orders
As explained in the above section, LPs of v3 can provide liquidity to any price range/tick at their wish. Depending on the current price and the targeted price range, there are three scenarios:
current price < the targeted price range
current price > the targeted price range
current price belongs to the targeted price range
The first two scenarios are called range orders. They have unique characteristics and are essentially fee-earning reversible limit orders, which will be explained later.
The last case is the exact same liquidity providing mechanism as the previous versions: LPs provide liquidity in both tokens of the same value (= amount * price).
There’s also an identical product to the case: grid trading, a very powerful investment tool for a time of consolidation. Dunno what’s grid trading? Check out Binance’s explanation on this, as this topic won’t be covered!
In fact, LPs of Uniswap v1 & v2 are grid trading with a range of [0,∞] and the entry price as the baseline.
Range orders
To understand range orders, we’d have to first revisit how price is discovered on Uniswap with the equation x * y = k, for x & y stand for the amount of two tokens X and Y and k as a constant.
The price of X compared to Y is y / x, which means how many Y one can get for 1 unit of X, and vice versa the price of Y compared to X is x / y.
For the price of X to go up, y has to increase and x decrease.
With this pricing mechanism in mind, it’s example time!
Say an LP plans to place liquidity in the price range [15.625, 17.313], higher than the current price of X 10, when 100(x) * 1000(y) = 100000(k).
The price of X is 1250 / 80 = 15.625 when the equation is 80 * 1250 = 100000.
The price of X is 1315.789 / 76 = 17.313 when the equation is 76 * 1315.789 = 100000.
If now the price of X reaches 15.625, the only way for the price of X to go even higher is to further increase y and decrease x, which means exchanging a certain amount of X for Y.
Thus, to provide liquidity in the range [15.625, 17.313], an LP needs only to prepare 80 — 76 = 4 of X. If the price exceeds 17.313, all 4 X of the LP is swapped into 1315.789 — 1250 = 65.798 Y, and then the LP has nothing more to do with the pool, as his/her liquidity is drained.
What if the price stays in the range? It’s exactly what LPs would love to see, as they can earn swapping fees for all transactions in the range! Also, the balance of X will swing between [76, 80] and the balance of Y between [1250, 1315.789].
This might not be obvious, but the example above shows an interesting insight: if the liquidity of one token is provided, only when the token becomes more valuable will it be exchanged for the less valuable one.
…wut? 🤔
Remember that if 4 X is provided within [15.625, 17.313], only when the price of X goes up from 15.625 to 17.313 is 4 X gradually swapped into Y, the less valuable one!
What if the price of X drops back immediately after reaching 17.313? As X becomes less valuable, others are going to exchange Y for X.
The below image illustrates the scenario of DAI/USDC pair with a price range of [1.001, 1.002] well: the pool is always composed entirely of one token on both sides of the tick, while in the middle 1.001499⁶ is of both tokens.
Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/
Similarly, to provide liquidity in a price range < current price, an LP has to prepare a certain amount of Y for others to exchange Y for X within the range.
To wrap up such an interesting feature, we know that:
Only one token is required for range orders.
Only when the current price is within the range of the range order can LP earn trading fees. This is the main reason why most people believe LPs of v3 have to monitor the price more actively to maximize their income, which also means that LPs of v3 have become arbitrageurs 🤯
I will be discussing more the impacts of v3 in 5. Impacts of v3.
⁷ 1.001499988 = √(1.0001 * 1.0002) is the geometric mean of 1.0001 and 1.0002. The implication is that the geometric mean of two prices is the average execution price within the range of the two prices.
Reversible limit orders
As the example in the last section demonstrates, if there is 4 X in range [15.625, 17.313], the 4 X will be completely converted into 65.798 Y when the price goes over 17.313.
We all know that a price can stay in a wide range such as [10, 11] for quite some time, while it’s unlikely so in a narrow range such as [15.625, 15.626].
Thus, if an LP provides liquidity in [15.625, 15.626], we can expect that once the price of X goes over 15.625 and immediately also 15.626, and does not drop back, all X are then forever converted into Y.
The concept of having a targeted price and the order will be executed after the price is crossed is exactly the concept of limit orders! The only difference is that if the range of a range order is not narrow enough, it’s highly possible that the conversion of tokens will be reverted once the price falls back to the range.
As price ranges follow the equation p(i) = 1.0001 ^ i, the range can be quite narrow and a range order can thus effectively serve as a limit order:
When i = 27490, 1.0001²⁷⁴⁹⁰ = 15.6248.⁸
When i = 27491, 1.0001²⁷⁴⁹¹ = 15.6264.⁸
A range of 0.0016 is not THAT narrow but can certainly satisfy most limit order use cases!
