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「Suck」の使用はタブー?
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英語の「Suck」といえば、本来は「吸う」や「しゃぶる」などを意味し、性的な意味合いもあることから使用を避けられがちかと思いますが、ネイティブの日常会話では、いかがわしい意味以外のスラングとしても非常に頻繁に使われている単語なので、今日はその用法について触れていこうと思います。
~suckの本来の意味~
suckは本来、「吸う」や「しゃぶる」、「なめる」を意味する単語です。例えば、「ストローで吸う」は“Suck on a straw.”、「ペロペロキャンディーをなめる」は“Suck on a lollipop.”、「私の息子は親指をしゃぶります」は“My son sucks his thumb.”と言います。その他、“Vacuum cleaners suck dust from the floor.”のように、掃除機が床のホコリを吸い取る意味でも使えます。
~日常会話で使われるsuckの意味と用法~
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1) ____ sucks
→「ひどい / 最悪 / つまらない」
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suckは「ひどい」「最悪」「つまらない」の意味でよく使われる口語的な表現です。例えば、「この料理は最悪だ」は“This food sucks.”、「この映画はつまらない」は“That movie sucks.”、「私の仕事は最悪だ」は“My job sucks.”のように表現します。一般的に“____ sucks”の形式が使われます。
<例文>
That restaurant has a nice vibe, but the food sucks.
(あのレストランは雰囲気はいいけど、料理がひどいよ。)
I don't get what the hype is all about. I thought that movie sucked.
(なんであの映画がすごく話題になっているのか分からない。僕はあの映画は最悪だと思ったんだけどね。)
My job sucks. It doesn't pay well and I have to work long hours.
(私の仕事は最悪です。給料は安いし、長時間働かないといけない。)
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2) That sucks
→「それはひどいね / 残念だね / ついてないね」
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“That sucks.”は「それはひどいね」や「残念だね」、「ついてないね」を意味し、不幸や災難といった悪い出来事に対する同情を表す表現として使われるインフォーマルなフレーズです。
✔友人のペットや誰かが亡くなった場合など深刻なシーンでの使用は非常に失礼にあたるので避けましょう。その場合は、“I'm very sorry.”や“I'm sorry to hear that.”を使うようにしましょう。
<例文>
The tickets sold out? That sucks.
(チケットが売り切れ?ついていないね。)
I can't believe your flight got delayed for 8 hours. That sucks.
(飛行機が8時間も遅れるなんて信じられない。ホント、ありえないよね。)
That sucks. If I were you, I would have complained to the manager.
(それはひどい。私だったらマネージャーに文句を言ってるよ。)
〜会話例1〜
A: I just needed one more point to pass! It's so frustrating.
(あと1点で合格だったのに!悔しいよ。)
B: Ah man, that sucks.
(あー、それは残念だね。)
〜会話例2〜
A: I was supposed to study abroad in Vancouver this year, but it got canceled because of the coronavirus.
(今年はバンクーバーに留学する予定だったのにコロナで中止になっちゃったよ。)
B: Are you serious? That sucks. Hopefully, you can go next year.
(マジで?それは最悪。来年は行けるといいね。)
〜会話例3〜
A: It was raining the whole time I was there. It was terrible.
(旅行中、ずっと雨だったよ。最悪だった。)
B: Wow, that sucks. I had a similar experience when I went to Thailand last year.
(それはついてないね。私も去年タイに行った時、同じような経験をしたよ。)
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3) Suck(s) at ____
→「〜が下手 / 〜が苦手」
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suckはスポーツや楽器が「下手」、学校の科目が「苦手」と表現する時にも使うことができ、その場合は“suck at ____”の形式が使われます。例えば、「私はビリヤードが下手です」は“I suck at pool.”、「彼は運転が下手です」は“He sucks at driving.”、「彼女は絵を描くのが苦手です」は“She sucks at drawing.”のように表現します。
ちなみに、「君は下手くそだな」と言いたい時はシンプルに“You suck!”と言います。“You suck!”は状況によって、「君は役立たずだ」や「あなたは最低だ」の意味になることもあるので、状況に応じて判断しましょう。
✔「(彼は)〜が下手」→「(He) sucks at _____」
✔「(彼は)へたくそ」→「(He) sucks!」
<例文>
I suck at cooking. I go to the convenience store or order on Uber Eats every day.
