總部位於米蘭的國際知名藝術雜誌 Mousse在第 74 期發表對於台灣山海、歷史與藝術創作之間,如何交互連結的的綜觀,並映照出人類社會當下的普世行為。文章來自定居台北的 Robin Peckham ( Taipei Dangdai台北當代聯合總監),揉合「在現場」與「文化不同源」的視角,在海洋史的向度上延展及連結思考。
「為了讀懂藝術家辯證台灣山海關係的作品,或是透過台灣來讀懂藝術與山海,我想到了兩種廣泛的分類及比喻:一種是發散、多向的思維,另一種是純物質的;一種是文化層面,另一種是生物性的;一種看向南方與東方,回溯政治策略與古航海家的路線,另一種則看進地球的深處,充分檢驗岩層的堅硬與海水的濕度。」
本篇論述了下列藝術家:
Meuko Meuko | NAXS corp. | #黃嘉俊 | #劉芸怡 | #倪灝 | #蔡佳葳 | #許家維 | #洪子建 | #區秀詒 | #張永達 | #蘇郁心 | #蘇匯宇 Su Hui-Yu | #吳其育 | 姚瑞中 Yao Jui chung | #羅智信 | #楊順發 | #盧昱瑞 | #林銓居 | #吳季璁 | #CemelesaiTakivalet #達給伐歷 | #AruwaiKaumaka #武玉玲
「如果說這篇文章道出了任何一種普世性,那即是以欲望為溫床、萌生於生態自然中的意識。山與海並不主動提供故事的素材,而是山海作為根本之物,成為被述說、被詮釋的對象。」
🔵
▍This Piece of Land, These Bits of Sea ▍
The 74th issue of Milan-based, internationally-renowned art journal Mousse
Magazine features a survey on the interrelationships of Taiwan’s land- and seascapes, history and artistic practices, while shedding light on current global human conditions. The article by Taipei-based Robin Peckham, Taipei Dangdai co-director, sets out from the realm of maritime history, intersecting the perspectives of the in-situ with culturally diverse lineages to bridge and extend such reflections.
"In attempting to read and understand works (like these) that engage the land-sea dialectic over and through Taiwan, I have come across two broad categories. One is discursive where the other is material; one is cultural where the other is biological. One looks south and east, following policy and retracing the routes of ancient seafarers, while the other looks down, testing out the hardness of rock and the wetness of water."
The article discusses works from the following artists:
Meuko Meuko | NAXS corp. | #HuangChiachun | #YunyiLiu | #NiHao | #CharweiTsai | #HsuChiaWei | #JamesTHong | #AuSowYee | #ChangYungTa | #SuYuHsin | #SuHuiYu | #WuChiYu | #YaoJuiChung |
#LuoJrShin | #YangShunFa | #LuYuJui | #LinChuanChu | #WuChiTsung | #CemelesaiTakivalet | #AruwaiKaumaka
“If there is a universalism to be discovered here, it is in the ecological nature of the consciousness that is created in this matrix of desires. Mountains and seas do not provide source matter for stories but rather become the very substrate of what can be said.“
台灣美術雙年展 Taiwan Biennial2020
同時也有2部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過3萬的網紅[email protected],也在其Youtube影片中提到,二尖瓣逆流 - 林逸賢心臟科專科醫生@FindDoc.com 立即測試您患上二尖瓣倒流的風險 : https://www.finddoc.com/self-tests/mitral-regurgitation-二尖瓣倒流 FindDoc Facebook : https://www.faceb...
