英文也有「被消失」
針對上一則關於「勘譯功德院」的發文,有位網友私訊表達支持,謝謝。但他說,「disappear 這個只能主動,不能用被動,因此要將was disappeared 改為disappeared才正確。即便是為了符合中文的『被消失』,似乎也不該以英文文法的正確性為代價。」
我的回覆:
抱歉我選擇公開回覆並且未具名引述你的話,因為這是一個切磋學習的機會。針對disappear當成及物動詞,請有興趣的朋友上網查詢這個「近期」的用法,英文中文皆然,我甚至認為,中文的新用法「被消失」很可能是仿自、翻譯自英文的to disappear someone; someone was disappeared。語言不斷演進,disappear做及物動詞,已有一百多年了歷史,好一點的、新一點的大字典已收。台灣的「規範派」(prescriptivist)制式英語學習環境或許還來不及教到這個字義。
例如,知名的American Heritage Dictionary第四版,未列出及物用法。幾年前推出的第五版,收了:
https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=disappear
這顯示,好字典必須與時俱進才不被淘汰。另一部著名的美式英語字典,Merriam-Webster,收得更早。
又如,下文指出,disappear的新義,語帶委婉或戲謔的用法,早在1961就有知名英文小說家使用了。
https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/111998/disappear-as-a-transitive-verb
// OED shows that disappear has been used as a transitive verb for a surprisingly long time:
3. trans. To cause to disappear.
1897 Chem. News 19 Mar. 143 : We progressively disappear the faces of the dodecahedron.
However its euphemistic use is a bit more recent, and specifically relates to the rule of the Argentine military junta in the late 1970s.
b. trans. euphem. To abduct or arrest (a person), esp. for political reasons, and subsequently to kill or detain as a prisoner, without making his or her fate known.Freq. with reference to Latin America. //
The modern, euphemistic, transitive use can be found many times before the OED's 1979 citation, in Joseph Heller's 1961 novel Catch-22:
She had urgent news about Dunbar.
'They're going to disappear him,' she said.
Yossarian squinted at her uncomprehendingly. 'They're what?' he asked in surprise, and laughed uneasily. 'What does that mean?'
'I don't know. I heard them talking behind a door.'
'Who?'
'I don't know. I couldn't see them. I just heard them say they were going to disappear Dunbar.'
'Why are they going to disappear him?'
'I don't know.'
'It doesn't make sense. It isn't even good grammar. What the hell does it mean when they disappear somebody?'
'I don't know.'
Jesus, you're a great help!'
'Why are you picking on me?' Nurse Duckett protested with hurt feelings, and began sniffing back tears. 'I'm only trying to help. It isn't my fault they're going to disappear him, is it? I shouldn't even be telling you.' //
StackExchange上的這個English Language & Usage論壇,深入紮實而優質,常有說母語且熱衷語言學的人士參與,是個發問、學習道地英語的大寶庫,大力推薦。也有一個較初階,專為英語學習者所設的版本,同樣高品質:
https://ell.stackexchange.com/
#EnglishGrammar
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過4,170的網紅Wall Street English Hong Kong,也在其Youtube影片中提到,今次搵嚟 Wall Street English 英語導師 Justin 教你正確將嗰四句中文翻譯成英文。有個專業可靠人士教你 ─ 學英文,無難度! 有埋Wall Street English 學成保證計劃 https://bit.ly/2zpy3gd 保障學生學有所成! About Wal...
latin language中文 在 妙雅 Miaoya Facebook 的最讚貼文
😮
不像中文裡簡單的一到十二月,在許多語言中,各個月份都有屬於自己的名字。
大部分歐洲語言的月份名字來自羅馬神話中的神明,而波蘭的月份名字,則是從農民曆來的!
