【再談 to infinitive VS. to加gerund】
很多人看了這條影片後都有疑問，那麼當 to 是 particle，什麼時候當 to 是 preposition 呢？
答案很簡單。
我們看一個字的功能，已斷定它的詞性。
由於介系詞（preposition）的功能就是界定名詞和介系詞前面詞語的關係，to 後面如果是名詞，to就是介系詞。
大家會發現 to 後面加動名詞的，幾乎只有 look forward to 這個短句後是這樣的。
其實在簡單一點看，大家可以將 look forward to 視作一個及物動詞（transitive verb），後面跟名詞使用，無論是普通名詞或動名詞也可以，所以大家常常會聽到外國人說：
I really look forward to it.
I really look forward to the party.
I look forward to your reply.
I look forward to receiving it.
I look forward to hearing back from you.
動名詞是名詞，普通名詞也是名詞。to 在這些例子中都是 preposition。
反而大家看見人寫：I want to quit. I’d like to see him.
在這些例子裡，to 後面跟的是不定式動詞（infinitive），大家就知道在這裏是 particle 了。
除了 look forward to 之外，大家還想到什麼例子，to 後面總是加上名詞的嗎？
例子不多，除了 look forward to 之外，還有一個，就是 be used to。
Be used to 的 to 後面經常加動名詞，邏輯很簡單，既然說習慣了一件事情，這件事情既然是一件事情，理應使用名詞表達。
所以可以講：
I am used to waking up early.
I am used to staying up late.
I have gotten used to seeing him every day.
還有一個片語後面經常加動名詞或名詞，就是key to這個adjective + preposition了，所以大家會聽到：
Extensive listening is key to improving one’s command of a language. （廣泛聆聽對改善語言能力是關鍵的。）
Parental love is key to a happy childhood. （父母的愛對於快樂的童年是關鍵的。）
Ingesting enough vitamin D is key to improving our skeletal health. （攝取足夠維他命D對於改善我們的骨骼健康是關鍵的。）
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happy介系詞 在 Re: [題目] 文法介片+名詞- 看板TOEIC 的推薦與評價
※ 引述《jack791201 (冰可樂)》之銘言：
: 題目：
: Because of the ____ ,the protesters were forced to end their
: demonstration early.
: (A) weather severely
: (B) weather to be severe
: (C) weather was severe
: (D) severe weather
: 這題答案(D) 介係詞片語+名詞or名詞子句
: 但想請問A選項為什麼不行,要怎麼改才對
: 另外再順便請問
: I tried to find the "least" expensive way to stay in New York for one week
: 這裡的最高級least是當副詞修飾expensive還是當形容詞修飾expensive way
: 要如何分辨
: 英文低端,希望有人順手救我,感謝各位大大
之前看到有其他版友在推文說「錯誤觀念就別亂說」，今天感觸真多。
介系詞之後只能接N/Ving，絕對不可以接that子句。
為了某大大我還真的煞有其事地去搜尋國外用法：
(because和because of的用法)
https://www.wordreference.com/es/translation.asp?tranword=because+of+that
先說好，我沒有要筆戰，只是錯誤的觀念如果讓英文觀念不穩的版友囫圇吞棗記起來，
真的上考場寫錯題目，請問這是要誰負責？
=====
一般來說，如果介詞想跟that放在一起，有兩個：
1) in that = because
ex. I failed the test because(= in that) I didn't study hard.
2) except that 假如不是；只可惜
ex. He is a good husband except that he likes gambling.
如果真的要將介詞跟that子句硬擺在一起，有三個解決之道：
1) 介詞 + the fact(緩衝詞 + that子句.
*. 此時that子句當作前面the fact的「同位語」。
ex. Although he is wealthy, he is not happy.
--> Despite that he is wealthy, he is not happy. [X]
= Despite his wealth, he is not happy.
= Despite the fact that he is wealthy, he is not happy.
*. despite = 介系詞
ex. Because he is wealthy, he is happy.
--> Because of that he is wealthy, he is happy. [X]
= Because of his wealth, he is happy.
= Because of the fact that he is wealth, he is happy.
*. of = 介系詞
2) 如果介詞之前是adj.或是分詞，則介詞可以去掉，此時的that子句當作副詞子句，
修飾前面的adj.或是分詞。
ex. He is surprised at that she married that old man. [X]
--> He is surprised at the fact that she married that old man.
--> He is surprised that she married that old man.
*. surprised當分詞，其實也當adj.。
3) 可以將that子句變成動名詞形式（Ving），步驟如下：
1. 去掉that；
2. S改成所有格；
3. V改成Ving，如果是being，不可以省。
把上面提過的三個例句改寫：
ex. Despite that he is wealthy, he is not happy. [X]
--> Despite his being wealthy, he is not happy.
ex. Because of that he is wealthy, he is happy. [X]
--> Because of his being wealthy, he is happy.
ex. He is surprised at that she married that old man. [X]
--> He is surprised at her marrying that old man.
打完收工，不懂別亂說。
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