以下係我已經喺WhatsApp收咗三次嘅前高等法院英女王御用大律師,Henry Litton (列顕倫)* QC ;給香港市民的一封信:~ (裏便了無新意, 不過有兩個好處. 1) 洋人寫係唔同啲, 仲要係有名望嘅大法官, 特別有說服力 2)啲英文寫得好靚, 仲有中文翻譯可以學習英文。
Henry Litton (列顕倫)* QC was the Judge of the highest Court in Hong Kong. He retired in 2015.
英女皇御用大律師列顕倫(亨利·利頓)QC,是香港最高法院的法官。他於2015年退休。
The following is what he’s written...
以下是他寫的。
There are few certainties in life. One of them is this: The common law system underpinning Hong Kong’s “core values” is destined to expire in 27 years’ time. The One Country Two Systems formula was designed to last for 50 years and no more. Hence Article 5 of the Basic Law. There is no mechanism in the Basic Law for the system to continue beyond 30 June 2047.
生活中很少有確定性。其中之一是:支撐香港“核心價值”的普通法制度將在27年後失效。一國兩制方案的設計時限是50年,之後,再也沒有了。因此,“基本法”第五條清楚指出。2047年6月30日以後,“基本法”中沒有任何機制讓這制度繼續下去。
All the calls for Freedom, Democracy etc have no meaning if the common law crumbles.
如果普通法崩潰,所有要求“自由、民主”等的呼籲都是沒有意義。
If the protesters truly value their professed aims, *their focus should be on demonstrating to Beijing and to the rest of the world that the One Country Two Systems formula works, and to promote an atmosphere in which Beijing feels comfortable with the system – and when the time comes, to extend the Basic Law for another 50 years, 100 years*. Then liberal democratic norms and values might have a chance to flourish.
如果抗議者真的誠心誠意的重視他們宣稱的目標,*他們的重點、重心,應該是向北京和世界其他地方展示“一國兩制”的方案是有效的,並推展“一國兩制”的成功實施。令北京對這一制度感到寛心舒泰的環境下 - 當時機成熟時,說服北京將“基本法”再延長50年,100年*。那麼,自由、民主的模式、準則和價值觀還可能有延續蓬勃、活躍的機會。
Crunch time is not 27 years away. It is just round the corner. For Hong Kong to continue as one of the world’s greatest financial and trading centres, planning for the future must necessarily look 20 -30 years ahead. So the hard question will soon be asked: is the common law system to continue beyond June 2047 ? The answer lies in Beijing and nowhere else.
擔心不安的時刻不是27年後的事。就在拐角處。要使香港繼續成為世界上最大的金融和貿易中心之一,對未來的規劃必須著眼於未來20-30年。因此,我們很快便會提出一個棘手的問題:普通法制度是否會延續至2047年6月以後?答案就在北京,而不是其他任何地方。
The last time this issue arose – back in 1982 – Hong Kong had the backing of Great Britain. This time Hong Kong stands alone. And, up to this point, Hong Kong has demonstrated for all the world to see that the One Country Two Systems formula is extremely fragile: and, if the unrest continues, it would surely fracture beyond any hope of recall.
回顧1982年,上一次被問到這個問題的時候,當時香港是得到了大英帝國的支持。而這一次,香港只能孤掌難鳴。到目前為止,香港已經向全世界展示了“一國兩制”這方案是極其脆弱的:如果動亂繼續下去,它肯定會褫奪,無望地被撤銷。
It is beyond the power of the Hong Kong SAR government to devise the governing model for the future. Pressing the Hong Kong government to promote greater democracy is futile. Rightly or wrongly, that power lies in Beijing. Nowhere else. Hong Kong enjoys freedoms found nowhere else in China. To think that unlawful assemblies and demonstrations, and violence in the streets, would soften Beijing’s attitude towards Hong Kong is absurd. Common sense suggests it would have the opposite effect.
為未來設計治理模式,是超出了香港特別行政區政府的權力範圍。要迫使香港政府促進更大的民主是徒勞的。不管是你喜歡也好。不喜歡也好。權力就是在北京。沒有別的地方了。香港現在享有中國其他地方沒有的自由。認為非法集會示威和街頭暴力會軟化北京的對香港的態度是荒謬的。常識表明,它只會產生相反的效果。
But there are deep social issues which the SAR government can redress, having regard in particular to the huge foreign currency reserves it holds:USD425 billion – by far the largest in the world, enough to guarantee public servants’ pensions hundreds of times over. And yet Hong Kong’s social services are crumbling, hospitals are understaffed, public education is poor, teachers are ill-paid, young people cannot afford to rent even the most substandard apartment, the gap between rich and poor is ever-widening.
