กรณีศึกษา การใช้ SOFT POWER ของจีนในยุค COVID-19 /โดย ลงทุนแมน
ถ้าพูดถึงประเทศที่ใช้ Soft Power ได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ
เราอาจนึกถึง ประเทศที่ประสบความสำเร็จในการส่งออกทางวัฒนธรรม อย่างเกาหลีใต้หรือญี่ปุ่น
แต่จริงๆ แล้ว Soft Power ไม่ได้มีแค่เรื่องที่เกี่ยวกับวัฒนธรรมเพียงอย่างเดียว
โดยเฉพาะในสถานการณ์ตอนนี้ ที่มีการระบาดอย่างหนักของ COVID-19
จีน กลับเป็นหนึ่งในประเทศที่มีบทบาทโดดเด่นสุด ตอนนี้
เรื่องนี้น่าสนใจอย่างไร? ลงทุนแมนจะเล่าให้ฟัง
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ก่อนอื่นเรามาเริ่มจากการทำความเข้าใจกับคำว่า “Soft Power”
Soft Power มาจากแนวคิดของศาสตราจารย์มหาวิทยาลัยฮาร์วาร์ด ชื่อ Joseph Nye
เป็นการขยายอิทธิพล หรือทำให้ผู้อื่นคล้อยตาม โดยไม่ใช้วิธีการบังคับ
ซึ่ง Soft Power จะเกิดขึ้นจาก 3 ปัจจัยหลัก ได้แก่ วัฒนธรรม ค่านิยม และนโยบายต่างประเทศ
ตัวอย่างประเทศ ที่ประสบความสำเร็จจากการใช้ Soft Power
ฝรั่งเศส ขึ้นชื่อเรื่องอาหาร โดยถือเป็นประเทศที่ได้มิชลินสตาร์มากสุดในโลก
มีสถานที่ท่องเที่ยวที่มีชื่อเสียงหลายแห่ง เช่น หอไอเฟล พิพิธภัณฑ์ลูฟวร์
ทำให้เป็นประเทศที่มีนักท่องเที่ยวต่างชาติเดินทางไปเยือนมากสุดในโลก
คิดเป็นจำนวนเกือบ 90 ล้านคน ในปี 2018
สหราชอาณาจักร มีสื่อที่ได้รับการยอมรับ อย่าง BBC
ซึ่งนับเป็นหนึ่งในสื่อทรงอิทธิพล ที่มีคนดูมากที่สุดในโลก
นอกจากนั้นยังมี Premier League ที่เป็นการแข่งขันฟุตบอลที่ได้รับความนิยมไปทั่วโลก
สหรัฐอเมริกา เรียกได้ว่าเป็นอีกประเทศที่ประสบความสำเร็จในการเผยแพร่วัฒนธรรม
ผ่านอุตสาหกรรมภาพยนตร์ เพลง รวมถึงแบรนด์ที่เราใช้กันในชีวิตประจำวัน
ด้านการศึกษา สหรัฐอเมริกา ถือเป็นประเทศที่มีมหาวิทยาลัยระดับโลกมากสุดในโลก
รวมถึงด้านเทคโนโลยี ก็เป็นต้นกำเนิดของบริษัทอย่าง เฟซบุ๊ก แอปเปิล กูเกิล ไมโครซอฟต์
และอย่างที่รู้กันว่า คู่แข่งที่สำคัญของสหรัฐอเมริกา ก็คือ “จีน”
โดยเฉพาะ เมื่อเกิดเหตุการณ์ที่คาดไม่ถึงอย่าง COVID-19
ซึ่งกลายมาเป็นปัจจัยสำคัญ ในการแข่งขันทางขั้วอิทธิพลระหว่าง 2 ประเทศนี้
และก็ดูเหมือนว่าจีน กำลังทำคะแนนในด้านนี้ได้อย่างโดดเด่น
เพราะแม้ว่าจีน จะเป็นศูนย์กลางการระบาดแห่งแรกๆ
แต่ก็เป็นประเทศที่สามารถจัดการกับ COVID-19 ได้เป็นแห่งแรกๆ เช่นกัน
ซึ่งเมื่อการระบาดแพร่กระจายไปยังประเทศอื่น
จีน ก็ใช้โอกาสนี้ ในการส่งความช่วยเหลือไปให้ทั่วโลก
