跟著怡琳看世界 34
How does the Paralympic classification system work?
帕運的分類系統如何運作?
classification 分類
athlete 運動員
cornerstone 基石/基礎
eligible 有資格的
impairment 損傷/損害
prowess 高超的技能
Like the Olympics, the Paralympics are taking place a year after originally planned because of the delay caused by the coronavirus pandemic.
如同奧運,由於新冠肺炎大流行造成延誤,帕運比原計畫晚了一年舉行。
According to the International Paralympic Committee (IPC), there are 2550 male and 1853 female athletes taking part in Games, which run from August 24 to September 5.
根據國際帕運委員會(IPC)的統計,從8月24日到9月5日舉行的帕運,有2550名男性運動員和1853名女性運動員參與。
"Classification is the cornerstone of the Paralympic Movement, it determines which athletes are eligible to compete in a sport and how athletes are grouped together for competition,' says the IPC.
IPC說:「分類是帕運的基石,它決定哪些運動員有資格參加某項運動,以及如何分組參加比賽。」
What makes a Paralympian?
是什麼造就一位帕運運動員?
Paralympians are grouped together by the "degree of activity limitation resulting from the impairment," according to the IPC.
根據IPC的說法,帕運運動員是根據"因損傷導致的活動受限程度"來分組的。
As different sports require different physical demands, the IPC says the classification process "aims to minimize the impact of the impairment on athletes' performance" so that their athletic prowess is showcased.
由於不同的運動項目需要不同的身體需求,IPC表示分類的過程中,旨在"最大限度減少損傷對運動員表現造成的影響",以便展示他們高超的運動技能。
What do the classes in each sport mean?
每項運動的分類代表什麼?
The class groups athletes with similar athletic limitations so that they can compete to similar levels, but does not necessarily have to solely group athletes with the same eligible impairment.
分類會將具有相似運動限制的運動員分組在一起,讓他們以相似的水平競爭,但不一定必須將具有相同缺陷條件的運動員分在一起。
Because some impairments progress over time, athletes can change classification over time.
由於一些損傷會隨著時間流逝而有進展,因此運動員可以隨著時間而更改分類。
資料來源
https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/sport/paralympics-classification-explainer-spt-intl/index.html
同時也有4部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過9萬的網紅SoImJenn,也在其Youtube影片中提到,Farahann, a Malaysian gymnast, talks about her life as an athlete and how she overcomes her challenges during Movement Control Order. This lights up m...
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- 關於movement athlete 在 Facebook 的精選貼文
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movement athlete 在 Facebook 的精選貼文
【奧林匹克式舉重動作不能捨棄的理由】
分享《The System: Soviet Periodization Adapted for the American Strength Coach》書中對奧林匹克式舉重的看法。該書的作者們並沒有否定專項訓練的重要性,但強調現階段(美國許多力量教練)用其他動作「取代」奧林匹克式舉重是不智的作法,主要的理由是上膊和抓舉能訓練到「大範圍動作」與「全身性」的「爆發力」與「速度」。下面附上原文、我的譯文和懸垂式上膊的訓練側拍影片:
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#以下為譯文,最後附上原文,若有發現翻譯不到位或有問題的地方,非常歡迎也希望各界指正!