(私は料理が下手なので、毎日コンビニに行くかUber Eatsで注文します。)
He seriously sucks at driving. Honestly, he shouldn't be on the road. It's hazardous.
(彼は運転が本当に下手。正直、彼は運転しない方がいいと思う。危険だよ。)
Is she really a professional singer? She sucks. She can't carry a tune.
(彼女は本当にプロの歌手なの?下手くそだね。音痴だよ。)
I suck at cooking. The only thing I can make is cup noodles.
(私は料理が下手です。カップ麺くらいしか作れません。)
I suck at math. I never liked math ever since I was a kid.
(私は数学が苦手です。子供の時からずっと数学は嫌いでした。)
He really sucks. He needs more practice.
(彼はホントに下手くそだね。もっと練習しないといけないよ。)
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4) Suck it up
→「我慢しなさい」
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“suck it up”は「我慢しなさい」を意味する口語的な言い方です。特にグダグダと愚痴をこぼしたり弱音を吐いている人に対して使われることが多く、文句を言わずに「我慢してやりなさい、終わらせないさい、なんとかしなさい」といった意味になります。“suck it up”は必ずこの組み合わせで使われるので、このまま覚えましょう。
<例文>
Look. I know you're exhausted, but suck it up. We have to finish this by today.
(クタクタに疲れているのは分かってるけど、我慢して。今日中に終わらせないといけないので)
My leg cramped up during the marathon, but I sucked it up and finished the race.
(マラソン中に足がつりましたが、我慢して完走しました。)
Don't put off your project. Just suck it up and finish tonight.
(プロジェクトを後回しにしない。つべこべ言わないで言わないで今夜中に終わらせない)
〜会話例〜
A: It's too hot. I don't want to do this anymore.
(暑すぎる。もうやりたくないよ。)
B: Suck it up. We're almost done. Let's finish up.
(もうすぐ終わるんだから我慢しなよ。終わらせよう。)
ブログ記事URL:https://hapaeikaiwa.com/?p=11154
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無料メルマガ『1日1フレーズ!生英語』配信中!
通勤・通学などのちょとした合間を利用して英語が学べるメルマガ『1日1フレーズ!生英語』を平日の毎朝6時に配信中!ただ単にフレーズを紹介しているだけではなく、音声を使った学習プロセスが組み込まれているので、メルマガを読むこと自体が学習方法!
https://hapaeikaiwa.com/mailmagazine/
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
never but用法 在 Hapa Eikaiwa Facebook 的最讚貼文
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「What if」を駆使して英語表現を豊にしよう!
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今日は覚えておくと英語の表現がとても豊かになる「What if」についてご紹介します。先の心配をしたり、たわいもない話をしたり、遠回しに何かを提案したり、喧嘩で開き直ったり、用法によって様々な状況で使える便利なフレーズです。
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1) What if _____?
→「もし〜だったらどうするの?」
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「What if」は「もしある出来事が起こったらどうするの?」を意味し、何かが将来に起こり得る可能性を示唆する時に使う表現です。「What are you going to do if _____?(〜が起こったらどうするの?」や「What should I do if _____?(〜が起こったら私はどうしたらいいの?」といった表現を簡潔にした便利なフレーズです。例えば、友達の誕生日パーティーを公園で開催しようと計画するなかで「雨が降ったらどうするの?」と発言する場合は「What if it rains?」となります。
✔一般的に好ましくない状況を仮定する場合に使うが、ポジティブな出来事に対しても使える。
<例文>
What if there's traffic? You should leave early.
(渋滞だったらどうするの?早めに出た方がいいよ。)
What if I get lost? I don't even have my cell phone.
(道に迷ったらどうすんねん?携帯もないねんで。)
But what if you succeed? Trust yourself. You can do it.
(でも成功したら?自分を信じなよ。絶対にできるって。)
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2) What (would you do) if _____?
→「もし〜だったらどうする?」
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「What if」は、実際には起こる可能性が低かったり、またはあり得ないようないわゆる妄想話をするときにもよく使われます。例えば、友達に「もし宝くじが当たったらどうする?」と聞く場合は「What would you do if you won the lottery?」となります。
✔「What if you were _____?」→「あなたがもし〜だったら」
✔「What if you could _____?」→「あなたがもし〜できたら」
✔「What if you had _____?」→「あなたがもし〜持っていたら」
<例文>
What if you were an animal? What would you want to be?