โดยรัฐบาลจีน ได้มีการส่งอุปกรณ์ที่จำเป็น ไม่ว่าจะเป็นหน้ากากอนามัย ชุดป้องกันเชื้อโรค ชุดตรวจโรค รวมถึงทีมแพทย์ ไปให้กว่า 120 ประเทศ
มีการเผยแพร่ข้อมูลที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการตรวจหาโรค การรักษาโรค และการป้องกันโรค โดยอ้างอิงจากประสบการณ์ที่จีนได้รับมาก่อน
นอกจากนั้น ยังมีการอนุมัติวงเงินกู้ดอกเบี้ยต่ำ และโครงการพักชำระหนี้
ให้กับประเทศซึ่งอยู่ภายใต้โครงการ Belt and Road ที่ได้รับผลกระทบจาก COVID-19
ในส่วนภาคเอกชนของจีนเอง ก็ให้ความร่วมมือและช่วยเหลือในวิกฤติ COVID-19 นี้ไม่แพ้กัน
โดยเฉพาะธุรกิจที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการผลิตอุปกรณ์การแพทย์ การเงิน และการขนส่ง มีการบริจาคอุปกรณ์การแพทย์ ไปยังประเทศต่างๆ
นอกจากนั้นยังมีมูลนิธิของ Alibaba และ Jack Ma ซึ่งบริจาคหน้ากากอนามัยให้เกือบ 100 ประเทศ
มีการเผยแพร่สื่อที่เกี่ยวกับวิธีการรักษาโรคใน 8 ภาษา ลงบนโลกออนไลน์
รวมถึงสร้างแพลตฟอร์มแลกเปลี่ยนข้อมูลแบบเรียลไทม์ที่ชื่อว่า
Global MediXchange for Combating COVID-19 หรือ GMCC
ซึ่งในขณะที่จีนกำลังทำทุกอย่างนี้ สหรัฐอเมริกาที่เป็นพี่ใหญ่ของโลก กลับยังไม่สามารถควบคุมสถานการณ์การระบาดของ COVID-19 ในประเทศได้
ดังนั้น COVID-19 จึงเปรียบเหมือนโอกาสของจีน
ในการสั่นคลอนอิทธิพลของสหรัฐอเมริกา โดยใช้ Soft Power เป็นทรัพยากรที่มีอยู่ในมือ
และถ้าจีน สามารถผลิตวัคซีนได้สำเร็จเป็นประเทศแรก
ก็น่าสนใจไม่น้อยว่า สมดุลขั้วอำนาจระหว่างจีน และสหรัฐอเมริกาจะเปลี่ยนไปอย่างไร
จริงๆ แล้ว ก่อนหน้า COVID-19 จีนได้เริ่มมีการใช้ Soft Power มาสักระยะหนึ่งแล้ว
ในด้านวัฒนธรรม เราจะเห็นได้ว่าทั้งวงการบันเทิง สถานที่ท่องเที่ยว และภาษาจีนที่เริ่มเป็นที่นิยมมากขึ้น ผ่านซีรีส์ ภาพยนตร์ เพลง รวมถึงการให้ทุนการศึกษาจำนวนมากแก่นักเรียนต่างประเทศ
ในด้านการต่างประเทศ ก็มีโครงการ Belt and Road ที่เข้าไปช่วยพัฒนาโครงสร้างพื้นฐานในกว่า 60 ประเทศ
ซึ่งเมื่อมองย้อนกลับมาที่ไทย เราเองก็เป็นประเทศที่มีเอกลักษณ์โดดเด่น
เรามีวัฒนธรรม มวยไทย อาหารไทย ที่ขึ้นชื่อ
เรามีภาพยนตร์ ละคร ศิลปิน ที่เริ่มเป็นที่รู้จักในต่างประเทศ
เรามีสถานที่ท่องเที่ยว ที่ได้รับความนิยมเป็นอันดับต้นๆ ของโลก
และไทยยังได้รับการจัดอันดับว่ามีความมั่นคงทางสุขภาพเป็นอันดับที่ 6 ของโลก
แปลว่าจริงๆ ถ้าเราสามารถวางกลยุทธ์เพื่อบริหารจัดการจุดเด่นเหล่านี้ได้
ประเทศไทยเรา ก็มีศักยภาพในการใช้ Soft Power ได้ไม่แพ้ใครเช่นกัน..