⁸ As mentioned previously in note #4, there is a square root in the equation of the price and index, thus the numbers here are for explantion only.
5. Impacts of v3
Higher capital efficiency, LPs become arbitrageurs… as v3 has made tons of radical changes, I’d like to summarize my personal takes of the impacts of v3:
Higher capital efficiency makes one of the most frequently considered indices in DeFi: TVL, total value locked, becomes less meaningful, as 1$ on Uniswap v3 might have the same effect as 100$ or even 2000$ on v2.
The ease of spot exchanging between spot exchanges used to be a huge advantage of spot markets over derivative markets. As LPs will take up the role of arbitrageurs and arbitraging is more likely to happen on v3 itself other than between DEXs, this gap is narrowed … to what extent? No idea though.
LP strategies and the aggregation of NFT of Uniswap v3 liquidity token are becoming the blue ocean for new DeFi startups: see Visor and Lixir. In fact, this might be the turning point for both DeFi and NFT: the two main reasons of blockchain going mainstream now come to the alignment of interest: solving the $$ problem 😏😏😏
In the right venue, which means a place where transaction fees are low enough, such as Optimism, we might see Algo trading firms coming in to share the market of designing LP strategies on Uniswap v3, as I believe Algo trading is way stronger than on-chain strategies or DAO voting to add liquidity that sort of thing.
After reading this article by Parsec.finance: The Dex to Rule Them All, I cannot help but wonder: maybe there is going to be centralized crypto exchanges adopting v3’s approach. The reason is that since orders of LPs in the same tick are executed pro-rata, the endless front-running speeding-competition issue in the Algo trading world, to some degree, is… solved? 🤔
Anyway, personal opinions can be biased and seriously wrong 🙈 I’m merely throwing out a sprat to catch a whale. Having a different voice? Leave your comment down below!
6. Conclusion
That was kinda tough, isn’t it? Glad you make it through here 🥂🥂🥂
There are actually many more details and also a huge section of Oracle yet to be covered. However, since this article is more about features and targeting normal DeFi users, I’ll leave those to the next one; hope there is one 😅
If you have any doubt or find any mistake, please feel free to reach out to me and I’d try to reply AFAP!
Stay tuned and in the meantime let’s wait and see how Uniswap v3 is again pioneering the innovation of DeFi 🌟
Uniswap v3 Features Explained in Depth was originally published in Taipei Ethereum Meetup on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.
👏 歡迎轉載分享鼓掌
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grid system (ไฟฟ้า) เป็นเครือข่ายที่เชื่อมต่อกันสำหรับการจ่ายไฟฟ้าจากผู้ผลิตต่าง ๆ ไปยังผู้บริโภค
off grid system ระบบโซลาร์เซลล์ที่ไม่เชื่อมต่อกับการไฟฟ้า (ผลิตไฟฟ้าใช้เองภายในบ้าน)
on grid system ระบบโซลาร์เซลล์ที่มีการเชื่อมต่อกับการไฟฟ้า (ผลิตไฟฟ้าเพื่อใช้ภายในบ้านก่อน ถ้าเหลือจะถูกส่งเข้าสู่ระบบสายส่งไฟฟ้า)
hybrid system ระบบโซลาร์เซลล์ที่ถูกออกแบบสำหรับทำงานร่วมกับอุปกรณ์ผลิตไฟฟ้าอื่น ๆ
#มนุษย์ไฟฟ้า #มนุษย์ไฟฟ้าอัศวิน #กองทุนพัฒนาไฟฟ้า
grid system 在 ลงทุนแมน Facebook 的最佳解答
MEA x ลงทุนแมน
MEA กับภารกิจขับเคลื่อน Smart Energy
พ.ศ. 2501 คือปีก่อตั้งของการไฟฟ้านครหลวง หรือ Metropolitan Electricity Authority (MEA)
เท่ากับว่าในปีนี้ MEA มีอายุ 62 ปีแล้ว
ในปัจจุบันโลกกำลังถูกขับเคลื่อนด้วยเทคโนโลยี
ที่ผลักดันให้ทุกอย่างเปลี่ยนผ่านเข้าสู่ยุคดิจิทัล
ซึ่งจะส่งผลให้วิถีชีวิตของผู้คนเปลี่ยนแปลงไปจากเดิม
แล้ว MEA ในฐานะผู้ให้บริการพลังงานไฟฟ้าในเขตมหานคร
จะช่วยขับเคลื่อนการใช้พลังงานไฟฟ้าให้เข้าสู่ยุคสมัยใหม่ได้อย่างไร ?