(もしあなたが動物だったら、なんの動物になりたいですか?)
What if you could live anywhere in the world? Where would you live?
(もし世界中のどこにでも住めるとしたら、どこに住みますか?)
What would you do if you only had 24 hours to live?
(もし24時間しか生きられへんかったら、どないする?)
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3) What if _____?
→「もし〜したらどうだろう?」
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何かを提案する時にも「What if」が使われることがあります。しかし提案内容をストレートに強く勧めるのではなく、考慮して欲しいといった気持ちを遠回しに伝えるニュアンスです。例えば、会社で上司に早退できるかを交渉したい場合、「What if I finish all my work? Can I go home early?(もし仕事を全部終わらせたら早めに帰ってもいいですか?)」という感じで使います。
<例文>
What if we called off the event? Would it be a problem?
(イベントを中止にしたら問題になるかな?)
What if he buys you a new laptop? Would you forgive him?
(もし彼が新しいパソコンを買ってくれたらどないすんの?許すんかいな?)
What if I promise to never be late again?
(もし私が、もう遅れないって約束したら?)
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4) So what if _____?
→「〜だから何だって言うの?」
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相手から何かについて責められている時に「だから何だって言うの?」「〜をして何が悪いの?」と開き直った態度を示す場合によく使われるフレーズで、多少怒りの気持ちが込められた表現になります。よくあるカップル同士の喧嘩で例えてみましょう。帰宅が遅かったことを問い詰めてくる相手に反発する定番フレーズが「So what if I came home late? I was just hanging out with my friends.(遅くなって何が悪いの?友達と遊んでいただけじゃん。)」です。(笑)
<例文>
So what if I lied? You would have been angry anyway.
(嘘ついたからって何だっていうの?どっちにしろ怒ってたでしょ。)
So what if I spent all my money last night. It's my money.
(昨晩、お金を全部使い果たしたけど何か?僕のお金だし。)
So what if I don't want to go to college. It's my choice. Leave me alone.
(大学に行きたないことの何があかんねん!?うちのことやねんし、ほっといてくれへんかな。)
ブログ記事URL:https://hapaeikaiwa.com/?p=9201
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
無料メルマガ『1日1フレーズ!生英語』配信中!
通勤・通学などのちょとした合間を利用して英語が学べるメルマガ『1日1フレーズ!生英語』を平日の毎朝6時に配信中!ただ単にフレーズを紹介しているだけではなく、音声を使った学習プロセスが組み込まれているので、メルマガを読むこと自体が学習方法!
https://hapaeikaiwa.com/mailmagazine/
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
never but用法 在 黃浩銘 Raphael Wong Facebook 的最佳解答
毋忘五大訴求 公民抗命有理
—10‧20九龍遊行陳情書
(案件編號:DCCC 535/2020)
——————————————————
「毋忘初衷,活在愛和真實之中」
撐阿銘,即訂閱Patreon:
patreon.com/raphaelwong
—————————————————
胡法官雅文閣下:
2012年,我第一次站在法庭上承認違反「公安惡法」,述說對普選的盼望,批評公安惡法不義,並因公民抗命的緣故,甘心樂意接受刑罰。當年我說,如果小圈子選舉沒有被廢除,惡法沒有消失,我依然會一如故我,公民抗命,並且我相信將會有更多學生和市民加入這個行列。想不到時至今日,普選仍然遙遙無期,我亦再次被帶到法庭接受審判,但只是短短7年,已經有數十萬計的群眾公民抗命,反對暴政。今日,我承認違反「未經批准的政府」所訂立「未經批准的惡法」之下的「未經批准集結」罪,我不打算尋求法庭的憐憫,但請容許我佔用法庭些微時間陳情,讓法庭在判刑前有全面考慮。
暴力之濫觴
在整個反修例運動如火如荼之際,我正承擔另一宗公民抗命案件的刑責。雖然身在獄中,但仍然心繫手足。我在獄中電視機前見證6月9日、6月16日及8月18日三次百萬港人大遊行,幾多熱愛和平的港人冒天雨冒彈雨走上街頭,抗議不義惡法,今日關於10月20日的案件,亦是如此。可能有人會問,政府已在6月暫緩修例,更在9月正式撤回修例,我等仍然繼續示威,豈非無理取鬧?我相信法官閣下肯定聽過「遲來的正義並非正義」(Justice delayed is justice denied)這句格言。當過百萬群眾走上街頭,和平表達不滿的時候,林鄭政府沒有理睬,反而獨行獨斷,粗暴踐踏港人的意願,結果製造出後來連綿不絕的爭拗,甚至你死我活的對抗。經歷眾多衝突痛苦之後,所謂暫緩撤回,已經微不足道,我們只是更加清楚:沒有民主,就連基本人權都不會擁有!
