【「語言學」、「語言學習」雙角度分析】 BBC 記者的 have sb to thank for 有在諷刺嗎?真的要謝謝維尼嗎?
因為 BBC 記者在蔡英文總統勝選的國際記者會上所問 "Do you have the Chinese President Xi Jinping to thank for this victory? " 一問題,在網路上引起了眾多的討論。
• 短短一句包含核心片語 have sb to thank for 的句子,到底為什麼會引起了那麼多的討論?
今天這篇文章我想從兩部分討論:
(a) 從「語言學」切入討論文意解讀的複雜性
(b) 從「語言學習」切入,探討那對於大部分不是要當專業逐步、同步口譯、不是要當英文老師的大家,學習英文時何去何從。
✔︎ 該記者有沒有在諷刺?
(a) 語言學視角
講話當中,paralinguistic cues (副語言) 也是幫助我們解讀文意很重要的一環。這包含了音量大小、語調、語氣停頓、聲音表情。除此之外,「臉部表情」或是「手勢」這樣的 non-verbal communication 也會幫助我們解讀語意。
這次事件的複雜性之一就來自於大家對於這位 BBC 記者在說該句話時的聲音和臉部表情,到底有沒有諷刺 (sarcasm) 的意味在裡頭有不同的看法。
不管是生活、還是比較正式的英文當中,有些表達方式有可能會因為有沒有特別的「副語言」,產生兩種以上意思。
➠ 「字面」、「逐字」的方式解讀我們會稱為 denotation (literal meaning)
➠ 「衍伸」意義又稱為 connotation (implied meaning, secondary meaning)。
以 have sb to thank for 為例, Macmillan dictionary 就提供給我們 2 個定義:
(1) used in a positive way to say who is responsible for something good
表面上我們看到 thank 就會想到是謝謝,所以第一層字面上含義就可以理解成歸功於、感謝~的意思。
(2) used in a negative way to say who you blame for something bad
但字典裡也提供了另外一層比較負面、歸咎的字義了。但因為表面上「字字都看不出有負面、要拼湊起來才有負面」,可以看到這個片語有他的 connotative meaning.
⚑ 英文裡有些看似簡單的用法,其實都有其複雜性:
1️⃣ Tell me about it. 如果一路語調往下降,其實是在應和人家某見不滿的事情。
2️⃣ That's interesting. 依語調不同,可以是真的表達覺得有趣、也可以是個社交辭令 (實際覺得
滿口胡言、或覺得不盡正確)。
3️⃣ Thank you. 若聽到美國人講的是 Thank U. 把重音放在 U 上,很多時候是在反諷 (but not always)。
4️⃣ You're such a good friend. (一般中文我們講反話,是否這句話也會有兩層意思呢?)
✔︎ 英文該怎麼學勒?
教育部公布的最新課綱,認定高中生要學會 5000 字左右的英文字彙 (有往下調)。但我們仔細想想,have sb to thank for 這每一個字,是否都在 1000 字以內?是的。但我們學了 thank 後就會這個片語的意思嗎?答案是否定的。同樣的大家看看下面幾個用法:
(a) have one's hands full
(b) have a lot on one's plate
(c) out of the blue
(d) work out on and off
下面沒有一個用法的單字難度範圍落在 500 字以外。但是為何「字字看得懂,句句看不懂呢?」
這告訴我們學習英文的時候,要特別注意這些生活常見、口語的片語用法。為了檢定、考試,學完 fall, 學 drop, plummet 是一個方向。但是將已經會的字,做重新的排列組合去學習新的意義,更是另外一個重要但常常被忽略的學習方向。
Photo credit: 三立新聞網
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過18萬的網紅CoffeeTea&Jane,也在其Youtube影片中提到,以下是我在台灣常常做,來到英國後發現大部分英國人不做的5件事!繼上次的「英國人不做的8件事」影片之後,這幾個月在英國生活又有了新發現,也算是小小文化衝擊吧。不管你是留學生、想來英國旅行,想融入英國生活,或是對英國文化感興趣都好,也許可以稍微參考一下這個影片~當然這些觀察非常主觀,不管認同或不認同,都...
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non verbal communication meaning 在 Alexander Wang 王梓沅英文 Facebook 的精選貼文
【「語言學」、「語言學習」雙角度分析】 BBC 記者的 have sb to thank for 有在諷刺嗎?真的要謝謝維尼嗎?