เพราะความต้องการใช้ไฟฟ้าของผู้คนมีมากขึ้น
ดังนั้น MEA จึงต้องบริหารจัดการไฟฟ้าอย่างครอบคลุมมีประสิทธิภาพ
และพัฒนาเทคโนโลยีอย่างต่อเนื่อง เพื่อรองรับ Demand & Supply
ตอบสนองวิถีชีวิตและการใช้เทคโนโลยีในเมืองมหานคร
หนึ่งในภารกิจสำคัญในตอนนี้ของ MEA
คือการพัฒนาระบบพลังงานอัจฉริยะ (Smart Energy)
ผ่านการสร้าง “ระบบโครงข่ายไฟฟ้าอัจฉริยะ”
หรือที่เรียกว่า “Smart Metro Grid Project”
ถ้าให้อธิบายคำว่า Smart Metro Grid แบบง่าย ๆ ก็คือการเปลี่ยนโครงข่ายไฟฟ้าแบบเดิม ให้เป็นระบบดิจิทัล พร้อมมีการบริหารจัดการระบบที่ทันสมัย โดยหนึ่งเครื่องมือที่สำคัญของเรื่องนี้ คือ “Smart Meter”
Smart Meter จะมีความแตกต่างจากมิเตอร์ไฟฟ้าแบบดั้งเดิม
คือนอกจากจะทำหน้าที่แค่อ่านค่าปริมาณการใช้ไฟฟ้าแล้ว
ยังมีคุณสมบัติในการรับส่งข้อมูลได้แบบ สองทาง (Two-Way Communication)
และข้อมูลนั้นจะปรากฏและแสดงผลในทันทีแบบ Real-time
ทำให้ MEA ทราบถึงปริมาณการจ่ายไฟฟ้าไปในแต่ละที่ได้ชัดเจน
และทราบถึงปัญหาที่เกิดขึ้นได้อย่างแม่นยำและรวดเร็ว
ยกตัวอย่างเช่น หากมีเหตุไฟฟ้าขัดข้องเกิดขึ้น
ระบบ Smart Metro Grid จะทราบพื้นที่บริเวณที่เกิดปัญหาขัดข้องได้ในทันที
หมายความว่า ระบบ Smart Metro Grid
จะเป็นจุดเปลี่ยนสำคัญ ที่จะทำให้ MEA
สามารถวิเคราะห์ข้อมูล บริหารจัดการ และให้บริการได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ
ซึ่งจะทำให้การจัดการพลังงานภายในบ้านเรือน อาคารสำนักงาน มีประสิทธิภาพมากยิ่งขึ้นในอนาคต
โดยในช่วงแรกของโครงการ
MEA ตั้งเป้าติดตั้ง Smart Meter จำนวน 31,539 ชุด ในกลุ่มผู้ใช้ไฟฟ้านำร่อง
เขตพื้นที่ กรุงเทพมหานคร นนทบุรี และสมุทรปราการ
โดยที่ผู้ใช้ไฟฟ้าไม่ต้องเสียค่าใช้จ่ายในการติดตั้ง
ซึ่งคาดว่าจะเสร็จสิ้น และเริ่มทดลองใช้ได้ภายในปี พ.ศ. 2565
จากนั้นจึงจะขยายการติดตั้งให้ครอบคลุมผู้ใช้บริการในพื้นที่ทั้งหมดในอนาคต
นอกเหนือจากการจัดการไฟฟ้าในอาคารบ้านเรือนแล้ว
ระบบ Smart Metro Grid ยังเป็นพื้นฐานสำคัญในการเชื่อมโยงพลังงานสะอาด
อย่างเช่น พลังงานไฟฟ้าจากแสงอาทิตย์ ผ่านโซลาร์เซลล์ และ โซลาร์รูฟท็อป
รวมทั้งยังเชื่อมโยงไปสู่รถยนต์ไฟฟ้า EV ขับเคลื่อนด้วยพลังงานสะอาด
ในการพัฒนาสถานีชาร์จ สำหรับรองรับการใช้งานรถยนต์ไฟฟ้า
เพื่อช่วยให้โลกของเราน่าอยู่ขึ้น ทั้งลดมลพิษทางอากาศ
และไม่ปล่อยก๊าซคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์ นับได้ว่าเป็นเทรนด์รักษ์โลก รักษ์พลังงาน
ที่จะนำไปสู่การเปลี่ยนแปลงครั้งใหญ่ ในอนาคตอันใกล้นี้..