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【美國的農業政策買票】
2018~2019年間,Trump政府已經對美國農民提供$280億美元補助,聲稱是「為了彌補貿易戰損失」。然而這些彌補可能遠遠大過實質損失,據學者研究推估,某些棉花農民請領補助是損失的33倍。
本次Covid-19疫情,美國農業部已經發放農民疫情補貼總額達$160億美元,才短短幾個月就超過前述2年貿易戰補貼總額。
Kansas State University兩位農業經濟學家Joseph P. Janzen 與 Nathan P. Hendricks共同發表論文指出在玉米、棉花、高粱、大豆與小麥農作上,美國政府所提供2018年的補助是推估損失的8倍,2019年補助更是推估損失的33倍。研究更指出2019年的倍數拉高主因在於聯邦政府農業部『刻意放寬』審核條件。
另有經濟學家Colin A. Carter(加州大學戴維斯分校)與Sandro Steinbach (康乃迪克大學)合作研究指出Trump針對中國搞的貿易戰結果只是讓本國農夫受損(明顯與Trump聲稱的貿易壁壘保障美國農民扞格),同時南美洲與歐洲卻因美國自設的貿易壁壘漁翁得利約$135億美元。
之所以發生領受補助數倍高於損失的一個重要原因來自於:大型農場或政治關係較好的農夫獲得較高補助,同時這些農夫也存在「重複申請領取補助」的現象。
例如紐約時報就報導DeLine Farms Partnership在這兩年領取貿易戰補貼$280萬美元;而我查詢美國農業部資料更發現DeLine Farms從1995年以來領取各種名義政府補貼合計達$1370萬美元。
西維吉尼亞州首富,同時也是共和黨籍州長Jim Justice,身價數十億美元,也在這兩年領到$37.5萬美元補貼。
其結果是Trump在位前三年,美國農夫平均收入成長42%,但多數落在中產階級以上的農夫。這些農夫許多根本只是擁有大片農田而自身從未真正耕種過。美國一個人盡皆知的祕密,即真正從事第一線耕種工作的許多是非法中南美洲移民工,這些人是不可能拿到前述補貼,但卻會受到貿易戰、疫情封鎖的實質經濟損失。
經濟學大師Aaron Director於1960年在芝加哥大學擔任學報主編時就提出著名的「Director's Law」,但因其本人終生不太動筆寫文章,所以此定律是由諾貝爾經濟學獎得主 J.G. Stigler在1970年寫下發表。
該文指出:
公眾支出主要由中產階級得利,代價卻有相當部分是由收入曲線兩端--貧者與富者--承擔(Public expenditures are made for the primary benefit of the middle classes, and financed with taxes which are borne in considerable part by the poor and rich.)
其背後的經濟邏輯是美國政治體制下,政客維持自身政權必須討好中產階級。
該文以加州高等教育為證,明白點出加州是以窮人收入補貼較富裕者子女高等教育。
以1961年為例,加州63%稅收是由年收入$8000以下的家庭承擔,但子女進入加州大學卻是年收入超過$8000的家庭佔77%。
這是說,繳63%稅款族群子女僅佔加州大學體系23%的入學人數。
甚至根據Stigler研究,把時間往前推到19世紀,能從小學畢業者也絕大多數來自中產階級子女。研究更橫向延伸發現消防與警察治安服務同樣存在窮者富者支付補貼中產階級的狀況。
回到農業補貼上,早在1965年經濟學家John E. Floyd就發現無論是農產品價格管制或政府補貼,最後受損者是那群勉強付得起日常三餐的窮人,而真正得利者是大地主。
而我認為從經濟學邏輯看,姑且不論Director的「偏好中產階級」主張,任何農業補償都難以避免各種訊息費用 -- 例如去年產出量不保證今年產出量、農產品現貨期貨價格變動或損失額度計算…。這使得公務員為了行政方便與杜絕紛爭,以土地面積與登記產權狀況為計算單位顯然是最低訊息費用的一種選擇。如此運作下來,這類農業管制、農業保護政策、農業補貼最終還是由持有最多農地或政治關係最佳者勝出。
從另一方面看,農業相較於工商業或服務業,是需要更多「土地要素」投入的生產活動,尤以「土地面積」顯著。這個特點會因為農業機械前提投資的關係更受到產出作物與相對映的「規模經濟」條件約束。
雖然短期且微觀地看,中產階級似乎得利。但從更宏觀社會整體經濟活動角度切入:
a. 資源配置人為錯誤扭曲,造成美國農夫持續產出超出市場需要的農作物,所以我們看到不僅這次Covid-19疫情,幾十年來美國已有多次傾倒鮮乳或農作物投海的舉措。
當然這也包括十幾年前我談過的「休耕補助」問題 -- 付費要求農夫不生產。有興趣的朋友可以自行爬文。
b. 其他更需要資金投入的項目被排擠。如前述Trump在位前三年,美國農夫平均收入成長42%,但此收入增長並不是因為「美國農產品競爭力提昇」,而是來自於政府補助。資源有限的前提,非因生產力提昇的收入增長完全就來自於其他生產活動。這必然擠壓其他生產活動對未來的必要投資資源。
c. 而所謂的「農業損失」根本來自於政客的人為障礙。這是說,如果沒有政客操弄國家安全議題,根本就不需要設置這些貿易壁壘,也根本不會有移民障礙,美國農業本身自然可以享受開放市場帶來的獲利以及更廉宜勞力的輸入。這是說,民主制度本質就會有一群寄生蟲般的政客創造議題、創造「被需要」的假象,透過稅制、市場法規限制與印鈔票等手段收取本來可更有效率經濟活動的部份收入,東搬西移的過程似乎在解決人民的問題,但其實只是在解決政客的收入問題。
參考資料:
∙ New York Times, "Farmers Get Billions in Virus Aid, and Democrats Are Wary" June 07, 2020
∙ Joseph P. Janzen & Nathan P. Hendricks, "Are Farmers Made Whole by Trade Aid?" Applied Economic Perspectives And Policy, Volume42, Issue2, June 2020, pp. 205-226