因為 BBC 記者在蔡英文總統勝選的國際記者會上所問 "Do you have the Chinese President Xi Jinping to thank for this victory? " 一問題,在網路上引起了眾多的討論。
• 短短一句包含核心片語 have sb to thank for 的句子,到底為什麼會引起了那麼多的討論?
今天這篇文章我想從兩部分討論:
(a) 從「語言學」切入討論文意解讀的複雜性
(b) 從「語言學習」切入,探討那對於大部分不是要當專業逐步、同步口譯、不是要當英文老師的大家,學習英文時何去何從。
✔︎ 該記者有沒有在諷刺?
(a) 語言學視角
講話當中,paralinguistic cues (副語言) 也是幫助我們解讀文意很重要的一環。這包含了音量大小、語調、語氣停頓、聲音表情。除此之外,「臉部表情」或是「手勢」這樣的 non-verbal communication 也會幫助我們解讀語意。
這次事件的複雜性之一就來自於大家對於這位 BBC 記者在說該句話時的聲音和臉部表情,到底有沒有諷刺 (sarcasm) 的意味在裡頭有不同的看法。
不管是生活、還是比較正式的英文當中,有些表達方式有可能會因為有沒有特別的「副語言」,產生兩種以上意思。
➠ 「字面」、「逐字」的方式解讀我們會稱為 denotation (literal meaning)
➠ 「衍伸」意義又稱為 connotation (implied meaning, secondary meaning)。
以 have sb to thank for 為例, Macmillan dictionary 就提供給我們 2 個定義:
(1) used in a positive way to say who is responsible for something good
表面上我們看到 thank 就會想到是謝謝,所以第一層字面上含義就可以理解成歸功於、感謝~的意思。
(2) used in a negative way to say who you blame for something bad
但字典裡也提供了另外一層比較負面、歸咎的字義了。但因為表面上「字字都看不出有負面、要拼湊起來才有負面」,可以看到這個片語有他的 connotative meaning.
⚑ 英文裡有些看似簡單的用法,其實都有其複雜性:
1️⃣ Tell me about it. 如果一路語調往下降,其實是在應和人家某見不滿的事情。
2️⃣ That's interesting. 依語調不同,可以是真的表達覺得有趣、也可以是個社交辭令 (實際覺得
滿口胡言、或覺得不盡正確)。
3️⃣ Thank you. 若聽到美國人講的是 Thank U. 把重音放在 U 上,很多時候是在反諷 (but not always)。
4️⃣ You're such a good friend. (一般中文我們講反話,是否這句話也會有兩層意思呢?)
✔︎ 英文該怎麼學勒?
教育部公布的最新課綱,認定高中生要學會 5000 字左右的英文字彙 (有往下調)。但我們仔細想想,have sb to thank for 這每一個字,是否都在 1000 字以內?是的。但我們學了 thank 後就會這個片語的意思嗎?答案是否定的。同樣的大家看看下面幾個用法:
(a) have one's hands full
(b) have a lot on one's plate
(c) out of the blue
(d) work out on and off
下面沒有一個用法的單字難度範圍落在 500 字以外。但是為何「字字看得懂,句句看不懂呢?」
這告訴我們學習英文的時候,要特別注意這些生活常見、口語的片語用法。為了檢定、考試,學完 fall, 學 drop, plummet 是一個方向。但是將已經會的字,做重新的排列組合去學習新的意義,更是另外一個重要但常常被忽略的學習方向。
Photo credit: 三立新聞網
non verbal communication meaning 在 翻譯這檔事 Facebook 的最佳解答
Taipei Times 英文臺北時報今刊出讀者投書致賴揆:
官方一直示範菜英文,還想列英文為第二官語?
舉例之一:交通部觀光局行之五年的「借問站」計劃英文宣傳名稱「Taiwan Ask Me」是「菜英文」。無誤!
繼之前的菜英文「Taiwan Touch Your Heart」之後,不意外。
最後這一段切中要害:
// Finally, Premier Lai, how can Taiwan effectively pursue the valuable and challenging goal of making English an official language of this country if the ROC government’s own ministries are not even able to correctly compose a simple advertisement in English? //
猜測作者 Xue Meng-ren 很可能是薛孟仁(Dr. Bruce G. Shapiro),逢甲大學外國語文學系副教授。
謝謝薛教授用專業的聲音告誡政府勿失策。
以下全文轉錄投書內容,連結見留言。
-----------------------------------------------------------
An open letter to Premier William Lai
By Xue Meng-ren
Wed, Oct 24, 2018
Dear Premier William Lai (賴清德):
You have admirably and lately led Taiwan in an ongoing discussion about whether to make English a second “official” language. Many articles have appeared defending both sides of this argument.
