最近,我在「TIME時代」雜志的專欄文章裡,向全球的讀者介紹了大陸「世界工廠」的+AI自動化升級。隨著勞動力成本的上漲,工業自動化、智慧化勢必是大陸製造業的一劑特效藥。自動化能讓運營成本下降,但仍能讓中國大陸保持生產品質、流程、供應鏈維度的優勢。AI賦能產業升級的願景或許還需多年才能實現,但當下的大陸已經讓未來可期。
以下是專欄文章全文,經TIME授權翻譯轉載:
「中國世界工廠 + AI 的未來」
多年來,中國大陸一直被喻為「世界工廠」,即便在全球其他經濟體紛紛遭遇新冠疫情重擊的2020年,大陸製造產業仍然維持穩健的增長范式,全年產值高達3.854萬億美元,占到全球市場近三分之一。
但如果你腦中的大陸工廠是傳統的「血汗工廠」,是時候修正你的刻板印象了。大陸經濟已經迅速地從疫情衝擊下復蘇,疫情同時催化了各種各樣人工智慧(AI)的應用場景加速實現。自2014年以來,中國大陸的AI專利申請量已經超越美國,至今維持全球領先。在學術領域,中國大陸的AI研究論文發表數量、AI期刊的引用量,也雙雙在近年超過了美國。在產業方面,AI應用在大陸的落地速度超越世界其他國家和地區,具有商業價值的AI應用如今開始百花齊放,整合了軟體、硬體和機器人技術的新一代自動化揭開序曲,AI賦能傳統行業的能量,正在蓄勢待發地重塑各行各業。
人類社會至今經歷了三次不同的工業革命:蒸汽革命、電力革命和資訊革命。我相信,AI將會是推動全球第四次工業革命的核心引擎,在世界各地點燃數位化和自動化的變革,而這波前所未有的硬科技浪潮,將由中國來引領實踐。
由於勞動人口減少和新增人口放緩,中國大陸的傳統產業正面臨著勞動力成本上升的巨大壓力,AI正是解決這個難題的技術解答。人工智慧不僅能夠降低運營成本,提高生產效率,擴大整體產能,還有望能帶來收入的增長。
例如,創新工場投資的廣州極飛科技是一家致力於未來農業的AI科技公司,極飛將無人機、機器人和感測器部署在稻田、麥田和棉花田裡,用技術賦能農業中的播種、農藥噴灑、栽種管理、甚至天氣監測環節。用於作物噴灑的極飛科技R150農業無人車已經被推廣到了英國,應用在蘋果、草莓、黑莓等多種經濟作物的種植流程中。
一些大陸的創新公司正積極把機器人拓展到意想不到的場景。總部位於北京的鎂伽是創新工場投資的生命科學智慧自動化公司,他們和實驗室、製藥公司、高校合作,憑藉AI+機器人技術的積累,用自動化解決方案執行實驗室中勞動密集、重複性高、但需要高度精確的任務和流程,同時機器人作業也將盡最大可能保護實驗室人員降低實驗過程中的感染風險。
除了創業公司,我們看到幾家成熟的龍頭企業也開始積極擁抱AI。創新工場參與了有28年歷史的中力電動叉車,這家頭部的鋰電叉車製造商已經推出了能夠在工廠、倉庫自主運行的無人叉車,並且無需對運行環境進行改造,能快速實現從手動到電動到自動駕駛的搬運賦能創新。此外,擁有50多年歷史的領先客車製造商-宇通集團,與自動駕駛獨角獸企業-文遠知行戰略合作,已在大陸三個城市的馬路上運行全無人駕駛小巴。
接著會發生什麼?我大膽預見,在更長遠的未來,機器人和AI將接管大多數產品的製造、設計、交付甚至營銷——很可能將生產成本降低到和原物料成本相差無幾。未來的機器人有能力自我複製和自我修復,甚至做到部分自我反覆運算設計。房屋和公寓將交由AI主導設計,使用預製建築模塊,交由機器人像搭積木似地築樓蓋房。無人公交、無人摩托等隨傳隨到的自動化未來交通系統,能將我們安全無虞地送達想去的地方。
這些願景成為現實或許還需要多年,但此時的大陸正在積極鋪墊引領新一代自動化革命的基石。可期的是,中國工廠的實力將不僅僅體現在產能上,而將逐步彰顯在智慧上。
本文經「TIME時代」授權進行中文編譯,原文如下:
China Is Still the World's Factory — And It's Designing the Future With AI
BY KAI-FU LEE
For many years now, China has been the world’s factory. Even in 2020, as other economies struggled with the effects of the pandemic, China’s manufacturing output was $3.854 trillion, up from the previous year, accounting for nearly a third of the global market.