就讓我們一個個來看它們的起源吧:
Styczeń(一月):「stykać」意思是會面的意思,代表舊的一年與新的一年在一月彷彿見到彼此一樣連接起來。
Luty(二月):在古波蘭文中,「luty」表示「強烈的」、「冷霜」、「極寒」。
Marzec(三月):「marznąć」表示「使……結凍」,也有些人認為這個字來自羅馬神話中的戰神Mars,波文拼法是「Martius」。
Kwiecień(四月):「kwiecie」表示花兒。在經歷極寒的二到三月後,終於春暖花開。
Maj(五月):這是唯一一個確認來自羅馬曆的月份名字,女神「Maia」是豐饒、成長之神,在波蘭文中也是同樣的意思。相近的字中,「majowka」代表的則是戶外旅行。
Czerwiec(六月):波蘭字「czerw」表示抓取,抓取什麼呢?答案是蜜蜂或蛾的幼蟲!在六月,以前的人們會抓幼蟲拿來曬乾,再製成紅色或紫色的顏料。也有人說六月這個波蘭字是來自「czerwiec」,代表變紅或成熟的意思。
Lipiec(七月):七月的名字來自「lipa」這個表示「椴樹」的波蘭字。椴樹在這個時期開花,在波蘭尤其普遍。波蘭詩人揚·科哈諾夫斯基(Jan Kochanowski)就曾作一首詩:〈關於椴樹(Na lipe)〉,其中一段「gosciu siadz pod ma lipa a odpoczyn sobie」即表示「貴客,請到我的椴樹下歇息」。
Sierpień(八月):「sierp」代表鐮刀,在這個豐收的季節,鐮刀自然是不可或缺的工具。
Wrzesień(九月):「wrzosy」表示石楠花,九月時,這種美麗的紫色會在各處盛放。
Październik(十月):「paździerz」表示亞麻或大麻的木質乾燥部分。從前這兩種植物是用來做布料的,十月的時候,風會帶走田地上所有的製完布料後剩餘的部分,在波蘭文中叫作「paździerze」。
Listopad(十一月):這個字來自「padajace liscie」,即落葉之意。
Grudzień(十二月):十二月寒冷的天氣讓地面都結冰了,「gruda」這個字就是指結冰的地面哦!
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了解波蘭月份名字的由來之後,是不是讓你覺得背這些單字更得心應手了呢?
如果這樣的程度太簡單的話,來試試這個跟月份有關的影片吧:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUXa5Hg_QzI
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Did you know that Poland did not adopt Latin names for months and has its own unique names? Unlike many other European countries that derive the names of the months from the Roman names of gods, caesars' or numbers, Polish names of the months take their origins in farmers' calendar. Check out their unique names in the list below.
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1. Styczeń - stykać means "to meet" - "to join" since the old year "meets the new year in January
2. Luty - luty in old Polish means "fierce", "bitter frost", "freezing cold"
3. Marzec - from marznac meaning " to freeze". Some people believe that this name comes also from Roman God "Martius" - in Polish Mars.
4. Kwiecień - from kwiecie - flowers - a blooming month.
5. Maj - this is the only name which was adopted from Roman calendar devoted to goddess Maia. Maia was the Roman female deity of growth or fertility.This name gained its own meaning in the Polish language, for instance as majowka- the outdoor trip.
6. Czerwiec - from czerw meaning "grab" - the larva of a bee or moth. In this month people were picking up the larves, dry them in the sun, and then made from it a red or purple die (pigment); therefore the name "czerw" comes from "redden" and some sources also derive the name of Polish June from a Polish word "czerwienic" - to redden or rippen
7. Lipiec - from lipa - "linden tree" - which flowers in that time; this tree is very popular in Poland. There is a famous poem by Kochanowski "Na lipe" (about Linden tree) - "gosciu siadz pod ma lipa a odpoczyn sobie" - "dear visitor -please sit under my linden tree and relax".
8. Sierpień - sierp is "a sickle" used for harvesting (tool to cut the hay, grass or wheat)
9. Wrzesień - from wrzosy - "heather" that beautifully purple in that time of the year
10. Październik - from paździerz - wooden dry part remained from flax or hemp. In the past flax and hemp was used for making cloths. In that time of the year the wind was carrying out "paździerze" - the wooden waste remained after flax and hemp - all over the fields.