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近年來,隨著人們越來越重視力量訓練中的安全性,以及所謂的「專項力量」訓練,奧林匹克式舉重動作已不再受到許多力量教練的青睞。主要的理由是,如果運動員不是要參加奧林匹克舉重比賽,有更好的爆發力訓練動作可以選,它們更容易轉化為運動賽場上的成績,而且這些動作不用移動那麼大的重量,所以對身體的壓力與風險會低很多。
為了甩開風險,有許多擲藥球或更有創意的動作已經在許多運動團隊的力量課表中取代上膊、抓舉、挺舉。在我們看來,這個鐘擺甩得太遠了,這些動作一直都能培養出世界上最強、最具爆發力運動員,現在卻要完全捨棄,實在太過極端。
我們要瞭解奧林匹克式舉重動作的主要目的是:通過「大範圍的動作」(特別是下肢)在全身產生最大的爆發力。
專攻奧林匹克式舉重選手和特別注重專項力量訓練的選手,這兩者的訓練課表,你最常發現的區別是:舉重選手是透過大範圍且快速的動作來訓練下肢;換言之,後者的動作幅度大都比較小。很多教練出於善意,使用了許多替代舉重的練習動作,但這些練習並沒有辦法達到舉重動作所需的柔韌性、協調性與力量輸出。
使用奧林匹克式舉重動作可以訓練到關節在較大彎屈幅度時的爆發力和穩定度,那也是身體在賽場上可能會碰到的幅度。(譯者註:當然對純跑者和泳者來說就並非如此了,不過自行車選手和大部分的球類運動相當符合)
一位運動員在進行完整的抓舉、挺舉時,如果進步太快或是沒有經過正確的指導再加上大重量,的確會導致受傷。但所有的訓練動作都是這樣,只要進階太快、操作不當或重量太重都會受傷,所以問題不在動作,而在於教練沒讓運動員準備好。
像美式足球或籃球這種運動的動作幅度很大,執行動作時需要高度的柔軟度與力量;在提升這些能力上,奧林匹克式舉重動作會比擲藥球的訓練更有效率。這些動作並不危險,只要你能先評估他們的身體是否有能力安全完成這些動作,事先對舉重動作進行規劃與指導,以及循序漸近地增加重量和動作難度,那麼很多顧慮都會消失。
當你能有效且適當地進行奧林匹克式舉重訓練,你會發現它的好處遠遠大於缺點。
(但作者也強調並不是每個人一開始都適合練奧林匹克式舉重動作)
一開始先別進行大量且高強度的奧林匹克式舉重訓練,最好先等到運動員們至少已經練了幾年之後才能大量的練。如果他們在早期要發展爆發力,可在運動員學習和改善舉重動作時先進行「跳躍」與「增強式訓練」。
無論什麼動作,練熟了動作的技術之後,接下來「速度」是第一位。雖然體育界很重視力量和肌肥大,但力量所表現出來的速度才是真正分出運動員實力差異的關鍵所在。
在健力(powerlifting)比賽中,動作的速度並不重要,目標是舉得更重,不管花多長時間,比賽結果只看重量。但在美式足球場上,最強壯的線鋒球員若不能迅速將力量轉化為控制對手防守球員的能力,他們就不能算是成功的進攻組球員。同理,一位能肩推數百磅重的鉛球選手,如果他不能用全身的力量來加速擲出鉛球,他也將無法把獎牌帶回家。
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#原文如下
THE OLYMPIC LIFTING CONTROVERSY
In recent years with the increasing emphasis on safety in strength training and what is termed “sport specific” training, the Olympic lifts have fallen out of favor with many strength coaches. The argument is that if you are not competing in Olympic lifting, there are better options for training explosive strength that translate more readily to sports performance, without the risks and strain inherent in rapidly moving heavy weights.
Variations of medicine ball throws or more creative exercises have taken the place of cleans, snatches, and jerks in the strength programming of many teams as coaches try to reduce those risks. In our opinion, the pendulum has swung too far away from using the movements that have consistently produced the strongest and most explosive athletes in the world.
The main goal of the Olympic lifts is to generate maximal power and explosive strength in the entire body through large ranges of motion, particularly for the lower extremities.
The differences you will most often find between the training regimen of an Olympic weightlifter and of athletes performing more “sport specific” training are that weightlifters consistently take the lower extremities through high-speed, large range-of-motion exercises. Many of the substituted movements and exercises used by a well-intentioned strength coach do not come close to demanding and developing the flexibility, coordination, and force output demanded by the weightlifting exercises.
It is true that subjecting an athlete to a full snatch or jerk with a substantial amount of weight without the proper instruction or progression will often result in injury. However, that holds true for any exercise. It is not the fault of the exercise, but rather the coach’s fault for failing to prepare the athlete to succeed.
Dynamic sports like football or basketball require suppleness and strength expressed through large ranges of motion; the Olympic lifts are more effective at facilitating those qualities than a medicine ball toss. If you assess an athlete to be physically capable of performing the movements safely and if the lifts are programmed and coached effectively and progressed in both weight and complexity, many concerns diminish.
You will discover that when implemented effectively and appropriately, the benefits of the Olympic lifts far outweigh the drawbacks.