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References
-https://softpower30.com
-https://www.statista.com/…/countries-ranked-by-number-of-i…/
-https://www.weforum.org/…/how-china-s-covid-19-recovery-co…/
-https://www.politico.eu/…/coronavirus-china-winning-propag…/
-https://www.silkroadbriefing.com/…/china-development-bank-…/
A case study of Chinese SOFT POWER in COVID-19 era / by investing manly.
Speaking of countries that use Soft Power effectively
We may think of a country that succeeds in cultural exports like South Korea or Japan.
But really, Soft Power isn't just a cultural thing.
Especially in this situation where COVID-19 outbreak is now.
China is one of the most iconic countries now.
How interesting is this? Investing man will tell you about it.
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First of all, let's start by understanding the word ′′ Soft Power ′′
Soft Power comes from the concept of Harvard University professor named Joseph Nye
Expanding influences or making others follow without a force.
Soft Power will occur from 3 main factors include culture, values and foreign policy.
Examples of successful countries by using Soft Power
France is famous for food. It is the most Michelin star country in the world.
There are many famous attractions such as the Eiffel Tower, Louvre Museum.
Make it the country with foreign tourists to visit the world's most.
As many as 90 million people as 2018
The UK has BBC recognized media
Which is one of the most viewed influential media in the world.
In addition, Premier League is a popular football match all over the world.
USA is called another successful country to publish culture.
Through the film industry, music including brands we use in everyday life.
U.S. education is the country with the world's most universities.
Including technology is the origin of companies like Facebook, Apple, Google, Microsoft.
And as you know, a major U.S. rival is ′′ China
Especially when unexpected events like COVID-19
Which became an important factor in the influential competition between these 2 countries.
And it looks like China is scoring this side outstandingly.
Because although China is the center of the first outbreak.
But it's also a country that can handle COVID-19 as well.
When the outbreak spread to other countries
China also uses this opportunity to send help to the world.
Chinese government has been sent necessary equipment, hygienic mask, anti-germs, examination kit, including medical team to over 120 countries.
Information related to disease detection, treatment and prevention of disease based on the experience China has obtained before.
In addition, low interest loan band approved and debt break project.
To the country under the Belt and Road project affected by COVID-19
In China's private sector, we are cooperating and helping with this COVID-19 crisis.
Specifically, businesses involved in the production of medical equipment, finance and transportation. Medical supplies are donated to different countries.
In addition, Alibaba and Jack Ma's foundation donated almost 100 countries of hygienic masks.
Media has been published on how to cure 8 languages online.
Including creating a real-time data exchange platform called
Global MediXchange for Combating COVID-19 หรือ GMCC
While China is doing everything, the world's big brother USA can't control the COVID-19 outbreak situation in the country.
Therefore, COVID-19 is like China's opportunity.
To shake U.S. influence using Soft Power as a resource on hand.
And if China can successfully produce vaccines first country.
Interesting how the power balance between China and USA will change.
In fact, COVID-19 China has started using Soft Power for a while.
In the culture, we can see that the entertainment industry, attractions and Chinese are becoming more popular through film series, music including scholarships. cuddle students abroad.
In foreign countries, there are Belt and Road projects that help develop infrastructure in over 60 countries.
When I look back at Thailand, I am a unique country.
We have a Thai boxing culture, famous Thai food.
We have a drama film, an artist that started to be known abroad.
We have the world's top popular attractions.
And Thai is also ranked as the world's number 6 health stability.
Really means if we can strategize to manage these highlights.
