今早為Asian Medical Students Association Hong Kong (AMSAHK)的新一屆執行委員會就職典禮作致詞分享嘉賓,題目為「疫情中的健康不公平」。
感謝他們的熱情款待以及為整段致詞拍了影片。以下我附上致詞的英文原稿:
It's been my honor to be invited to give the closing remarks for the Inauguration Ceremony for the incoming executive committee of the Asian Medical Students' Association Hong Kong (AMSAHK) this morning. A video has been taken for the remarks I made regarding health inequalities during the COVID-19 pandemic (big thanks to the student who withstood the soreness of her arm for holding the camera up for 15 minutes straight), and here's the transcript of the main body of the speech that goes with this video:
//The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, continues to be rampant around the world since early 2020, resulting in more than 55 million cases and 1.3 million deaths worldwide as of today. (So no! It’s not a hoax for those conspiracy theorists out there!) A higher rate of incidence and deaths, as well as worse health-related quality of life have been widely observed in the socially disadvantaged groups, including people of lower socioeconomic position, older persons, migrants, ethnic minority and communities of color, etc. While epidemiologists and scientists around the world are dedicated in gathering scientific evidence on the specific causes and determinants of the health inequalities observed in different countries and regions, we can apply the Social Determinants of Health Conceptual Framework developed by the World Health Organization team led by the eminent Prof Sir Michael Marmot, world’s leading social epidemiologist, to understand and delineate these social determinants of health inequalities related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
According to this framework, social determinants of health can be largely categorized into two types – 1) the lower stream, intermediary determinants, and 2) the upper stream, structural and macro-environmental determinants. For the COVID-19 pandemic, we realized that the lower stream factors may include material circumstances, such as people’s living and working conditions. For instance, the nature of the occupations of these people of lower socioeconomic position tends to require them to travel outside to work, i.e., they cannot work from home, which is a luxury for people who can afford to do it. This lack of choice in the location of occupation may expose them to greater risk of infection through more transportation and interactions with strangers. We have also seen infection clusters among crowded places like elderly homes, public housing estates, and boarding houses for foreign domestic helpers. Moreover, these socially disadvantaged people tend to have lower financial and social capital – it can be observed that they were more likely to be deprived of personal protective equipment like face masks and hand sanitizers, especially during the earlier days of the pandemic. On the other hand, the upper stream, structural determinants of health may include policies related to public health, education, macroeconomics, social protection and welfare, as well as our governance… and last, but not least, our culture and values. If the socioeconomic and political contexts are not favorable to the socially disadvantaged, their health and well-being will be disproportionately affected by the pandemic. Therefore, if we, as a society, espouse to address and reduce the problem of health inequalities, social determinants of health cannot be overlooked in devising and designing any public health-related strategies, measures and policies.