但是,有一些深層次的社會問題是特區政府可以解決的,特別是考慮到特區政府擁有世界上最龐大的外匯儲備:4,250億美元 - 是政府公務員的長俸所需要的保證金額的數以百倍。然而,香港的社會服務卻每況愈下,醫院人手不足,全民所需的教育不論在質素及資源都極差,教師薪酬偏低。年輕人怎都難以負擔租用即使是最不合標準的居所,社會上,貧富差距在不斷拉大。
The laissez-faire policy of the colonial government has been carried to extremes by the SAR government in the past 20-odd years. The rich have prospered in the meanwhile whilst the bulk of the people suffered. The influx of Mainlanders under the One-Way Permit system has caused great strain on all services. The people’s needs have been neglected. The young see little prospect of a fulfilling future and even university graduates find difficulty in meaningful employment.
大英帝國殖民地政府的自由放任政策在過去二十多年來一直被特區政府極端化。與此同時,大多數富人們卻在此期間更加繁榮昌盛、更加富裕起來,而相反普通市民却受苦了。在單程證制度下,內地人士大量湧入,對所有服務造成更大壓力。市民的需求、需要被忽視。年輕人看不出有向上游、向上流的任何富圖的希望。甚至大學畢業生也很難找到有合識、合意的工作。
These, I suggest, are the deep-seated ills which sustain the fire of discontent in the wider community, and bring hundreds of thousands to march in the streets. These are not matters which a commission of inquiry can resolve.
我認為,這些水深火熱的社會問題及弊病,這些憤懣之火已經廣泛地蔓延在整個社會,並促使數以十萬人走上街頭。這些都不是一個所謂諮詢委員會可以解決。
The media here is full of Hong Kong stories, and of course footage of the riotous behaviour on the streets: what empty slogans, meaningless rhetoric the protesters display ……….In watching these events I am reminded of the prayer attributed to Saint Francis:
今天的媒體充斥著不同形式的香港事件,當然有街頭暴力行為的鏡頭:抗議者們展示的空洞口號和毫無意義的粗言穢語。…當我在觀看這些事件時,‘我想起聖弗朗西斯的禱告:
Pray God give me the courage to change the things I can change, the fortitude to bear the things I cannot change, and the wisdom to know the difference.
願上帝賜給我勇氣去改變我能改變的事情,給我勇氣去承受那些我無法改變的事情,給我智慧去分辨其中的黑白。
I arrive in Hong Kong Thursday 24 October, staying for one month.
我在今年的10月24日星期四抵達香港,逗留一個月。
As ever
如常,祝願香港
H
列顕倫
PS Please feel free to convey these observations to anyone you chose ………….They are *not confidential*.
歡迎隨時將我這些意見傳達給你所選擇的任何人.此文是*不保密的*。
here comes the question中文 在 翻譯這檔事 Facebook 的精選貼文
誤譯的終結?不如等世界末日來臨
——《信仰的終結》翻譯初窺
趁時事正熱打個比方:終結不了的翻譯問題,跟宗教為人世帶來的種種災禍一樣,不可能完全根除。
彷彿語言的誤解和誤譯本身,已趕在被台灣宗教財團收攏的不肖政客通過「宗教基本法」之前,悄悄成立了宗教——The Universal Church of Miscomprehension and Mistranslation——以防人心發展出理性思考去加以干涉、甚至「迫害」。
酸話說完了。有機會,還是儘量把語言可經由理性解讀的真相呈現出來。
以下以【……】標出知名無神論者Sam Harris精彩可期的
著作The End of Faith的部分翻譯問題。
統計資料供參:
中譯是博客來上可讀到的4小頁內容,對應原文約1700字,大約每67原文字出現一個我認爲需要改正的理解與翻譯問題。原文書估計11萬6千字,在如此微小的樣本下,粗估整部中譯會有超過1700個這種語言問題。
除了以這種貌似較爲客觀、科學的計數法來判斷翻譯是否合格、過關以外,其實我認爲另一種較人性、直觀、「不科學」的方式:從「會犯哪種錯」、「該不該犯那種錯」這種「微小」地方,來得到對某譯者的整體觀感,至少是同等重要的,有時候這種「見微知著」法所揭露的事更多、更大、更不堪。
暫不一一討論問題的細節、甚至替出版社和譯者提供新的翻譯了,太費時。有興趣的人可以自行研究。問題當中肯定有的很明顯,有的較隱晦。如果你不認爲某一點有什麼問題值得大驚小怪,歡迎指出討論。也許這不失爲一種更積極的理解英語、斟酌中文、激盪思考的方法。我希望把時間花在刀口上。
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書名:The End of Faith: Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason
信仰的終結:宗教、恐怖行動及理性的未來
作者: Sam Harris
譯者: 孔繁鐘
出版社:八旗文化
出版日期:2015/12/30
作者簡介 山姆.哈里斯(Sam Harris)
美國著名作家、哲學家、神經科學家。著有《紐約時報》暢銷書《信仰的終結》(The End of Faith,美國筆會2005年非小說類得獎著作)、《給基督教國度的一封信》(Letter to a Christian Nation),以及《道德風景》(The Moral Landscape)。他的作品以超過十五種語言出版。文章曾刊於《新聞周刊》、《紐約時報》、《洛杉磯時報》、《泰晤士報》(倫敦)、《波士頓環球報》、《大西洋月刊》、《神經學年鑑》、《外交政策》及其他許多刊物。為理智工程(Project Reason)的共同創始人與董事長,該非營利組織致力於傳播科學知識和社會中世俗價值。
史丹佛大學哲學學士。他研究東方及西方的宗教傳統以及各種靈性教派已二十年。2009年取得神經科學博士學位,研究主題為相信、不相信、及不確定的神經學基礎。請造訪他的網頁 www . smaharris . org.