∙ Colin A. Carter & Sandro Steinbach, "The Impact of Retaliatory Tariffs on Agricultural and Food Trade" NBER Working Paper No. 27147, Issued in May 2020
∙ George J. Stigler, "Director's Law of Public Income Redistribution," Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 13, No. 1 (Apr., 1970), pp. 1-10
∙ John E. Floyd, The Effects of Farm Price Supports on the Returns to Land and Labor in Agriculture, 73 J. of Pol. Econ. 148 (1965).
文章連結:
https://bit.ly/2Vk2ahB
new perspectives journal 在 方志恒 Brian Fong Facebook 的最讚貼文
【#香港研究推介】
早前我介紹過由政治學者黃鶴回、馬嶽和林蔚文撰寫的大陸移民研究,引起了網絡熱議。其實這篇文章來自台灣國立中山大學期刊《Contemporary Chinese Political Economy and Strategic Relations: An International Journal》最新一期的Special Issue。
此特刊名為「From Handover to Occupy Campaign: Democracy, Identity and the Umbrella Movement of Hong Kong」。顧名思義,主題是探討雨傘運動及香港政治發展,當中合共有十篇專題文章(還有兩篇前言),非常大堆頭。特刊的文章題材廣泛,包括雨傘與六四的比較、學生運動浪潮、公民國族主義的興起等等,當然還是以黃馬林的文章最為注目。各專題文章雖然以「描述性研究」(Descriptive studies)為主,但畢竟全面紀錄了香港政治的各個課題,對推動外地人士認識香港,還是功德無量。
全文下載:http://icaps.nsysu.edu.tw/files/13-1122-154708.php?Lang=en
〈Prologues〉
Arif Dirlik, “The Mouse That Roared: The Democratic Movement in Hong Kong”
Joseph Yu-shek Cheng, “The Occupation Campaign in Hong Kong: A Participant’s View”
〈The Occupation〉
Steven Chung Fun Hung, "The Occupy Central Campaign in 2014 Hong Kong"
Johan Lagerkvist and Tim Rühlig, "The Mobilization of Memory and Tradition: Hong Kong’s Umbrella Movement and Beijing’s 1989 Tiananmen Movement"
Zhongxuan Lin and Shih-Diing Liu, “Occupation as Prefiguration? The Emergence of a New Political Form in the Occupy Central Movement”
Wai Han Lo, “Citizen Camera-Witnessing: A Case Study of the Umbrella Movement"
〈Democracy, Identity and the Road Ahead〉
Brian Bridges, “Booing the National Anthem: Hong Kong’s Identities through the Mirror of Sport”
Sze Chi Chan and King Fai Chan, "The Unfinished Experimentation of Political Parties in Hong Kong – Reflections from Theoretical and Experiential Perspectives"
Benson Wai-Kwok Wong and Sanho Chung, “Scholarism and Hong Kong Federation of Students: Comparative Analysis of Their Developments after the Umbrella Movement”
Che-po Chan, “Post-Umbrella Movement: Localism and Radicalness of the Hong Kong Student Movement”
Stan Hok-Wui Wong, Ngok Ma and Wai-man Lam, "Migrants and Democratization: The Political Economy of Chinese Immigrants in Hong Kong"
Justin P. Kwan, “The Rise of Civic Nationalism: Shifting Identities in Hong Kong and Taiwan”
#香港研究 #香港研究學院 #學術期刊 #雨傘運動 #香港政治