Thailand, we also have the potential to use Soft Power, not allergic to anyone..
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References
-https://softpower30.com
-https://www.statista.com/statistics/261726/countries-ranked-by-number-of-international-tourist-arrivals/
-https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/03/how-china-s-covid-19-recovery-could-bolster-its-global-influence/
-https://www.politico.eu/article/coronavirus-china-winning-propaganda-war/
-https://www.silkroadbriefing.com/news/2020/03/27/china-development-bank-provide-financial-support-belt-road-projects-affected-covid-19/Translated
「how many universities in uk for international students」的推薦目錄:
how many universities in uk for international students 在 江魔的魔界(Kong Keen Yung 江健勇) Facebook 的最佳貼文
反對黨中選定候選人楊美盈的一篇介紹自己的英文文章,從這篇文章可以看得出它的架構完全是依魅力故事學的角度來講。(也隱著Joseph Campbell英雄之旅的影子,連這個也講給你們聽,我已經夠慈悲了)。
細節不要問我,除非你是我的學生,就可以在秘密社團討論。
其餘的,若不是我的學生,可以報名 5 月 25 和· 26 日的 《江魔式毒辣NLP》
Entering into Politics - The Story Behind. By Yeo Bee Yin(杨美盈)
-----
"Why are you involved in politics?" I think this is the question my family members, friends, and many others will ask.
It's a long story. I am writing this story today to make sure that, if ever, I forget what am I in politics for, it will serve as a reminder.
Part I: The Beginning - Seed of Love
It all started in 2001 with my first Fast and Pray for Malaysia. Since then, I started to see Malaysia very differently and began to sow the seed of love for this nation. I remember I was only 18 years old then. Looking back now, I realized, I too, can be a part of the answered prayer. How marvellous.
Part II: Years on Distant Shores
No, I am not a super patriotic person that nothing else matters to me beside Malaysia. Being a 'kampung' girl, I dreamed of going overseas - to study, to work and to see the world.
Part II (a): Eyes Opened
My dream finally came true in my fourth year in UTP. I was offered a 6-month internship placement in BASF world biggest chemical site in Ludwigshafen, Germany. As a chemical engineering student, and being the first student in UTP to get the offer, it was indeed was a great blessing for me.
Internship in Germany was my first taste of international exposure as they take interns from all over the world to Germany. I spent countless of hours with some of these friends here discussing about just about anything under the sun.
In Germany, the church that I attended was Rhein River Baptist Church, which is a church of the American army who are based in Mannheim. I was one of the few non-military church members there. Through my interaction with the American armies, I began to understand what "Democracy", "Liberty" and "Patriotism" really mean.
During my stay in Germany, I also took the opportunity to travel to neighboring countries like France, Italy, Luxembourg and England. It was in these trips that changed my world view about culture, nation, development etc.
Before coming to Europe, as a top student, I thought I knew a lot. After I came here, I realized how little I knew about the world. I began to question why in Malaysia we did not learn a more complete world history, different political systems, different ideologies, arts and culture? Neither have we been taught to think critically and objectively. I began to realize that what we've been taught in the schools have been crafted in such a way that we can be easily manipulated if we are not careful. Our syllabus was (and still is) flawed and politically biased.
I have to admit that before coming to Germany, I was an ardent supporter of Dr Mahathir and his legacy. I read his book, watched his documentary, supported the blind protection of GLCs and race-based affirmative action, thinking that it's true 'patriotism'. (You can see how brain-washed I was then.)
Six months of internship in Germany has completely changed my world view , my eyes began to open, my previous perceptions shattered and I began to see things very differently. There is actually a much BETTER way for Malaysia.
I was 22 years old then.
Part II (b): A Disheartened Young Malaysian
After the internship, I came back to Malaysia to finish my study in UTP and graduated in 2006. Before I finished my study in UTP, I received offer from my dream university, Cambridge University, for a program called MPhil in `Advanced Chemical Engineering. I was so happy! So I started to apply for funding from various organizations. I didn't get any. Although disappointed, I wasn't blaming anybody as I understood that nobody was obliged to fund me. Despite financial difficulties in his business in 2006, my dad agreed to fund my study in Cambridge.
