【標點符號──番外篇】當中文寫作遇到英文用字……
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中文寫作夾雜著英文,已是常見的寫作形態。文稿中,英文字母的大小寫、英式句號的使用與否,以及英文與中式標點(特別是夾注號與引號)的關係,也就成了工作上經常遭遇的小小困擾。趁著冬雨煩心,試著靜下來整理一下我的想法。
必須說明的是,就我所知,目前有關上述的問題並無統一的規範用法,所以以下說的並不一定對,只是作為有興趣者討論的基礎。
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一、英文的夾注、說明、引用,應該置於引號之外。
例1──很明顯,這是一套給「信徒」(believers)看的電影,因為只有信徒,才可以在黑暗中看見光明。
不寫(例1A)──很明顯,這是一套給「信徒(believers)」看的電影……
書名號也是如此:
例2──英國詩人彌爾頓寫的《失樂園》(Paradise Lost)強調,人類的始祖亞當與夏娃「有足夠的能力循規蹈矩,但也可隨自己的意願沉淪墮落。這不是上帝的疏忽,而是上帝的方法。
不寫(例2A)──英國詩人彌爾頓寫的《失樂園(Paradise Lost)》強調……
不只是短詞語,句子也是如此:
例3──馬克吐溫說「真相穿鞋子所需的時間,足夠謊言繞著地球跑半圈」(A lie can travel halfway around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes),指的就是人類喜惡厭善的本性。
不寫(例3A)──馬克吐溫說「真相穿鞋子所需的時間,足夠謊言繞著地球跑半圈(A lie can travel halfway around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes)」,指的是……
二、英文的句子句首字母須大寫,如「例3」。
三、比較複雜的情況是英文句子的句號使用。
作為一個句子局部成份的英文夾注句應省略句號:
例4──痛苦比快樂教會我們更多(Pain teaches us more than pleasure),這個事實,每個成年人都有深刻的感觸。
不寫(例4A):痛苦比快樂教會我們更多(Pain teaches us more than pleasure.),這個事實,每個成年人都有深刻的感觸。
間接引語的英文句號應省略:
例5──馬克思說,哲學家以不同的方式解讀世界,但世界需要的不是解讀,而是改變(The philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways: the point, however, is to change it)。
不寫(例5A)──馬克思說,哲學家以不同的方式解讀世界,但世界需要的不是解讀,而是改變(The philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways: the point, however, is to change it.)。
也不寫(例5B)──馬克思說,哲學家以不同的方式解讀世界,但世界需要的不是解讀,而是改變。(The philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways: the point, however, is to change it.)
注意,只有完全直接引語的句式,因為中式句號(。)必須在下引號(」)之內,所以夾注的英文必須使用英式句號(.)。當然,英文句末若是問號或驚嘆號,則都必須保留。
例6──馬克思說:「哲學家以不同的方式解讀世界,但世界需要的不是解讀,而是改變。」(The philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways: the point, however, is to change it.)
例7──鮑勃‧迪倫傳頌一時的〈風中飄揚〉(Blowing in the Wind)有一句「面對不公不義,一個人可以假裝沒有看見,掉頭就走多少次?」(How many times can a man turn his head and pretend that he just doesn’t see?),不知鼓舞了多少義憤填膺的人挺身而出。
四、如果中文作為英文的夾注?
因為句型還是中文句,所以英文句的引號應用中式引號(「」);同時,因為句型是中文句,英文句未的英文句號也應省略。
例8──小說《老人與海》有一句話傳頌一時:「A man can be destroyed but not defeated」(真漢子寧死不屈)。
不寫(例8A)──小說《老人與海》有一句話傳頌一時:”A man can be destroyed but not defeated”(真漢子寧死不屈)。
也不寫(例8B)──小說《老人與海》有一句話傳頌一時:「A man can be destroyed but not defeated.」(真漢子寧死不屈)。
#不過,「例8」是值得商榷的,因為這違反中文句式直接引語的句號必須在下引號之內的規範。
或許可以改為(例8C)──小說《老人與海》有一句話傳頌一時:「A man can be destroyed but not defeated(真漢子寧死不屈)。」
但這一來又違反夾注號不應在引號內的規範,見「例1」。這問題的確有點麻煩。
五、如果是整段或多段英文引用,因為句子是英文句,所以英文應使用英式引號(””),並加英式句號。
例9──美國作家懷特(E.B. White)在《這裡是紐約》(Here is New York)寫到城市與個人的命運,文字簡潔流暢:
“Many of its settlers are probably here to escape, not face, reality.”
(很多移民來到這裡是為了逃避,不是面對現實。)
“It can destroy an individual, or it can fulfill him, depending on a good deal on luck. No one should come to New York to live unless he is willing to be luck.”