在本案之中,雖然我們都沒有鼓動或作出暴力行為,但根據早前8‧18及10‧1兩宗案件,相信在控方及法庭眼中,案發當日的暴力事件仍然可以算在我們頭上,如此,我有必要問:如果香港有一個公平正義的普及選舉,人民可以在立法會直接否決他們不認可的法律,試問2019年的暴力衝突可以從何而來呢?如果我們眼見的暴力是如此十惡不赦,那麼我們又如何看待百萬人遊行後仍然堅持推行惡法的制度暴力呢?如果我們不能接受人民暴力反抗,那麼我們是否更加不能對更巨大更壓逼的制度暴力沈默不言?真正且經常發生的暴力,是漠視人民訴求的暴力,是踐踏人民意見的暴力,是剝奪人民表達權利的暴力。真正憎恨暴力,痛恨暴力的人,不可能一方面指摘暴力反抗,又容忍制度暴力。如果我需要承擔和平遊行引發出來的暴力事件的刑責,那麼誰應該承擔施政失敗所引發出來的社會騷亂的罪責呢?
社會之病根
對於法庭而言,可能2019年所發生的事情只是一場社會騷亂,務必追究違法者個人責任。然而,治亂治其本源,醫病醫其病根,我雖然公民抗命,刻意違法,控方把我帶上法庭,但我卻不應被理解為一個「犯罪個體」。2019年所發生的事情,並不是我一個人或我們這幾位被告可以促成,社會問題的癥結不是「犯罪份子」本身,而是「犯罪原因」。我明白「治亂世用重典」的道理,但如果「殺雞儆猴」是解決方法,就不會在2016年發生旺角騷亂及2017年上訴庭對示威者施以重刑後,2019年仍然會爆發出更大規模的暴力反抗。
如果不希望社會動亂,就必須正本清源,逐步落實「五大訴求」,從根本上改革,挽回民心。2019年反修例運動,其實只是2014年雨傘運動的延續而已,縱使法庭可能認為兩個運動皆是「一股歪風」所引起,但我必須澄清,兩個運動的核心就是追求民主普選,人民當家作主。在2019年11月24日區議會選舉這個最類近全民普選的選舉中,接近300萬人投票,民主派大勝,奪得17個區議會主導權,這就是整個反修例運動的民意,民意就是反對政府決策,反對制度暴力,反對推行惡法,不容爭辯,不辯自明。我們作為礦場裡的金絲雀,多次提醒政府撤回修法,並從根本上改革制度,而在10月20日的九龍遊行當然是反映民意的平台契機。如今,法庭對我們施加重刑,其實只不過是懲罰民意,將金絲雀困在鳥籠之內,甚至扼殺於鼓掌之中,窒礙表達自由。
堅持之重要
大運動過後的大鎮壓,使我們失去《蘋果日報》,失去教協,失去民陣,不少民主派領袖以及曾為運動付出的手足戰友都囚於獄中,不少曾經熱情投入運動的朋友亦因《國安法》的威脅轉為低調,新聞自由示威自由日漸萎縮,公民社會受到沈重打擊,我亦失去不少摯友,有感傷孤獨的時候,但我仍然相信,2019年香港人的信念,以及所展現人類的光輝持久未變。我不會忘記百萬人民冒雨捱熱抗拒暴政,抵制惡法,展現我們眾志成城;我不會忘記人潮紅海,讓道救護車,展現我們文明精神;我不會忘記年青志士直接行動反對苛政,捨身成仁,展現我們膽色勇氣;我不會忘記銀髮一族走上街頭保護年青人,展現我們彼此關懷;我不會忘記「五大訴求」,不會忘記2019年區議會選舉,展現我們有理有節。
法官閣下,我對於當日的所作所為,不感羞恥,毫無悔意。我能夠在出獄後與群眾同行一路,與戰友同繫一獄,實是莫大榮幸。若法治失去民主基石,將使法庭無奈地接受專制政權所訂立解釋的法律限制,隨時變成政治工具掃除異見,因此爭取民主普選,建設真正法治,追求公平正義,仍然是我的理想。在這條路上,如有必要,我仍然會公民抗命,正如終審法院海外非常任法官賀輔明(Lord Hoffmann)所言,發自良知的公民抗命有悠久及光榮的傳統,歷史將證明我們是正確的。我期望,曾與我一起遊行抗命的手足戰友要堅持信念,在艱難歲月裡毋忘初衷,活在愛和真實之中。
最後,如9年前一樣,我想借用美國民權領袖馬丁路德金牧師的一番話對我們的反對者說:「我們將以自己忍受苦難的能力,來較量你們製造苦難的能力。我們將用我們靈魂的力量,來抵禦你們物質的暴力。對我們做你們想做的事吧,我們仍然愛你們。我們不能憑良心服從你們不公正的法律,因為拒惡與為善一樣是道德責任。將我們送入監獄吧,我們仍然愛你們。」(We shall match your capacity to inflict suffering by our capacity to endure suffering. We shall meet your physical force with soul force. Do to us what you will, and we shall continue to love you. We cannot in all good conscience obey your unjust laws because noncooperation with evil is as much a moral obligation as is cooperation with good. Throw us in jail and we shall still love you.)
願慈愛的主耶穌賜我們平安,與我和我一家同在,與法官閣下同在,與香港人同在。沒有暴徒,只有暴政;五大訴求,缺一不可!願榮耀歸上帝,榮光歸人民!
第五被告
黃浩銘
二零二一年八月十九日
Lest we forget the five demands: civil disobedience is morally justified