As it stands, Taiwan uses the traditional style of Mandarin Chinese for all official government, legal and business documents. However, the Taiwanese government frequently uses English in a non-official capacity to facilitate outreach initiatives and better communication with non-Chinese-speaking residents and tourists.
“Taiwan Ask Me” is one such governmental initiative, which the Ministry of Transportation and Communications initiated five years ago.
As a Cabinet-level governmental body charged with communications, the ministry’s standard of English should be a model of English usage for the rest of the nation, particularly the tourism industry, which the ministry also officially administers.
Unfortunately, the ministry has demonstrated that its use of English is both inept and even — albeit inadvertently — insulting.
On the Republic of China’s National Day, on page 5 of the Taipei Times, the ministry’s Tourism Bureau published an announcement about the fifth anniversary of the “Taiwan Ask Me” initiative. This announcement features not only elementary grammatical errors, but also incorrect English usage that renders it meaningless and embarrassing.
To begin, in English, the phrase “Taiwan Ask Me” is nonsense, that is, it has no meaning. It must at least have some defining punctuation, such as, “Taiwan? Ask Me” or “Taiwan, Ask Me.”
The service is supposed to be for tourists in need of answers to questions about traveling around Taiwan, but the phrase “Taiwan Ask Me” absurdly means that Taiwan should ask someone, “me,” something about itself.
And, who does this “me” refer to? Certainly, the initiative does not limit itself to employing a single individual, but rather a team of individuals. Therefore, the phrase should be “Taiwan, Ask Us” not “me.”
This type of error, along with the rest of the advertisement, not only demonstrates poor English usage, but more importantly, it suggests a lack of awareness about what service to others actually means.
It suggests that the initiative “Taiwan Ask Me” is merely paying lip service to a valuable concept of a democratic government that it does not truly value or even understand. This poorly written advertisement reveals that it is more interested in celebrating its own anniversary than it is in providing the service for which it is lauding itself.
The announcement states that the ministry “launched the ‘Taiwan Ask Me’ friendly travel information service” five years ago, and now has 450 Information Stations “that prove warm and friendly services.”
Obviously, the Information Services must provide not “prove” their services. “Prove” is the incorrect English word, unless the intention is for the ministry to pat itself on the back by saying that over the past five years the service has “proved its services are warm and friendly,” but then the grammar is still incorrect.
Furthermore, the use of both “warm” and “friendly” is repetitive, since the words are synonymous in this context. Using repetitive words in this way is a feature of the elementary English usage quite common in Taiwan, but governmental English has no excuse for being elementary.
In addition to offering “domestic and foreign tourists the warmest greetings,” through the Taiwan Ask Me Information Stations, “the service further incorporates rich travel elements.” The phrase “rich travel elements” is verbal nonsense. It correctly connects words that have no discernible meaning. The article does not define or elaborate upon them.
In the following run-on sentence, the article connects these “rich travel elements” with “five unique features,” the first of which is “local gourmets.” Why would a tourist want to meet a gourmet? And what kind of a gourmet?
The ministry probably means “local food” or perhaps “local delicacies,” whereas a “gourmet” is a food connoisseur, that is, a lover of good food. “Gourmets” is an example of another English error common in Taiwan, which is to use the incorrect English word to say something related to that word.
Using Google Translate often helps Taiwanese students make these ridiculous English errors. Unfortunately, government ministers are no longer students. Thus, one expects them to have a better grasp of English, certainly as it pertains to their own special purpose or field of employment.
Together, the “five unique features” mentioned in the article are supposed to “form [a] synergistic local economy of tourism,” whatever that is. Thus, the advertisement uses yet another nonsensical phrase, the meaning of which even the necessary grammatical insertion of “a” does not clarify.
The tourist economy in Taiwan is definitely important, and it is possibly important to connect different aspects of the tourist economy into a unified plan for development. However, linking the so-called five unique features does not create an economic synergy.
Taiwan Ask Me is a free information service. It does not make money or use money to link things together to form economic relationships. Even a government minister should recognize that specious phrases reveal fake values.
For the fifth anniversary event, “Eunice LIN,” (which should be “Eunice Lin,”) “is invited to be the tour guide, and experience the friendliness of ‘Taiwan Ask Me.” This sentence means that Ms Lin is going act as a tourist guide and experience for herself the friendly services of the Information Stations. More absurd nonsense, for why would she be both the tourist guide and the tourist?