A significantly high volume of Olympic lifting is best left to the athletes with at least a few years of training under their belts. For developing athletes such as these, the power and explosive qualities can be addressed through jumping or plyometric training as the Olympic lifts are coached and refined over time.
After mastering technical efficiency and form, no matter what the movement, speed should always be the priority. Although strength and muscle hypertrophy are important in the world of sports, the rapid expression of that strength is what separates athletes on the field of play.
In the sport of powerlifting, the speed of the movement is not critical. The goal is to lift the maximum weight, however long it takes. On the football field, the strongest linemen will rarely succeed if they cannot rapidly translate that strength to control an oncoming defender. A shot putter who can military press hundreds of pounds will not take home a medal without the ability to explosively accelerate the entire body to throw the shot.
(extracted from page 101~102)
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若有發現翻譯不到位或有問題的地方,非常歡迎也希望各界指正!
movement athlete 在 陳曉謙物理治療師/肌力與體能訓練師 Facebook 的精選貼文
【醫師、教練為什麼要學肌動學?】
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以下這些名詞,可以稍微檢測自己對肌動學的了解:
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「arthrokinematics, osteokinematics, kinematics, joint movement (slide/roll/spin), creep, antagonist, length-tension curve, lumbopelvic rhythm…. 」(文章的最後還有更多名詞)
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「醫師的養成教育裡面沒有『肌動學』,但我認為對有在處理肌肉骨骼系統、運動傷害等的科別,包括復健科、骨科等,如果能對肌動學有基礎的概念,那個醫師會變超強」
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「教練們常說受傷要找物理治療師,可能是我們對於『動作分析』及『運動治療』的擅長,而這兩種能力最大的貢獻莫過於肌動學」
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最近剛跟幾位朋友,進行完肌動學的讀書會,讀的是物理治療系在肌動學課程的指定參考書。其中兩位朋友,分別是疼痛科跟復健科醫師,都很認同肌動學的重要性,我也認為肌動學對「肌肉骨骼系統、運動傷害、運動訓練」等領域的專家是不可或缺的,所以寫了這篇文章給大家參考。
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🔸 什麼是肌動學?
肌動學(Kinesiology),簡單來說,是「人體動作的知識(the study of human movement)』。更詳細的說法是「探討肌肉骨骼系統的結構及功能,以及肌肉骨骼系統在生物力學如何應用」的學問。
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物理治療師,普遍是在沒有影像學檢查或動刀下,就要直接分析病人的問題、可能的診斷。因此,「所有的骨頭跟肌肉的位置、每個肌肉會產生什麼動作、關節是如何移動、會影響到什麼軟組織、由哪個神經所支配、會與其他肌肉怎麼合作等」,都是必須從肌動學,習得的知識。
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🔸 物理治療師的腦袋在想什麼?
肌動學就是讓我們腦中有一個畫面,想像「病人受傷時,身體裡面的肌肉骨骼系統發生了什麼事情。」
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心裡想的可能是:
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「他深蹲時髖關節會痛,可能是femoral head 做的inferior glide limited,而abnormal arthrokinematics來自iliopsoas的spasm,spasm/guarding可能是在lumbopelvic stability不足所導致」。
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最後,這個深蹲時,髖關節會痛的病人是需要做腰椎穩定的訓練。
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也可能是:
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「他深蹲時髖關節會痛,是因為adductors longus 需要很大的 eccentric control,而eccentric contraction產生的張力又大於concentric時,因此在下降時會痛,上升的過程不會痛,而adductors 的 tendon反覆拉扯造成pubic symphysis的irritation」
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同樣都是深蹲時髖關節會痛,這個病人則可能需要先由醫師做些消炎、止痛的處置,再配合其他離心訓練。
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🔸 學肌動學對不同角色的好處?
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✔ 對於醫療人員來說(治療運動傷害、肌肉骨骼疾病的),可以了解:
*同樣是髕骨肌腱炎,為什麼復健訓練的動作不同?
*怎麼透過伸展、關節鬆動術,來牽動五十肩沾黏的位置?
*健康跟受傷狀態下,肌肉的使用上會產生什麼改變?
*棘上肌肌腱在什麼情況下受力最大?