譯者簡介 孔繁鐘
衛生署玉里醫院精神科主治醫師,台大化工所畢業後考上台大醫學院學士後醫學系。為孔子第七十四代後裔,因花東地區醫療資源較缺乏,與弟弟孔繁錦長期投入當地的精神醫療,照顧病情嚴重的精神病患,並翻譯多本國內精神醫學與心理學教科書。身為精神科醫師,他相信精神醫學得本執在於人性的幫助關係,而非統計分類;因此不把自己視為一個開藥者,也定義自己為為一個充滿同理心的助人者。
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翻譯問題列表(依內容順序):
The young man takes his seat beside a middle-aged couple. He will wait for the bus to reach its next stop. The couple at his side 【appears to be shopping for a new refrigerator】. The woman has decided on a model, but her husband worries that it will be too expensive. He indicates another one in a brochure that lies open on her lap.
年輕男子靠著一對中年夫婦坐下。他耐心等著公車到下一站。這對夫婦【似乎正要去買新冰箱】。妻子膝蓋上攤著一份冰箱型錄,她已經選定了要買的機型,但是丈夫嫌太貴,指著另一種機型絮絮說著。
The next stop comes into view. 【The bus doors swing】.
下一站已近在眼前。【公車搖晃著】。
The nails, ball bearings, and rat poison 【ensure further casualties on the street and in the surrounding cars.】
釘子、小鋼球和毒老鼠藥【發揮了最大的殺傷力,也造成街道上和四周車輛中其他人員大量】傷亡。
These are 【the facts】. This is all we know for certain about the young man.
這些都是【真人實事】。關於這位年輕男子我們確實知道的所有實情都在這裡了。
A BELIEF is a lever that, once pulled, moves almost everything else in a person’s life. Are you a scientist? A liberal? A racist? These are merely species of 【belief in action】.
信仰是一種控制桿,一旦拉動就能操縱人們生活中幾乎所有層面的每件事。你是個科學家嗎?自由主義者?種族主義者?這些不過是【依據信仰促發的行動】而做的分類罷了。
It seems that if our species ever eradicates itself through war, it will not be because 【it was written in the stars】 but because it was written in our books; 【it is what we do with words like “God” and “paradise” and “sin” in the present】 that will determine our future.
看來若人類終將經由戰爭而自我滅絕,也絕不是因為這些想法【被寫在星空中】,而是因為它被寫在某些書籍裡;【正是我們現在所看到使用「上帝」、「天堂」與「罪惡」這些字眼的那些書籍】,決定了人類的未來。
【People tend to organize themselves into factions according to which of these incompatible claims they accept】—rather than on the basis of language, skin color, location of birth, or any other criterion of tribalism.
這些書籍的主張互不相容,而【人們傾向於把接受相同主張的人歸於同一宗派】,而非依據語言、膚色、出生地、或任何其他區分部落意識的標準。
All are 【in perverse agreement】 on one point of fundamental importance, however: “respect” for other faiths, or for the views of unbelievers, is not an attitude that God endorses.