Furthermore, the ministry should take responsibility for inviting Ms Lin. Instead of writing “Eunice LIN, a popular TV personality, is invited,” the correct sentence would be: “The MOTC has invited Eunice Lin, a popular TV personality, to be a tour guide.”
Finally, Ms Lin may be a local celebrity, but she is a Taiwanese film and television actor, not a TV personality. The latter is someone who appears on TV as herself, perhaps as the host of a variety show, but not someone who appears as characters in films or a TV series. (“Actor” refers to either male or female, the distinction “actress” being no longer necessary.)
The next sentence in the article is so riddled with grammatical errors, it would take several more paragraphs to explain them all. Suffice it to say that much of what the sentence tries to say means the opposite of what it must intend, which is the major problem with the article in question, especially its conclusion.
The advertisement closes with an egregious insult to all foreign residents and tourists.
Setting aside the grammatical errors and confusing phrasing, the advertisement announces the “Hi Taiwan! Give Me 5 Point Collection Campaign,” which started on Oct. 1.
However, this campaign is only for “all citizens of Taiwan [who] are invited to visit Information Stations and get a taste of the warm and friendly services of ‘Taiwan Ask Me.’”
Apparently, foreign tourists are not allowed to “experience in-depth local travels” and only “citizens will also get an opportunity to win lovely prizes!”
Who in the world is this advertisement for? It would seem to be for foreign tourists and residents since it is in English and appears in the only English print newspaper published in Taiwan. And what citizen of Taiwan needs to read an English advertisement? Surely, any citizen of Taiwan can read all about “Taiwan Ask Me” in Chinese. And yet, this advertisement about a tourism service concludes by disinviting the foreign residents and tourists who are not only most likely to read the advertisement, but also most likely to benefit from the Taiwan Ask Me initiative.
With this appalling advertisement, the ministry makes a mockery of not only the government’s attempts to use English effectively but also its own ministerial responsibility over communication and tourism in Taiwan.
If the Taiwanese government does have the personnel to compose articles in correct English that do not insult English readers and tourists and perhaps visiting foreign dignitaries, then it should hire copy editors with the skills to do it for them. It is certainly worth the expense when compared to the embarrassing cost of losing face, which means so much to Taiwanese society.
Finally, Premier Lai, how can Taiwan effectively pursue the valuable and challenging goal of making English an official language of this country if the ROC government’s own ministries are not even able to correctly compose a simple advertisement in English?
What a conundrum, and where does one begin to solve it?
Respectfully yours,
Xue Meng-ren
Taichung
non verbal communication meaning 在 CoffeeTea&Jane Youtube 的最佳貼文
以下是我在台灣常常做,來到英國後發現大部分英國人不做的5件事!繼上次的「英國人不做的8件事」影片之後,這幾個月在英國生活又有了新發現,也算是小小文化衝擊吧。不管你是留學生、想來英國旅行,想融入英國生活,或是對英國文化感興趣都好,也許可以稍微參考一下這個影片~當然這些觀察非常主觀,不管認同或不認同,都歡迎留言跟我討論和分享你的看法!
*** 按右下角的CC開啟字幕功能 ***
1. 不喝熱水
2. 不吃熱的三明治
3. 不輕易吃掉最後一塊食物
4. 結帳慢慢來 ~ 不給時間壓力
5. 比較少插嘴
------------------------------------------------------------
關於最後提到的 Intercultural Training,如果你有興趣了解更多內容的話,以下是我擷取的一小段!
Silence!
Pauses, silence and tone of voice are all categorized under the non-verbal channels of communication. Intonation patterns carry a lot of meaning in English. In fact, this is a high-context aspect of the way English is used. Various other languages stress all syllables equally; for speakers of those languages the meaning carried by stress in English is not transparent.
Nb. Silence is understood to mean silence as used deliberately to communicating something (disagreement, for example). The length of pauses – during conversations in person but also on the phone – is tolerated differently according to cultural preferences.
* 每週一晚上8點固定更新+週五不固定更新
* 訂閱頻道: https://www.youtube.com/c/coffeeteajane
* 我的臉書: https://www.facebook.com/CoffeeTeaJane/
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* 這不是一個贊助影片 This video is not sponsored.
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non verbal communication meaning 在 11.1 Principles of Nonverbal Communication 的推薦與評價
Nonverbal communication is the process of conveying a message without the use of words; it relates to the dynamic process of communication, the perception ... ... <看更多>