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(一)什麼是二尖瓣倒流?00:06
(二)如患二尖瓣倒流會出現什麼症狀? 01:02
(三)二尖瓣倒流的治療方法是怎樣的? 01:37
(四)經微創導管二尖瓣修補手術治療有什麼好處和風險? 02:31
(本短片作健康教育之用,並不可取代任何醫療診斷或治療。治療成效因人而異,如有疑問,請向專業醫療人士諮詢。)
參考資料:
1. Apostolidou, E., Maslow, A. D., & Poppas, A. (2017). Primary mitral valve regurgitation: Update and review. Global cardiology science & practice, 2017(1), e201703. https://doi.org/10.21542/gcsp.2017.3
2. Nkomo VT, Gardin JM, Skelton TN, Gottdiener JS, Scott CG and Enriquez-Sarano M. Burden of valvular heart diseases: a population-based study. Lancet. 2006;368:1005-11.
3. Dziadzko, V., Clavel, M. A., Dziadzko, M., Medina-Inojosa, J. R., Michelena, H., Maalouf, J., Nkomo, V., Thapa, P., & Enriquez-Sarano, M. (2018). Outcome and undertreatment of mitral regurgitation: a community cohort study. Lancet (London, England), 391(10124), 960–969. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30473-2
4. Gaasch, WH. (n.d.). Patient education: Mitral regurgitation (Beyond the Basics). Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/mitral-regurgitation-beyond-the-basics
5. Alegria-Barrero, E., & Franzen, O. W. (2014). Mitral Regurgitation - A Multidisciplinary Challenge. European cardiology, 9(1), 49–53. https://doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2014.9.1.49
6. Stone GW, Lindenfeld J, Abraham WT, Kar S, Lim DS, Mishell JM, Whisenant B, Grayburn PA, Rinaldi M, Kapadia SR, Rajagopal V, Sarembock IJ, Brieke A, Marx SO, Cohen DJ, Weissman NJ, Mack MJ and Investigators C. Transcatheter Mitral- Valve Repair in Patients with Heart Failure. The New England journal of medicine. 2018;379:2307- 2318.
7. Deuschl, F., Schofer, N., Lubos, E., Blankenberg, S., & Schäfer, U. (2016). Critical evaluation of the MitraClip system in the management of mitral regurgitation. Vascular health and risk management, 12, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.2147/VHRM.S65185
8. Shah, M., & Jorde, U. P. (2019). Percutaneous Mitral Valve Interventions (Repair): Current Indications and Future Perspectives. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 6, 88. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2019.00088
9. Philip F, Athappan G, Tuzcu EM, Svensson LG and Kapadia SR. MitraClip for severe symptomatic mitral regurgitation in patients at high surgical risk: a comprehensive systematic review. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2014;84:581-90.
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#牛奶 #優越感
重點:
00:00 前導
01:39 右翼人士與牛奶的關聯
03:19 能喝牛奶的人種比較優秀?!
04:43 我們原本都有乳糖不耐
05:30 考古研究的證據是?
07:03 牛奶何時成為餐桌常客?