所有這些書籍都【極力堅持】一項重要基本論點:上帝絕不贊同「尊重其他信仰或不相信者的觀點」這種態度。
【While all faiths have been touched, here and there, by the spirit of ecumenicalism,】 the central tenet of every religious tradition is that all others are mere repositories of error or, at best, dangerously incomplete. Intolerance is thus intrinsic to 【every creed】. Once a person believes—really believes—that certain ideas can lead to eternal happiness, or to its antithesis, he cannot tolerate the possibility that the people he loves might be led astray by the blandishments of unbelievers. Certainty about the next life is 【simply incompatible with tolerance in this one.】
【各處各地所有的信仰都浸潤著「真神唯一」的精神】,每個宗教的傳統核心教義都是:所有其他宗教的組成都是錯誤,若非全錯,至少也是不完全且危險的。不包容正是【所有教條】的本質。某個人一旦真心相信了某種想法能導致永恆幸福或永遠不幸,他必將無法容忍他所愛的人可能會被不相信者的花言巧語所誤導。他對來世的確信,也讓他【無法對此再多包容】。
Observations of this sort pose 【an immediate problem for us, however, because】 criticizing a person’s faith is currently taboo in every corner of our culture.
但這類觀察立即帶給我們【一個問題:因為】在我們當前文化的每個角落,批評他人的信仰都屬禁忌。
But technology has 【a way of creating】 fresh moral 【imperatives】. Our technical advances in the art of war have finally rendered our religious differences—and 【hence our religious beliefs】—antithetical to our survival. We can no longer ignore the fact that billions of our neighbors believe in the metaphysics of martyrdom, or in the literal truth of 【the book of Revelation】,
可是科技【創造了】全新的道德【指令】。人類在戰爭藝術方面的技術如此精進,終於讓我們的宗教差異以及【伴隨的宗教信仰差異】危害到人類的生存。我們再也不能忽視這項事實:我們的鄰居中成億上萬的人都相信殉教的形而上學,或相信【他們聖書】表面字義所揭示的真理,
Consider the case of alchemy: it fascinated human beings for over a thousand years, and yet anyone who seriously claims to be a practicing alchemist today will have disqualified himself for most positions of responsibility in our society. Faith-based religion 【must】 suffer the same slide into obsolescence.
以煉金術為例:它曾蠱惑人類一千多年,但在當今社會,任何人若鄭重自稱是一位煉金術士,將被認為不夠資格擔任絕大多數重要職務。同樣地,以信念為基礎的宗教【必將】落入歷史廢墟之中。
What is the alternative to 【religion as we know it】? As it turns out, this is the wrong question to ask. Chemistry was not an “alternative” to alchemy; it was a wholesale exchange of 【ignorance at its most rococo】 for genuine knowledge.
那麼【就我們所知,宗教】的替代品是什麼?其實這是個錯誤的提問。化學並不是煉金術的「替代品」;它是【以極其精巧華麗的方式,把無知】整批置換成為真正的知識。
OF COURSE, people of faith 【fall】 on a continuum:
當然,秉持信仰的人們【可以分布】在一個連續帶上:
they imagine that the path to peace will be paved once each of us has learned to respect the 【unjustified】 beliefs of others.
他們想像,一旦每個人都學會尊重其他人【無法證實】的信仰,和平之路就能順利展開。
Many religious moderates have taken the 【apparent high road】 of pluralism, asserting the equal validity of all faiths,
許多宗教溫和派已經奉行了多元主義的【大道】,確信所有不同的信仰都同等有效,
As long as a Christian believes that only his baptized brethren will be saved on the Day of Judgment, he cannot possibly “respect” the beliefs of others, for he knows that the flames of hell have been stoked by 【these very ideas】 and await their adherents even now.
只要基督徒相信在最後審判日唯有自家受洗的弟兄們才能得到救贖,他就不可能「尊重」其他信仰,因為他知道地獄的火已被【他們那樣的想法】所激發,正等著焚燒其追隨者呢。
Muslims and Jews generally take the same arrogant view of their own enterprises and have spent millennia passionately reiterating the errors of other faiths. It should go without saying that 【these】 rival belief systems are all equally uncontaminated by evidence.