But if you are still thinking of China’s factories as sweatshops, it’s probably time to change your perception. The Chinese economic recovery from its short-lived pandemic blip has been boosted by its world-beating adoption of artificial intelligence (AI). After overtaking the U.S. in 2014, China now has a significant lead over the rest of the world in AI patent applications. In academia, China recently surpassed the U.S. in the number of both AI research publications and journal citations. Commercial applications are flourishing: a new wave of automation and AI infusion is crashing across a swath of sectors, combining software, hardware and robotics.
As a society, we have experienced three distinct industrial revolutions: steam power, electricity and information technology. I believe AI is the engine fueling the fourth industrial revolution globally, digitizing and automating everywhere. China is at the forefront in manifesting this unprecedented change.
Chinese traditional industries are confronting rising labor costs thanks to a declining working population and slowing population growth. The answer is AI, which reduces operational costs, enhances efficiency and productivity, and generates revenue growth.
For example, Guangzhou-based agricultural-technology company XAG, a Sinovation Ventures portfolio company, is sending drones, robots and sensors to rice, wheat and cotton fields, automating seeding, pesticide spraying, crop development and weather monitoring. XAG’s R150 autonomous vehicle, which sprays crops, has recently been deployed in the U.K. to be used on apples, strawberries and blackberries.
Some companies are rolling out robots in new and unexpected sectors. MegaRobo, a Beijing-based life-science automation company also backed by Sinovation Ventures, designs AI and robots to safely perform repetitive and precise laboratory work in universities, pharmaceutical companies and more, reducing to zero the infection risk to lab workers.
It’s not just startups; established market leaders are also leaning into AI. EP Equipment, a manufacturer of lithium-powered warehouse forklifts founded in Hangzhou 28 years ago, has with Sinovation Ventures’ backing launched autonomous models that are able to maneuver themselves in factories and on warehouse floors. Additionally Yutong Group, a leading bus manufacturer with over 50 years’ history, already has a driverless Mini Robobus on the streets of three cities in partnership with autonomous vehicle unicorn WeRide.
Where is all this headed? I can foresee a time when robots and AI will take over the manufacturing, design, delivery and even marketing of most goods—potentially reducing costs to a small increment over the cost of materials. Robots will become self-replicating, self-repairing and even partially self-designing. Houses and apartment buildings will be designed by AI and use prefabricated modules that robots put together like toy blocks. And just-in-time autonomous public transportation, from robo-buses to robo-scooters, will take us anywhere we want to go.
It will be years before these visions of the future enter the mainstream. But China is laying the groundwork right now, setting itself up to be a leader not only in how much it manufactures, but also in how intelligently it does it.
Source:https://time.com/6084158/china-ai-factory-future/
同時也有17部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2萬的網紅賓狗單字Bingo Bilingual,也在其Youtube影片中提到,第一個單字是 extramarital affair、e-x-t-r-a-m-a-r-i-t-a-l 空格 a-f-f-a-i-r、 extramarital affair 婚外情,例句是:Adultery decriminalization does not mean that people ar...
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- 關於population of china 在 Facebook 的最佳貼文
- 關於population of china 在 Facebook 的最佳貼文
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- 關於population of china 在 賓狗單字Bingo Bilingual Youtube 的最佳貼文
- 關於population of china 在 DREAM清醒夢LUCID Youtube 的最讚貼文
- 關於population of china 在 王炳忠 Youtube 的最佳解答
- 關於population of china 在 Why China has a population problem - YouTube 的評價
population of china 在 Facebook 的最佳貼文
"We call ourselves farmers and futurists."
Built in the heart of Appalachia, the biggest greenhouse in the US is also its most high-tech. For CNN's #TechForGood, AppHarvest Founder and CEO Jonathan Webb shares the technology he uses for sustainable crop production including AI and robotic harvesting.
"We don't have a choice," Webb tells me.
"China and India have 40% of the world's population and less than 10% of the world's fresh water. How are we going to feed continents? This is terrifyingly not sustainable."
The UN says we need to produce 70% more food to feed 10 billion people by 2050. Is AgTech the answer to feeding the planet?
#AppHarvest #AgTech #ClimateAction #FarmingNow #ControlledEnvironmentAgriculture #AI #robotics #data #hybridlighting #greenhouse #sustainability #technology #innovation #CNN #TechForGood #climate #climatechange
population of china 在 游錫堃 Facebook 的最佳解答
#民主疫苗 #立陶宛的扶持
好快!今天一早,來自歐洲波羅的海邊,立陶宛的2萬劑疫苗飛抵台灣了!