However, I still had one problem. I was bonded to Petronas for 10 years and was supposed to serve my bond after I finished my study in UTP. So I wrote to Petronas again to ask for deferment of service until after I finished my master degree in Cambridge. A few weeks later, I was called to come to the education unit. I really thought everything was gonna to be ok. There, I saw a nice guy, he told me that the program was great and he really wanted to help, but it was in the policy that they couldn't allow any deferment for the bond or I would have to pay up my bond in lump-sump. My dream crashed.
I did not blame Petronas for that, as they were just following the contract and it would be a havoc if every scholar would come and ask for deferment or for more funding. I understood that. However, it was a small incidence in the education unit that made me utterly disappointed with how things work in Malaysia. While waiting at the lounge, I met two returning scholars from Nottingham University, UK. I started to talk to them. After a while, an education unit guy came and met them, I accidentally saw their results - one of them get second class lower and the another one a third class. That blasted my mind. Here I was, with a CGPA of 3.95/4.00 begging only for 1 year of deferment, not even a scholarship, but was denied. Here they were, spent 4 years in the UK fully sponsored and yet graduated with mediocre results.
Am I not as much a Malaysian as them? Being a 23 years old, I was utterly disheartened and disappointed.
Part II (c): The Only Way out
It was just a few days after I came back from Petronas education unit that I received a call from an American oil and gas company informing me that I was recruited. How did I get the job? While searching for scholarships to Cambridge, I casually attended 5 stages of job interviews with this company as my mom advised me to go for job interview experience. The salary would allow me to pay up my Petronas bond in just a few months! Since the offer was great and there was no way that I could attend Cambridge anyway, I decided to take up the job.The company assigned me to Turkmenistan where I spent most of my next 2 years.
I was 24 years old when I left home for Turkmenistan and never thought I'll be back again. My plan was to climb up the corporate ladder and finally settle down in one of the developed countries.
Part II (c): When Money Rules
Being paid in a salary comparable to many general managers here in Malaysia, I managed to settle my bond with Petronas very quickly and saved some for myself. With the traveling allowances from the company, I traveled to many other countries too during the holidays. Life was great, I worked hard, played hard. Because of the good compensation scheme, I did not really think much about what I really want to do in life, my dream or my passion for the country. What I went after were money, bonus and performance. I became terribly self-centered.
I just didn't care anymore.
It was until 9th Mar 2008, when I opened The Star online and saw the news on the political tsunami that I realized how I still love and care about my country. They were just buried very deeply under my frustration and disappointment. How I wished I would be able to contribute to the change no matter how small the contribution was, instead of just seeing it as an outsider.
I began to question, why am I here? Is this really what I want to pursue? Do I do this because there's no more option? Do I do this just because of money? If I were born in the US with many other opportunities, would I still leave my home and do what I am doing now? How many more Malaysians out there left Malaysia because they went for better opportunities, just like myself and many other Malaysians abroad I've met throughout the years?
After more than half a year of consideration, I quit the job just months before my second promotion (when I still could resist the temptation). I wanted to be back to make a change to my nation, so that our next generation do not need to wander around the world for a better future, because the better future IS in Malaysia. I knew that I am a nobody and of me coming back would not help much, but I thought I should just do my part as a Malaysian, to serve our nation, regardless.
However, before I was back for good, I wanted to fulfill my childhood dream first, that was, to study in Cambridge University. I did not need to worry about my finance anymore now as I could afford to pay for everything. So I re-applied and got the admission offer within a month. A double blessing to me was that Cambridge Gates Scholarship, the most prestigious post-graduate scholarship in Cambridge University, also offered me a full scholarship! Everything was paid for including air tickets, living expenses and school fees! I was and always will be grateful for Bill and Merlinda Gates Foundation.
With that, I went to Cambridge University at the age of 27 years old, a long-delayed dream finally came true.