08:39 牛奶普及帶來的各種問題
10:06 我們的觀點
11:03 提問
10:44 結尾
【 製作團隊 】
|企劃:蛋糕說話時屑屑請閉嘴
|腳本:蛋糕說話時屑屑請閉嘴
|編輯:土龍
|剪輯後製:Pookie
|剪輯助理:歆雅、珊珊
|演出:志祺
——
【 本集參考資料 】
→人類也會被馴化?從乳糖不耐症,看人類基因的轉變——《祖先的故事》:https://bit.ly/37j9DCu
→牛奶:新納粹的象徵:https://bit.ly/2Vaoaed
→考古探密:奶與蜜: https://bit.ly/39pWxpM
→乳糖不耐症的亞洲人為什麼特別多?從喝牛奶的歷史談起:https://bit.ly/2KQEgrH
→乳糖不耐症怎麼辦?如何改善與治療?專家圖文完整教學:https://bit.ly/2Jj5Ixh
→為何牛奶會讓人「小時好好,長大拉拉」?乳糖不耐和基因調控──《生命如何創新》:https://bit.ly/3ljzsqZ
→德國青銅時代的戰士們,大多乳糖不耐:https://bit.ly/3mjibzQ
→衛生福利部國民健康署:https://bit.ly/2VaoyJH
→Alkon, A. H., & Agyeman, J. (Eds.). (2011). Cultivating food justice: Race, class, and sustainability. MIT press.
→Archaeology: The milk revolution:https://go.nature.com/2JpUwza
→Are the US Dietary Guidelines on Milk Racist?:https://bit.ly/39n41K8
→Bertron, P., Barnard, N. D., & Mills, M. (1999). Racial bias in federal nutrition policy, Part I: The public health implications of variations in lactase persistence. Journal of the National Medical Association, 91(3), 151–157.
→Cohen, M., & Otomo, Y. (Eds.). (2017). Making Milk: The Past, Present and Future of Our Primary Food. Bloomsbury Publishing.
→Doctor Explains Why Pro-Dairy USDA Dietary Guidelines Are Racist:https://bit.ly/3fMvaaz
→Dupuis, E. (2002). Nature's Perfect Food: How Milk Became America's Drink. New York; London: NYU Press. Retrieved November 12, 2020, from:http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qfmj5
→Freeman, A. (2013). The unbearable whiteness of milk: Food oppression and the USDA. UC Irvine L. Rev., 3, 1251.
→Got milk? How lactose tolerance influenced economic development:https://to.pbs.org/36eEAIP
→Got Milk? Neo-Nazi Trolls Sure as Hell Do:https://bit.ly/39sODMB
→Got Nazis? Milk Is New Symbol Of Racial Purity For White Nationalists:https://bit.ly/2JiNigi
→How the alt-right uses milk to promote white supremacy:https://bit.ly/3fKh8Gl
→Is milk healthy? Canada's new food guide says not necessarily:https://bbc.in/3o1aNtc
→McClure SB, Magill C, Podrug E, Moore AMT, Harper TK, Culleton BJ, et al. (2018) Fatty acid specific δ13C values reveal earliest Mediterranean cheese production 7,200 years ago. PLoS ONE 13(9): e0202807. :https://bit.ly/3q7rPb0
→Milk, a symbol of neo-Nazi hate:https://bit.ly/2J7iNKB
→Miller, Alex. ‘White Power Milk: Art, Or Real, Or Advertising?’ VICE. 1 June 2011.
→Neolithic Europeans were lactose intolerant:https://bit.ly/3lfIHJ5
→No use crying:The ability to digest milk may explain how Europe got rich:https://econ.st/39sOIQp
→Smith, Jack. ‘Milk is the New Creamy Symbol of White Racial Purity in Donald Trump’s America.’ Mic Magazine.
→Stănescu, V. (2018). White Power Milk’: Milk, Dietary Racism, and the ‘Alt-Right. Animal Studies Journal, 7(2), 103-128.
→The Troubling Link Between Milk And Racism:https://bit.ly/39nF1CM
→Valenze, D. (2011). Milk: a local and global history. Yale University Press.
→Why humans have evolved to drink milk:https://bbc.in/39o7ckH
→WHY IS MILK BEING CALLED A WHITE SUPREMACIST SYMBOL?:https://bit.ly/33nN2Uo
→Why White Supremacists Are Chugging Milk (and Why Geneticists Are Alarmed):https://nyti.ms/3fIt7nT
→Wiley, A. S. (2007). Transforming milk in a global economy. American Anthropologist, 109(4), 666-677.
→Wiley, A. S. (2015). Re-imagining milk: Cultural and biological perspectives. Routledge.
【 延伸閱讀 】
→臺灣乳牛與飲乳文化:https://bit.ly/36cd5Qc
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