11. Listopad - padajace liscie - falling leaves.
12. Grudzień - gruda - hardened ground which is caused by cold weather.
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To see more about months in Polish, you can watch this video (in Polish):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HBNroYoYQiY
(Adapted from culture.polishsite.us)
latin language中文 在 艾力克斯 Alex Facebook 的最佳解答
哈哈!沒想到今天早上po的照片可以讓大家吵得這麼快樂!我拿出手機拍兒子第一天升小二,搞到變成討論書包、語言。我們太愛你們了,大家都對我們的FB這麼熱情。我來解釋一下。
1. 我每次po都用中英文雙語寫。我也提醒詠嫻要多寫中文。我英文可以一分鐘打60個字,中文打6個!!超慢的,但是我們還是要練。然後我早上寫“開學了”我以為是中文。對不起。哈哈;)加上國外的粉絲有超過3萬所以英文也要用。
2. 其實背書包這件事我跟詠嫻都討論過。我小時候都自己背但是我的書包到國一才跟Ryder現在小二的這麼重。最近美國有很多報道關於背書包應為小朋友都開學了。但是我看的都是英文,一定也有同樣的中文報道。http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/…/heavy-backpacks-can-trigge…/
http://usgovinfo.about.com/…/consumerawa…/a/backpacktips.htm
重點是小朋友背包的重量應該最多是他們體重的15%。長期背以後很有可能會有問題。Ryder 22公斤,他的背包4.5公斤有時候超過5公斤!那是20-25%!!有沒有人可以找中文的報道?找到寄給我,我來po。
Anyway,要不要幫你小朋友背書包你們自己決定。Ryder在長高大一點我們就讓他背。Makayla會找個男生幫她背!哈哈!
謝謝大家的支持!
LOL! Didn't realize when I posted the picture this morning it would be the topic of such a passionate debate. Just wanted to capture the moment of Ryder going off to 2nd Grade. The comments became a debate about who should carry the backpack and the language of my posts. That's why we love this FB page cuz our fans are so passionate about everything. Here's our two cents.
1. When I post, I always make it bilingual and I remind Jackie the same. I can type 60 words/min in English and my Chinese comes in at a snail's pace of 6 words/min. Serious! It's taken me like an hour to write the above in Chinese. Anyway, we think it's important to write in both languages because a bulk of our fans are from Taiwan but there are thousands that live abroad. Anyway, when I posted this morning“開學了”, I really thought the three words were in Chinese. As of tonight, I still to. Contrary to a couple of people who may read it as Latin. haha! JK.
2. Now the serious part. Jackie and I actually discussed this whole backpack thing many times and there have been numerous news reports about it cuz it's back to school season. Basically it says, children's backpacks are getting heavier and long term abuse can lead to back pain and other problems. A child should carry, at most, 15% of his body weight. Well, Ryder weighs 22kg and his bag his 4.5kg and on most days it is over 5kg which is 20-25% of his weight. That's like me carrying Ryder to school everyday on my back which would be crazy.
http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/…/heavy-backpacks-can-trigge…/
So if you want your child to carry his/her backpack, then be my guest. Everyone is free to make their own decisions. You just gotta live with them. Ryder will definitely carry his own bag when he gets a little bigger and stronger. But for now, mommy will carry it and daddy will just walk behind taking pictures. haha! Plus Makayla, I'm sure, will just find a boy to carry her bag!!!!
Good luck, and we really thank everyone for the support.
latin language中文 在 Wall Street English Hong Kong Youtube 的最佳解答
今次搵嚟 Wall Street English 英語導師 Justin 教你正確將嗰四句中文翻譯成英文。有個專業可靠人士教你 ─ 學英文,無難度!
有埋Wall Street English 學成保證計劃 https://bit.ly/2zpy3gd
保障學生學有所成!
About Wall Street English:
Established in 1972, Wall Street English is the largest specialized English language teaching organization in the world. We have provided English training to over 2 million students across over 400 centres in 28 countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America and the Middle East.
The company established its first Asian centre in Hong Kong in 2000 and has since expanded further into the region.
Wall Street English Hong Kong operates 5 centres catering to individuals and corporate students.