Part II (d): Living Cambridge Dream
My experience in Cambridge continued to make my burden for Malaysia even stronger. Throughout the year, I've met with many brilliant Malaysian students or working adults from top universities in the UK. I usually asked if they will one day be back to Malaysia. For those with JPA or Petronas bond, they said yes because no choice, whereas for those who are not bonded, almost 80% said No or they'll only be back to Malaysia if they can't find a job in UK, Europe or US. Malaysia has become the last resort. For the Gates scholars, it's even more dismal. Out of the 10 who have received the scholarships from 2001 to 2010 (unfortunately none received the scholarship in 2011 and 2012), I am the ONLY 1 who is back.
Where do many of the talented Malaysians go? There are all at the foreign land seeking for better opportunities and a better future. Can we blame them for not coming back? NO, absolutely NOT. Malaysia has just too little to offer them.
Part III: Hello Malaysian Politics
After pursuing my personal dream, as I've promised myself, I was finally back to Malaysia to pursue my dream for the country. Even with a strong burden for the country, it hadn't crossed my mind that I should be in politics, mainly because to me, being a politician was too far-fetch. I had no idea as in where to start, what to do, and which party to join. Also, I had been non-partisan all my life. What I thought I would do to make a change was probably community works and joining NGOs.
Until my company did a project with Democratic Action Party (DAP) in their general election social media campaign that I was exposed to politics first hand. I finally came to realization that if I want to make a good impact in this nation, with the limited things I have, it can only be done effectively through politics.
So joining politics? It was a tough decision, especially this year, only 1 year plus after I started my own business. I am not a person that go after fame and power, why bother to join politics? In addition, I am already 29 years old, isn't that better for me to find a husband and start a family? (God knows, when I was young I wanted to get married at 25!). Why waste time fighting for a job, of which I'll risk losing every 5 years and getting a pay that is not even half of what I used to get? Why bother to play the so called 'dirty politics'? As my mom has so rightly put it, "you can have a decent and comfortable life now, why choose such a hard life?".
However, what my mom did not know, is my love for this nation since I was 18 years old, and my desire to see a better Malaysia.
As I look back my life, by the grace of God, I was blessed with good and free education, MNC job training as well as so many different opportunities of international exposure. What I want to do now is really to be a faithful steward to the gifts of God and use them to bless my fellow Malaysians.
"For everyone to whom much given, of him shall much be required" Luke 12:48
So I've made up my mind to join politics.
Even after I've decided that I should join politics, I wasn't quite sure of which party to join. I was still a non-partisan by then. So I examined through the ideology, history and leadership of different parties, and had finally come to a conclusion that DAP is the best choice for me.
Ideologically, with years of European influences (though a The Economist reader), I have always been a social democrat, so it fits just well. Historically, DAP stood the test of time and never wavered in its principle. Finally, I think I can follow the leadership of DAP without worry because most of the time they make sense to me (unlike the other side) and most importantly, they uphold integrity and righteousness.
One setback of DAP to me was the party ethnicity-mix. It is still made-up of mostly Chinese and I am definitely not very into a race-based party. However, as I was involved in the Roketkini (DAP Malay news portal) Facebook page promotion, I could see the effort of DAP to reach out to Malay population and a genuine intention top down to make DAP a multiracial party. No party is perfect anyway. So I decided to join DAP and believe that through hard-work and time, we can build a true multiracial party together.
Part IV: Hope for the Future
So now, I am in politics and volunteering in DAP. What am I going to do for the next 20-30 years in politics?
Firstly, my heart is to use my gifts to serve the people regardless of income, race and religion. I believe politician is in fact public servant, we should always work towards maximizing the interest of the public.
For the long run, my hope for Malaysia is very simple. I hope that through the hard work of our generation, we'll make sure that Malaysia can be a land of opportunities and equality for our children. I hope that Malaysia can be a land where, no matter how big and what your dreams are, they can be fulfilled here; and no matter what your potential are, they can be reached here. I hope that our children, no matter where they are outside of Malaysia, they will so look forward to come back to Malaysia. I hope for a Malaysia that is free from corruption, united regardless or race and religion as well as competitive in the global economy.
And now, I shall work hard for it. May God bless the works of our hands.
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