遠方盛情的守護,帶給台灣人滿滿的感動。立陶宛人口僅有台灣8分之1,卻不怕中共威脅,贈台疫苗的膽識比肩美國、日本。
「愛好自由的朋友應該互相扶持。」立陶宛跟台、美、日同屬民主陣營國家,其贈台的疫苗就是名符其實的「民主疫苗」!
在此吟唱本人所作之拙詩一首,與大家分享,敬請指教。
〈立陶宛贈我疫苗有感〉游錫堃2021.6.27.
地在歐洲波海邊,
古來兩國少因緣。
邦民只我八之一,
膽識堪齊美日肩。
20k vaccine doses timely arrived in Taiwan this morning! They were delivered from the shore of the Baltic Sea in Europe.
This kindness and endorsement from afar deeply moved Taiwan’s people. Lithuania has only one-eighth of Taiwan’s population, and yet dare to defy China, and made a brave move to donate vaccines to Taiwan just as the US and Japan did previously.
“Freedom-loving people should look out for each other” Lithuania belongs to the same democratic alliance as the US, Japan and Taiwan do. The Covid-19 vaccines that they have sent us are well-deserved “#DemocraticVaccines”!
Now I’d like to recite the poem I wrote for this special occasion. Thank you!
By You Si-Kun
27 of June, 2021
Lithuania lying on the shore of the Baltic Sea is far away from Taiwan,
We had only few interchanges.
Only an eighth of our population,
Lithuania shows same mighty courage as the U.S. and Japan.
院長IG這邊去 Instagram:https://pse.is/3lb38t
院長推特這裡看Twitter:https://pse.is/3lctjj
population of china 在 賓狗單字Bingo Bilingual Youtube 的最佳貼文
第一個單字是 extramarital affair、e-x-t-r-a-m-a-r-i-t-a-l 空格 a-f-f-a-i-r、 extramarital affair 婚外情,例句是:Adultery decriminalization does not mean that people are encouraged to have extramarital affairs.
通姦除罪化,以後要告,用民法吧!很多人聽到通姦除罪化,嚇瘋,覺得全台灣都要瘋狂搞婚外情了!遇到這種嚇壞的人,記得輕聲跟他說:「親愛的,我們還有民法啊~」 婚外情就是 extramarital affair。
https://focustaiwan.tw/society/202005290021
第二個單字是 signal、s-i-g-n-a-l、signal 表示,例句是:Trump signals US exit from the WHO.
美國是 WHO 的最大金主,結果「真心換絕情」,WHO 跟中國兩相好,所以說,川普十分北宋,要退出 WHO!川普「表示」美國將退出組織,這個「表示」就是 signal。
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52862588
第三個單字是 pertain to、p-e-r-t-a-i-n 空格 t-o、pertain to 直接相關,例句是:These actions pertain to the troubling situations in Hong Kong.
中國強推香港國安法,美國要取消香港的「特殊待遇」。
你想想,國安法一通過,香港完完全全就是中國的一部分。跟香港相處,就是跟中國互動,必須小心謹慎。所以,美國覺得,要提高香港關稅、增加旅遊限制等等。美國這些措施,跟國安法直接相關,而直接相關就是 pertain to。
https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-actions-china/
第四個單字是 soil、s-o-i-l、soil 國土,例句是:For the first time in history, NASA astronauts have launched from American soil in a commercially built and operated American crew spacecraft.
美國太空總署第一次跟民營企業合作,把太空人送上外太空~而且還是在美國國土上發射火箭喔!美國過去幾年發射火箭,其實非常依賴俄羅斯,很意外吧!所以,這次的成功,代表美國可以獨立一點了,靠自己在國土上發射火箭,國土就是 soil。
https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-astronauts-launch-from-america-in-historic-test-flight-of-spacex-crew-dragon
最後一個單字是 in all likelihood、i-n 空格 a-l-l 空格 l-i-k-e-l-i-h-o-o-d、in all likelihood,很有可能,例句是:In all likelihood, New Zealand‘s population has reached 5 million because of the pandemic.
紐西蘭人口增加到 5 百萬,「很有可能」是因為,他們的防疫好成績哦!紐西蘭現在很安全嘛,沒什麼病毒,很多國民就逃回紐西蘭避難,還有啊,待在紐西蘭的外國人,也不會想乾淨安全的紐西蘭,人口就這樣增加了。「很有可能」,就是 in all likelihood。
https://www.smh.com.au/world/oceania/pandemic-seen-pushing-new-zealand-population-up-to-five-million-20200518-p54tyj.html
簡單複習:extramartial affair 婚外情、signal 表示、pertain to 直接相關、soil 國土、in all likelihood 很有可能。
恭喜你!今天學了 5 個新單字,還聽了 5 則國際大事!如果喜歡我們的 podcast,希望你可以訂閱,然後為我們留 5 顆星的評價。如果有什麼意見,歡迎留言,也可以到 IG 搜尋賓狗單字,私訊我聊聊喔~謝謝收聽,下次通勤見 ❤️
population of china 在 DREAM清醒夢LUCID Youtube 的最讚貼文
十五年我從亞洲回到家鄉英國,
發現我從小被灌輸的那些“全球化、多元種族是對人類好的”的觀念竟然是有不同答案...