- Statement on 10‧20 Kowloon Rally
(Case No.: DCCC 535/2020)
Your Honour Judge Woodcock
In 2012, I stood before the court and admitted to violating the "Public Security Evil Law". I expressed my hope for universal suffrage, criticized the evil law as unjust, and willingly accepted the penalty for civil disobedience. Back then, I said that if the small-circle election had not been abolished and the draconian law had not disappeared, I would still be as determined as I was, and I believe that more students and citizens would join this movement. Today, universal suffrage is still a long way off, and I have been brought before the court again for trial. But in just seven years, hundreds of thousands of people have already risen up in civil disobedience against tyranny. Today, I plead guilty to "unauthorised assembly" under an unapproved evil law enacted by an unauthorised government. I do not intend to seek the court's mercy, but please allow me to take up a little time in court to present my case so that the court can consider all aspects before sentencing me.
The roots of violence
At the time when the whole anti-extradition law movement was in full-swing, I was taking responsibility for another civil disobedience case. Although I was in prison, my heart was still with the people. I witnessed the three million-person rallies on 9 June, 16 June and 18 August on television in prison, when many peace-loving people took to the streets despite the rain and bullets, to protest against unjust laws. Some people may ask, "The Government has already suspended the legislative amendments in June and formally withdrew the bill in September, but we are still demonstrating, are we not being unreasonable?" I am sure your Honour has heard of the adage "Justice delayed is justice denied". When more than a million people took to the streets to express their discontent peacefully, the Lam administration ignored them and instead acted arbitrarily, brutally trampling on the wishes of the people of Hong Kong, resulting in endless arguments and even confrontations. After so many conflicts and painful experiences, the so-called moratorium is no longer meaningful. We only know better: without democracy, we cannot even have basic human rights!