Although a higher rate of incidence and deaths have been widely observed in the socially disadvantaged groups, especially in countries with severe COVID-19 outbreaks, this phenomenon seems to be less discussed and less covered by media in Hong Kong, where the disease incidence is relatively low when compared with other countries around the world. Before the resurgence of local cases in early July, local spread of COVID-19 was sporadic and most cases were imported. In the earlier days of the pandemic, most cases were primarily imported by travelers and return-students studying overseas, leading to a minor surge between mid-March and mid-April of 874 new cases. Most of these cases during Spring were people who could afford to travel and study abroad, and thus tended to be more well-off. Therefore, some would say the expected social gradient in health impact did not seem to exist in Hong Kong, but may I remind you that, it is only the case when we focus on COVID-19-specific incidence and mortality alone. But can we really deduce from this that COVID-19-related health inequality does not exist in Hong Kong? According to the Social Determinants of Health Framework mentioned earlier, the obvious answer is “No, of course not.” And here’s why…
In addition to the direct disease burden, the COVID-19 outbreak and its associated containment measures (such as economic lockdown, mandatory social distancing, and change of work arrangements) could have unequal wider socioeconomic impacts on the general population, especially in regions with pervasive existing social inequalities. Given the limited resources and capacity of the socioeconomically disadvantaged to respond to emergency and adverse events, their general health and well-being are likely to be unduly and inordinately affected by the abrupt changes in their daily economic and social conditions, like job loss and insecurity, brought about by the COVID-19 outbreak and the corresponding containment and mitigation measures of which the main purpose was supposedly disease prevention and health protection at the first place. As such, focusing only on COVID-19 incidence or mortality as the outcomes of concern to address health inequalities may leave out important aspects of life that contributes significantly to people’s health. Recently, my research team and I collaborated with Sir Michael Marmot in a Hong Kong study, and found that the poor people in Hong Kong fared worse in every aspects of life than their richer counterparts in terms of economic activity, personal protective equipment, personal hygiene practice, as well as well-being and health after the COVID-19 outbreak. We also found that part of the observed health inequality can be attributed to the pandemic and its related containment measures via people’s concerns over their own and their families’ livelihood and economic activity. In other words, health inequalities were contributed by the pandemic even in a city where incidence is relatively low through other social determinants of health that directly concerned the livelihood and economic activity of the people. So in this study, we confirmed that focusing only on the incident and death cases as the outcomes of concern to address health inequalities is like a story half-told, and would severely truncate and distort the reality.
Truth be told, health inequality does not only appear after the pandemic outbreak of COVID-19, it is a pre-existing condition in countries and regions around the world, including Hong Kong. My research over the years have consistently shown that people in lower socioeconomic position tend to have worse physical and mental health status. Nevertheless, precisely because health inequality is nothing new, there are always voices in our society trying to dismiss the problem, arguing that it is only natural to have wealth inequality in any capitalistic society. However, in reckoning with health inequalities, we need to go beyond just figuring out the disparities or differences in health status between the poor and the rich, and we need to raise an ethically relevant question: are these inequalities, disparities and differences remediable? Can they be fixed? Can we do something about them? If they are remediable, and we can do something about them but we haven’t, then we’d say these inequalities are ultimately unjust and unfair. In other words, a society that prides itself in pursuing justice must, and I say must, strive to address and reduce these unfair health inequalities. Borrowing the words from famed sociologist Judith Butler, “the virus alone does not discriminate,” but “social and economic inequality will make sure that it does.” With COVID-19, we learn that it is not only the individuals who are sick, but our society. And it’s time we do something about it.
Thank you very much!//
Please join me in congratulating the incoming executive committee of AMSAHK and giving them the best wishes for their future endeavor!
Roger Chung, PhD
Assistant Professor, CUHK JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, @CUHK Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong 香港中文大學 - CUHK
Associate Director, CUHK Institute of Health Equity
同時也有4部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過11萬的網紅Lukas Engström,也在其Youtube影片中提到,This week in Taiwan, by Lukas Engstrom: Please subscribe to show your support! 00:00 Intro 01:10 First Volcano Alert 02:26 (Another) EVA Pilot fired! ...
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Michael Kors Sofie 系列智能手錶
滿多人喜歡這款
第四代 價格超蛀牙!
✅兩色可選 玫瑰金配粉/玫瑰金配黑
錶帶可拆,可另購錶帶換,但目前Halo沒代購錶帶
矽膠錶帶但上面紋路仿皮紋路
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他家智能手錶一直改良
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交換戴mk的錶是真的時尚好多😂
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擁有一隻可無限變換 跟著衣服一起換穿搭 ⌚️
YouTube 🈶️人開箱介紹 但不是說中文唷😂
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✅Battery Life: Estimated all day
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*預購14-21工作天提前收到提前出
只要五千多買到
只有這色金色 配矽膠錶帶
可測心跳💗 新款smartwatch
這款唷特別的是他直接搭的是矽膠錶帶🌟很多人其實最愛矽膠的了
運動帶超方便 又輕
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✅錶面寬:40mm
他家智能手錶一直改良
這隻好輕好薄
一樣可無限一直換錶面
我自己是MK的跟apple都有
交換戴mk的錶是真的時尚好多😂
且錶面變化超豐富
擁有一隻可無限變換 跟著衣服一起換穿搭 ⌚️
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This week in Taiwan, by Lukas Engstrom:
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01:10 First Volcano Alert
02:26 (Another) EVA Pilot fired!