Reference
- เว็บไซต์การไฟฟ้านครหลวง: www.mea.or.th
MEA x invest man
MEA with Smart Energy Drive mission
P.O. 2501 is the beginning of electricity from Nakhon Luang or Metropolitan Electricity Authority (MEA)
Equal to this year MEA is 62 years old.
The world is now being driven by technology.
That pushes everything to change through the digital age.
Which will change people's lifestyle.
Then MEA as an electric energy provider in the metropolitan area.
How to drive electric energy into the modern era?
Because more people's electricity demand.
Therefore, MEA needs to manage electricity effectively.
And continuously developing technology to support Demand & Supply
Responding to lifestyle and technology in Metropolitan City
One of the important mission now of MEA
The development of smart energy system (Smart Energy)
Through the creation of ′′ Smart Electric Network ′′
Aka ′′ Smart Metro Grid Project ′′
If you simply describe Smart Metro Grid, it's a simple way to change the same electric network into a digital system with modern system management. One of the important tools of this story is ′′ Smart Meter
Smart Marteter will be different from traditional electric meter.
Well, in addition to just reading the electricity cost.
Two-Way Communication Qualifications
And that information will appear and show instantly real-time.
Make MEA know the clear amount of electricity supply
And know precisely and fastly about the problems
For example, if an electrical malfunction happens.
Smart Metro Grid system will immediately know the area of the problem.
It means Smart Metro Grid System
Will be a key turning point to make MEA
Can analyze data, manage and serve effectively.
This will make energy management in homes, office buildings more efficient in the future.
By in the first phase of the project
MEA aims to install 31,539 sets of Smart Meter in the pilot power group.
Bangkok area, Nonthaburi and Samut Prakan area.
Electric users don't cost installation
Which is expected to complete and start trial by year. 2565 baht
Installation will then be extended to cover all local service users in future.
In addition to electrical management in house buildings.
Smart Metro Grid system is also an essential foundation to connect clean energy.
For example, electricity from solar through solar and solar rooftop.
Including links to EV electric cars driven by clean energy.
In development of charging stations to support electric cars.
To help our planet live up, reduce air pollution
And no carbon dioxide emission is considered as a trend of conservation of energy.
That will lead to big changes in the near future..
Reference
- Nakhon Luang Electricity Site: www.mea.or.thTranslated
grid system 在 detarame japanese.ch. Youtube 的最佳貼文
FINAL FANTASY Vは、1992年12月6日に日本のスクウェアから発売されたロールプレイングゲーム。「ファイナルファンタジー」シリーズ第5弾。ジョブチェンジシステムを更に発展させたアビリティ(得意技)の追加により、魔法を使えるナイト等、自分好みのキャラクターを育てられます。快調なテンポのストーリー、荘厳なサウンド、生活感あふれる町、爽快な飛行ををする飛空挺なども魅力です。
風・水・火・土。この世に繁栄をもたらす4つのクリスタルに限界の時が迫っていた。風は止み、水は涸れ、そして世界は揺れ始める。しかし人々はまだ知らない。クリスタルに込められた真の意味、重大な秘密を……。
「Detarame Japanese ch.」の「俺はKATANA」です
基本はゲーム動画が多めですが、趣味や波乱万丈な日常まで動画にしていきますので気軽に見てやってください。
レトロゲームから最新ゲーム実況~攻略やネタ的動画まで様々な視点からやってます
★チャンネルスケジュール
・月~金の平日は大体ゲーム動画でアップの時間は18時~0時位まで(未定)
・動画制作期間はライブ配信出来ない事があります
・ライブ配信している期間は動画投稿が出来ません
色々不定期ですがチャンネル登録で応援よろしくお願いします!!
チャンネルスポンサー・スパチャの応援いつもありがとうございます
今後の配信環境や機材等をよりレベルの高いモノにできますので、ご協力よろしくお願いします。
☆チャンネルメンバー登録
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtJeI0_0a2nUB9SHnbDLn7w/join
★ゲームコレクション再生リスト/My Game list
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyFGe5mHHiQMG4MwAhUSOIxhkQ5rH-haJ
☆再生リストに動画をまとめてあります
https://www.youtube.com/c/%E4%BF%BA%E3%81%AFKATANA-detarame-japanese/playlists?view=1&flow=grid&view_as=subscriber
★サブチャンネル
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2yyAb3przUxNS9jUHP3Ovw/videos
☆ツイッター・twitter
https://twitter.com/DETARAME_JAPAN
配信使用デバイス☆
・ASUS ゲーミングモニター24型 フルHDディスプレイ (応答速度1ms / HDMI×2ポート,D-sub/スピーカー内蔵 / 3年保証) VX248H(サブモニター、安くて映れば良い人用)
https://amzn.to/2FI1rBz
☆レトフリ(レトロゲームを配信している時に使っているハード)
https://amzn.to/3hlidFf
☆レトロフリーク用 コントローラーアダプター グレー
https://amzn.to/3gUw2ZF
☆メガドライブ メガドライブメガネ
https://amzn.to/2PW2RgJ
☆キャプチャーボード
TreasLin USB3.0 HDMI ビデオキャプチャーボード
https://amzn.to/32tMfyb
★あったら便利だと思う欲しい物リスト(Crowdfunding)
https://www.amazon.co.jp/gp/registry/wishlist/23EAJS76IJ4YB/ref=nav_wishlist_lists_1
※amazonのリンクはアソシエイトリンクを使用しております。
©1992, 2006, 2013 SQUARE ENIX CO., LTD. All Rights Reserved.