In this case, although we did not instigate or commit acts of violence, I believe that in the eyes of the prosecution and the court, the violence on the day of the incident can still be counted against us, based on the August 18 and October 1 case. And now I must ask - If Hong Kong had a fair and just universal election, and the public could directly veto laws they did not approve of at the Legislative Council, then how could the violent clashes of 2019 have come about? If the violence we see is so heinous, how do we feel about the institutional violence that insists on the imposition of draconian laws even after millions of people have taken to the streets? If we cannot accept violent rebellion, how can we remain silent in the face of even greater and more oppressive institutional violence? The true and frequent violence is the kind of violence that ignores people's demands, that tramples on their opinions, that deprives them of their right to express themselves. People who truly hate violence and abhor it cannot accuse violent resistance on the one hand and tolerate institutional violence on the other. If I have to bear the criminal responsibility for the violence caused by the peaceful demonstration, then who should bear the criminal responsibility for the social unrest caused by failed administration?
The roots of society's problems
From a court's point of view, it may be that what happened in 2019 was just a series of social unrest, and that those who broke the law must be held personally accountable. What happened in 2019 was not something that I alone or the defendants could have made possible, and the crux of the social problem was not the 'criminals' but the 'causes of crime'. I understand the concept of " applying severe punishment to a troubled world", but if "decimation" was really the solution, there would not have been more violent rebellions in 2019 after the Mongkok "riot" in 2016 and the heavy sentences handed down to protesters by the Court of Appeal in 2017.
If we do not want social unrest, we must get to the root of the problem and implement the "five demands" step by step, so as to achieve fundamental reforms and win back the hearts of the people. 2019's anti-revision movement is indeed a continuation of 2014's Umbrella Movement, and even though the court may think that both movements are caused by a "perverse wind", I must clarify that the core of both movements is the pursuit of democracy and universal suffrage, and the people being the masters of their own house. In the District Council election on 24 November 2019, which is the closest thing to universal suffrage, nearly 3 million people voted, and the democratic camp won a huge victory, winning majority in 17 District Councils. As canaries in the monetary coal mine, we have repeatedly reminded the government to withdraw the extradition bill and fundamentally reform the system, and the march in Kowloon on 20 October was certainly an opportunity to reflect public opinion. Now, by imposing heavy penalties on us, the court is only punishing public opinion, trapping the canaries in a birdcage, or even stifling them in the palm of their hands, suffocating the freedom of expression.
The importance of persistence
As a result of the crackdown after the mass movement, we lost Apple Daily, the Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union, and the Civil Human Rights Front. Many of our democratic leaders and comrades who had contributed to the movement were imprisoned, and many of our friends who had been passionately involved in the movement had been forced to lay low under the threat of the National Security Law. I still believe that the faith of Hong Kong people and the glory of humanity seen in 2019 will remain unchanged. I will never forget the millions of people who braved the rain and the heat to resist tyranny and evil laws, demonstrating our unity of purpose; I will never forget the crowds of people who gave way to ambulances, demonstrating our civility; I will never forget the young people who sacrificed their lives, demonstrating our courage and bravery; I will never forget the silver-haired who took to the streets to protect the youth, demonstrating our care for each other; I will never forget the "five demands" and the 2019 District Council election, demonstrating our rationality and decency.
Your Honour, I have nothing to be ashamed of and no remorse for what I did on that day. It is my great honour to be in prison with my comrades and to be able to walk with the public after my release. If the rule of law were to lose its democratic foundation, the courts would have no choice but to accept the legal restrictions set by the autocratic regime and become a political tool to eliminate dissent at any time. As Lord Hoffmann, a non-permanent overseas judge of the Court of Final Appeal, said, civil disobedience from the conscience has a long and honourable tradition, and history will prove us right. I hope that my comrades in arms who walked with me in protests will keep their faith and live in love and truth in the midst of this difficult time.
Finally, as I did nine years ago, I would like to say something to those who oppose us, borrowing the words of American civil rights leader Reverend Martin Luther King: "We shall match your capacity to inflict suffering by our capacity to endure suffering. We shall meet your physical force with soul force. Do to us what you will, and we shall continue to love you. We cannot in all good conscience obey your unjust laws because noncooperation with evil is as much a moral obligation as is cooperation with good. Throw us in jail and we shall still love you."
Peace be with me and my family, with Your Honour, and with the people of Hong Kong. There are no thugs, only tyranny; five demands, not one less! To god be the glory and to people be the glory!
The Fifth Defendant
Wong Ho Ming
19 August 2021