伊斯蘭教徒和猶太教徒通常也用同樣傲慢的態度只尊崇自己的信仰,並且幾千年來一直狂熱地重申其他信仰的錯誤。但無庸置疑地,這【兩種】相互對抗的信仰系統也都同樣缺乏證據。
here comes the question中文 在 茱莉花 Facebook 的最佳解答
今天電視台和我聯絡說他們在找外國。又是個沒有重點的節目,又是個要台灣人去嘲笑我們不是亞洲人的外國人。
我真心希望你們的媒體改善而讓你們看真的可以學的內容而不讓我們講刻板印象的東西了。
可能這個比較有名的外國人寫的和他聊的事情可以讓你們更了解我們外國人的感覺。我建議你們去看他的文章內的留言看看 你就會看到一些 凱西與我 已說過的事情。
我真的希望我們西方人不會在台灣電視像動物一樣被笑被看了
我們可以聊到很多很深的事情 就像k&j目前在拍的 但是你們的電視只要我們 搞笑 才會繼續被拍 才人會想看
我快收集了每一個台灣綜藝節目...舊媒體負責發人的朋友請你們注意囉,我開頭都會說「What’s up internet people」 (網友們好)那不是不小心的囉~
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13年來看這些邀請外國人大聊八卦跟個人經驗的節目真的很累,完全沒變,一樣沒重點、一樣沒什麼營養。充滿製作單位的個人偏見色彩、大肆宣傳刻板印象與讓許多刻板印象與種族玩笑在節目上講得好像沒事似的。
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說實在,你想要生活在一個國家,會講那個國家的語言是基本要求,是尊重,是生存之道。
我從來沒聽過「只要你會講那個國家的語言」就能夠上那個國家的電視節目這種事情。更不用說因此變成擁有許多粉絲的明星了...
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這些上節目大講有的沒的個人經驗、八卦故事、戀愛過程等,卻只有聳動的”哪國人最怎樣”、”哪國女生最怎樣”、”各國人神邏輯”、”哪國人都怎麼樣”這類標題但內容完全沒有深入真正討論到重點、也沒正確讓大家明白不是在場”幾個人”的意見和經驗就可以代表了一整個國家或種族的觀念的”外國型男”們,這樣真的有幫助到觀眾去了解到你們所代表自己的國家的文化或任何事情嗎?還是只是無形加強了「刻板印象」與「正向歧視」而已?
更不用說光是這些"型男"的稱呼已經非常膚淺,非常以貌取人。
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而且,在台灣的外國人人口佔最多數的是東南亞人,但很糟糕的是,我似乎從來沒有看過東南亞男生被稱為”型男”在這些節目上。有人看過嗎?
這些東南亞國家的人明明多數中文很好,甚至台語也會講,我也遇過台語講得很好的菲律賓人。但,他們有被邀請嗎?
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假如一個台灣人在你的國家要上節目,至少要有個專業專長,甚至是才藝表演、特別的經驗才可能會請到他們來做分享。不是只要會講那個國家的語言就好了......
#鬧劇
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“外國型男”們,當製作單位在和各位確定每集所要說的內容時,請你們想一下,假若這些有你們國家的翻譯字幕,你們會願意分享給你的家人、朋友們看嗎?如果你不敢,就不要說那些話吧...
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世界只會有越來越多人懂中文,會說中文的外國人只會增加不會變少。有一天會平衡的,和會講英文的華人一樣多。到時候人們回頭看這些被崇拜的”外國型男”電視節目,更多樣多元的社會會怎麼看待這一段歷史應該大家心裡很明白。
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「每個人都該是一個被尊重的個體,而非被崇拜。」— 愛因斯坦
Everyone should be respected as an individual, but no one idolized. — Albert Einstein
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如果你一直餵鴨子白吐司吃,牠們會很高興的一直吃,跟著你、崇拜你,把你當神。但最後牠們會死,因為沒有獲得該有的營養,變得抵抗力很差,一點小小的問題就會造成死亡。
I think I have collected a request from every Taiwanese TV show that I know of, all of which I have refused. I don’t know why none of you haven’t noticed, I’m not going to be one of your muppets perpetuating racial stereotypes for you. There is a reason I always start my videos with “what’s up internet people”. These TV shows never change, the topics never become more intellectual and I NEVER see any South East Asian men in these shows, why? Most of the foreigners here are actually from South East Asia. Where are they? Or is it that they do they not fit the aesthetic of your shows?
I will not be a part of this farce.
To all the regular foreigners on these shows who have played along so far. I know you have reservations, I can see it on all your faces. You know it is a farce, you know it wouldn’t work the other way around in your own countries.
Before you step on that set ask yourself one question:
If this was translated into your language would you show your friends and family back home?
If the answer is “no” then don’t say it and don’t do what they tell you to. These shows need you. You have the chance to raise the level of conversation. I invite you to stop perpetuating racial or national stereotypes, stop bickering between yourselves on set over these petty differences and make that change before you become a relic that people look back on with distaste.
Do you know what happens if you feed ducks white bread? I’ll tell you. They follow you around, they come back to you for more, you become god to them. While you rob them of the nutrition they should be getting else where. But white-bread cheap and the ducks love it, you tell yourself... Then out of nowhere a disease comes they get sick and suddenly they die. The ducks don’t have the immune system to fight off the virus.