(紐約可以毀掉一個人,也可以成就一個人,視乎運氣而定……)
**
#這是《一次搞懂標點符號》書中沒有的,為讀者作一點補充。
《一次搞懂標點符號》
https://www.books.com.tw/products/0010801802?sloc=main
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not unless用法 在 EZ Talk Facebook 的最佳貼文
#你不知道的美國大小事 #hardnut
Food Idioms 💬 美國生活用語之其他食物:Nut
上班昏昏欲睡嗎?來嗑點健康的堅果吧~
1⃣ sb. is a nut
2⃣ work for peanuts
3⃣ from soup to nuts
4⃣ in a nutshell
5⃣ sb./sth. is a hard nut
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Other than fruit, what else makes a healthy snack? Nuts! While there may not be as many nut-related idioms (unless you include those related to a certain part of the male anatomy, but we won’t go there), there are still enough to tide you over till the next meal.
除了水果,還有什麼健康的零嘴?堅果!雖然與堅果相關的美國用語不是很多(除非你想討論十八禁的用語,但我們可是清新健康的英語學習頻道),不過已經足以讓你撐到晩餐時間囉!
Let’s start with the word nut itself. Aside from being a tasty snack, 1⃣ a nut can be a strange or crazy person: Just ignore that guy—he’s a nut. A nut can also be an enthusiast: Tom is a tennis nut—he plays every day. Or add an “s” and you have an adjective meaning “crazy”: You’d have to be nuts to go skydiving!
我們先來談談nut這個字。它除了很好吃,nut還可以指「瘋子或怪人」,如: Just ignore that guy—he’s a nut.(不要理那個人──他是個瘋子)。nut也可以指「對某事相當狂熱者」,如:Tom is a tennis nut.(湯姆是個網球愛好者。)也就是說他天天打網球。在nut後面加個s就變成形容詞用法,指「瘋狂的」,如:You’d have to be nuts to go skydiving!(你一定是瘋了才去跳傘!)
Technically, peanuts aren’t nuts (they’re actually legumes), which may be why they’re so cheap. So cheap, in fact, 2⃣ that “peanuts” can mean “a very small amount of money”: Students often have to work for peanuts.
嚴格來說,花生雖然有nut幾個字,但並非堅果類(其實是莢豆的一種)。所以其實花生很便宜,因為太便宜了,所以peanuts可以指「非常便宜,花不了幾毛錢」,如:Students often have to work for peanuts.(學生常為了幾斗米折腰。)
At one time, a formal dinner started with soup and ended with port and nuts, so 3⃣ “from soup to nuts” came to mean “leaving nothing out, from beginning to end”: That store sells everything from soup to nuts.
以前的正餐是以湯品開始,以波特酒與堅果為結尾,所以from soup to nuts後來有「任何東西都有;從頭到尾」的意思。如:That store sells everything from soup to nuts.(那間商店的商品包羅萬象。)
If you’re a tree, what’s inside a nutshell—a nut—is both small and important. For this reason, 4⃣ “in a nutshell” has come to mean “in sum, in brief”: It’s a long story, but in a nutshell, I got fired. Another thing about nutshells is that they’re hard, which makes a nut tough to crack. 5⃣ If a person, problem or situation is “a tough/hard nut to crack,” it means they’re difficult to deal with or understand: I’ve known Bob for a year, but he’s a tough nut to crack.
如果你是一棵樹,堅果外殼裡面會有什麼──既小但又很重要的堅果。因此in a nutshell延伸為「簡單來說,一言以蔽之」。如:It’s a long story, but in a nutshell, I got fired.(說來話長。不過一句話,我被炒魷魚了。)另外,堅果殼太硬,常要花很大力氣才撬得開,所以我們如果說某人事物是a tough/hard nut to crack,就是說他們「很難搞,或很難捉摸」。如:I’ve known Bob for a year, but he’s a tough nut to crack.(我認識鮑伯一年了,不過他真的很謎。)
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🔔 按下「搶先看」,每週五【美國大小事】,由 Judd 編審分享最即時美國新鮮事!想知道更多美國文化,請看 👉 http://bit.ly/EZTalk嚴選
not unless用法 在 許秀雯 律師 Facebook 的最佳貼文
順帶補充 #答客問
網友詢問,涉外民事法律適用法第46條規定:「婚姻之成立,依各該當事人之本國法。但結婚之方式依當事人一方之本國法或依舉行地法者,亦為有效。」
請問跨國同婚為什麼不用這一條的但書(即「結婚之方式依當事人一方之本國法或依舉行地法者,亦為有效」)來解套就好?
答: 這個問題確實有很多人誤解,簡單說,因為該條文所謂結婚之方式指的是儀式婚或辦理結婚登記等「方式」,然而婚姻當事人的性別要件不是結婚之「方式」,而是涉及婚姻成立的實質要件,所以台灣目前的跨國同婚問題不能用該條但書來解套。
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Based on Article 46 of the Act Governing the Choice of Law in Civil Matters involving Foreign Elements, local governments have not been allowing transnational same-sex marriages unless both partners are from a country where such unions are legal, Chen said at the press conference.Article 46 of the Act states that "the formation of a marriage is governed by the national laws of each party."
However, Article 8 of the same law says that if the law of a foreign country "leads to a violation of public order or of boni mores (good morals) in the Republic of China (Taiwan)," the law of the foreign state does not have to be applied in Taiwan, another member of the TAPCPR Victoria Hsu (許秀雯) said.
Under Article 8, Hsu said, local governments can allow registration of same-sex marriages, even if one or both partners are from a country where such unions are not legal.
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