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舉例來說,骨科醫師針對十字韌帶斷裂,可能會進行手術來重建韌帶,但十字韌帶之所以受傷可能來自關節穩定性不足、肌力等,要分析或找出受傷的原因,肌動學就是那個橋樑。
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「注射、手術、藥物等,大多是在處理受傷造成的結果,但要找到受傷的原因,必須從動作的分析、了解身體怎麼產生動作、軟組織跟骨頭是怎麼交互作用等」
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✔ 對於教練、訓練師來說:
*肌肉擺在什麼長度下力量最大?
*髕骨在膝蓋彎曲多少度,接觸面積最小?
*訓練臀中肌的蚌殼訓練,為什麼讓髖擺在45度的位置?
*健康跟受傷狀態下,肌肉的使用上會產生什麼改變?
*針對不同運動項目,怎樣的訓練可以讓身體發揮最大的效率?
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🔸 重點整理:
*醫療上,肌動學是分析跟評估「肌肉骨骼疾病」、「運動傷害」很重要的武器
*訓練上,肌動學是能了解各個動作的優缺點、特性、哪些能做、哪些效果好
*專業之間的差異,就是對各個領域或科目,鑽研的深度不同,例如,物理治療師的肌動學、醫師的病理學、藥師的藥理學、教練的訓練法
*開始唸肌動學吧!
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下面的專有名詞,可以測試一下對肌動學暸解的程度:
arthrokinematics、osteokinematics、concave-convex rule、scapulohumeral rhythm、kinematics、kinetics、joint movement (slide、roll、spin)、creep、viscoelasticity、agonist、antagonist、synergist、stabilizer、mover、length-tension curve、active insufficiency、passive insufficiency、lumbopelvic rhythm、concentric、eccentric、isometric、isokinetic、isotonic、sliding filament theory、golgi-tendon organ、muscle spindle、recruitment、force-couple等
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其他文章:https://jackchen.sport.blog/
其他圖片:https://www.instagram.com/chenhc82/
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#肌動學 #運動 #動作 #運動傷害 #運動員 #動作分析 #物理治療師 #教練 #醫師 #肌力與體能訓練師 #陳曉謙 #kinesiology #physicaltherapist #coach #exercise #sportsinjury #training #movement #doctor #athlete #motionanaylsis #CSCS
movement athlete 在 SoImJenn Youtube 的精選貼文
Farahann, a Malaysian gymnast, talks about her life as an athlete and how she overcomes her challenges during Movement Control Order. This lights up my mood as I was so down during the lockdown.
movement athlete 在 William Lo Youtube 的精選貼文
橫移步不僅對籃球員是一項非常重要的技術,其實很多其他運動都需要用上這項技術,例如足球和網球。橫移步能夠幫助大家
1) 面向對手,第一時間作出反應
2) 快速轉向
3) 身體保持準備狀態和平衡
今次介紹以下橫移步訓練,希望能夠幫助大家增強運動表現。
1⃣單次橫移步
2⃣多次横移步
3⃣轉向橫移步
The Lateral Shuffle is a movement that is seen not only in basketball but all sports.
There are pros and cons to each movement. But the lateral shuffle allows you to
1.) Face up to your defender
2.) Change directions with ease
3.) Stay in an athletic and balanced position
The progression that we teach the shuffle is:
1⃣Single Shuffle
2⃣Double Shuffle
3⃣Hip Turn into Shuffle
The progression allows the athlete to feel the need to push the floor aggressively, as well as combine different movements into the shuffle, to make it as game like as possible!
Instagram @Willvlo
movement athlete 在 Colleen Augustin Youtube 的精選貼文
Special Thanks to 'Obstacle Sports Factory' for allowing me to film on their training ground.
movement athlete 在 The Movement Athlete - Facebook 的推薦與評價
The Movement athlete app is your ultimate companion for achieving your fitness goals through calisthenics training. 🏋️♂ ... ... <看更多>
movement athlete 在 The Movement Athlete (themovementathlete) - Profile - Pinterest 的推薦與評價
The Movement Athlete | The Movement Athlete brings progressive and bodyweight training into the hands of everyone at the fraction of the cost. ... <看更多>
movement athlete 在 The Movement Athlete - YouTube 的推薦與評價
Movement Athlete will take you on a bodyweight mastery journey of a lifetime. Start with our FREE Assessment and get a personalised training plan just for you: ... ... <看更多>