LOGO & IMAGE ILLUSTRATION:©1992 YOSHITAKA AMANO
#FF5オープニング #ジョブシステムの説明 #みんなが選ぶ神ゲー
![post-title](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/xtbIz8jnfSk/hqdefault.jpg)
grid system 在 translation Youtube 的最讚貼文
#ビデオシステムが稼働させた、AC用F-1レース作('91年)からのSFC移植版。
FOCAの公認を得て実名のチーム・ドライバーが登場、トップビューで自車を中心にハンドルを切ると画面が回転するシステム。
主な変更点としては、予備予選モードの追加、グラフィックのデザイン変更等。
BGMはソニックウィングス(AC,SFC/'92年)や、スパイナルブレイカーズ(AC/'90年)等の板村氏が、AC版から引き続き作・編曲、AC版同様にTRUTHも編曲され使用されている。
ドライバ作成:八尾吉一氏
サウンドデザイン:ありかわまさと氏
編曲:板村直樹氏
manufacturer: 1992.04.28 Video System
Hardware: spc700
computer: super famicom / snes
Sound Design: Masato Arikawa
Music driver programmer: Yoshikazu Yao
Composer: Naoki Itamura
------------------------------------------------------------
00:00 01.Boom
00:06 02.Truth (T-SQUARE)
01:09 03.Menu
02:04 04.Qualify
02:44 05.Grid
03:12 06.Street Course
04:06 07.Technical Course
05:11 08.High Speed Course
06:17 09.Result
06:51 10.Podium
08:06 11.Staff Roll
10:34 12.Ending
11:53 13.Course Selected
11:58 14.Goal (Free Run)
12:03 15.Retire (Final)
12:03 16.Retire (Qualify)
------------------------------------------------------------
![post-title](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/2rSnkpEIhqY/hqdefault.jpg)
grid system 在 iLoveToGoDotCOM Youtube 的最佳貼文
กระเป๋าทรง Sling ความจุ 6 ลิตร ซิปสามารถล็อคได้ป้องกันการงัดแงะ ช่องเก็บขวดน้ำความยืดหยุ่นสูง มาพร้อมแถบสะท้อนแสงช่วยเพิ่มความปลอดภัยเวลาเดินทางตอนกลางคืน ภายในมีช่องตาข่าย ช่องซิป และช่อง RFID safe ช่วยป้องกันการถูกโจรกรรมข้อมูล ช่องด้านหลังสามารถเก็บ Tablet 11 นิ้วได้
เช็คราคาสินค้าได้ที่นี่
https://www.ilovetogo.com/shop/bag-sling-fashion/nomatic/navigator-sling-6l
กล้องหลัก
- Sony a6600 + Sony E (SEL18135)18-135mm f/3.5-5.6 OSS Lens
- ขาตั้งกล้อง Sirui รุ่น T-005 : https://bit.ly/2PjdJ8I
กล้อง insert
- Canon EOS R5
- ขาตั้งกล้อง Sirui 3T-35 Series Table Top Tripods : https://bit.ly/39uFPET
- ไมค์ไร้สาย Saramonic - 5.8 GHz SHF Wireless Lavalier and Receiver System : https://bit.ly/3rDNZRN
- ไฟสตูดิโอ Nanlite - Forza60 LED Monolight + Softbox + Grid + ขาตั้งไฟ Fancier W803 : https://bit.ly/3sCItAf
- ไฟเสริม LED Aputure - MC RGBWW LED Light (AL-MC) : https://bit.ly/39rwoWI
#Nomatic #NomaticNavigator #NomaticNavigatorSling6L
![post-title](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/vTcEUNz88TE/hqdefault.jpg)
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