03:25 New Virus Restrictions for Airline Crew
03:45 New Virus Restrictions for Taiwan
04:32 Sweden COVID Update
05:27 Taiwan raising minimum salary
07:02 MOFA purchasing San Francisco home for Taiwan office
07:38 Taiwan hit 8-month low jobless rate
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08:45 Lukas News Video Update
09:15 Voting
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ALBUM PLAYLIST · 播放全碟 ??
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©2018 C.W.A. Records
*********************************
[Hook: 奶油包]
點咗我枝brunt 好撚chill
點咗我枝brunt 好撚chill
點咗我枝brunt 好撚chill
點咗我枝brunt 好撚chill
夜晚戴黑超 我好chill
你條女好chill 好有feel
痴住我撒嬌 好撚cute
除咗我隻鏢 屌到聽朝
[Verse 1: 蜜蜂翁]
我多女過搖滾石頭
滷味依家就係香港搖滾石頭
好多Fans 入我 Benz
我覺得我好撚 Fancy
鞭個煲 唔知鞭咗邊個煲
鞭個煲個邊 鞭度邊爐變咗煲
外星人喺邊 佢哋邊度鞭個煲
外星人 去到邊度都要鞭個煲
富林太空站 我哋最撚高
所以日日都係太空站到鞭個煲
個個 fuckboy 亂咁親對 Nike
個個咁似Post Malone 我唔 Likey
[Hook: 奶油包]
[Verse 2: 漢和仔]
二十歲做左明星你仲係凡人
二十歲做左rockstar你凈識彈琴
有樓又有車我真係要還神
我係你追左四年個女神個男神
成日係到話個fuckboy 亂咁襯對Yeezy
其實只係嬲佢笑你著吳起bikini
叫我米奇尋晚屌左你個 Minnie
GTB 同老味每人一架 Lamborghini
Rap中文就rap到一舊舊
Rap英文好似含咁丅先生碌鳩
點起我支Brunt 好撚臭
叫埋 Dough-boy 去撼爆你個頭
[Hook: 奶油包]
[Verse 3: 馬太福音]
喂,飛來飛去走去出show
表面體落去 好似好多job撈
但係拿到呢D job真係好多job blow
你地誠實程度真係唔夠 Jon Snow
喂,歌詞裡面得番幾句喂
但係點樣講 都唔夠你歌詞廢
Chok聲 小心chok到你地喉嚨痛
咁樣衰,生仔千祈唔好求龍鳳
你地係咪真係好憎我啲歌詞
對得住我地永遠唔講 sorry
龍城大藥房係香港島既首都
鞭個煲記住鞭完就用手撈
[Hook: 奶油包]
low life中文 在 Al Rocco Youtube 的最佳貼文
是谁说我不会中文
给你个FREESTYLE
AL ROCCO
飞的王飞的王飞的王
中国人 getting that paper now
人民币在我口袋
全球美女都想过来
红八红八红八红八
韩国妹都叫我oba
我的音乐她的drama
应为她们喜欢drama
Im getting that paper and I go
Im getting that paper and I go
stacking paper on the low
我的兄弟一起走
我的 chain 24K
没有人在我的lane
this is life this aint no game
this is life this aint no game
semi automatic klashnakoff AK47
i got vocabularies like an ancient Chinese murder weapon
i got bad bitches in china and they be down for whatever
i got bad bitches in china and they be down for the summer
我是一个我是一个飞向太空元
@ALROCCO
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