從小在沒有民主、沒有自由國家長大的人們,
不一定到了民主自由的國家就會開始喜歡民主和自由。
住在民主自由的國家十年、二十年還不一定想要或者尊重當地的民主與自由。
民主與自由這回事其實只佔了整個人類歷史中非常短的時間,並且大多數國家至今都沒有。
這十五年來,我去到中國、香港與台灣,
他們三個地方離彼此那麼近,卻是那麼的不一樣。
我們必須保護自由的價值,中國變得強大,是因為與世界各國做買賣。
但為了GDP或者更便宜的成本,要賠上香港的自由與台灣的民主?
15 years is a long time. 15 years can change the way you look at everything. Arriving back in the UK I can't say I could be more at odds with the liberal globalist cult of British politics. We don't have to do any more than turn on the TV or look online to see examples of what happens when borders are not respected, when we undergo top down social experiments of mass immigration against the will of the populace. We don't need to look further than Hong Kong to see the dangers of authoritarian governments. We don't need to look further than Taiwan to see how fragile the world order is or how quickly everything could be turned on its head. We have become sedated with netflix and chocolates. We have been blind to the dangers of initiatives imposed on us by globalist elites who seek to undermine our way of life. Diversity of opinion with in a population is healthy. Diversity of peoples with ideologies in direct conflict with each other is the thing wars are made of. Borders are to be respected, borders must be upheld. Borders keep us us and our way of life safe. The more the border between hong kong and China is eroded the more pain conflict and strive we will see. The border separating Taiwan and China will only cause lose of life when it is eroded. We must not let this happen. We must stand on the side of democracy and freedom. Democracy, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, freedom to critique the government, these are things that could be wiped out in a heartbeat. What has almost all of human history been of not tyranny of a minority over a majority.
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population of china 在 王炳忠 Youtube 的最佳解答
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The Real Threat to the US is the loss of self-confidence
──An Open Letter to Mr. Secretary Mike Pompeo
My name is Wang Ping-Chung, the spokesperson for the New Party, Taiwan’s political party. During the ongoing pandemic of the Covid-19, the enemy of all human beings, including the American people and Chinese people, is definitely the corona virus. However, as Secretary of State of the United States, you seem to consider China instead of the virus to be your enemy. It lets you do little in pandemic prevention but much in blaming the WHO and China. You have even made great efforts to politicalize the issue of public health in order to attack China, which reflects the United States’ prevailing concept of so-called China’s threat. Nevertheless, the real threat to the US is not China but the loss of self-confidence indeed.
As President Franklin Roosevelt once said, “Only thing we have to fear is the fear itself.” The threat you have to fear today is not other peoples but yourselves. Even though you have done your best to shift blames on the WHO and China, the fact is already clear of the US domestic misdiagnosed cases, which had been seen as H1N1 but in fact corona virus since last autumn. It is also your fault in underestimating the severity of the epidemic while China sacrificed itself to let the world have more preparation time. Accordingly, the Covid-19 has killed more than fifty thousand people in America. As China’s population is four times larger than the US, it is quite shocking that America’s death toll due to the Covid-19 has been above China’s.
I feel so sorry for the suffering of your people, yet it is never too late to mend. However, not only did you palm off the responsibility on others, but you also undermined international solidarity against the pandemic. Moreover, you even try to deny the status of the WHO as the coordinator for universal combat against diseases, which in some way means challenging the global institutions under the governance of the United Nations. It is so unbelievable that the United States, viewing itself as the world leader above half a century, is tending to destroy the world order recognized by the international society. The very reason I can think of is the loss of America’s self-confidence. It is the threat to both the US and the whole world.
For Liberalists in the United States, China has been believed either an opponent or a violator to international institutions. As far as it’s concerned, there had been debates whether to keep containing China economically and militarily or engaging it institutionally. Both were resulted from America’s confidence in its leadership. Consequently, the confidence gradually changed into arrogance, luring the United States into aggressions upon other countries as the global superpower without permission from the UN Security Council. It made America exhausted at last. Therefore, the United States has become an isolationist, and even a betrayer to the global institutions they established before. On the contrary, China seems more like a protector of the world order.
On the other hand, for Realists, the predominant thinkers in international politics, China has been seen as the primary rival to America. As they estimate there will be threat if any other regional hegemony occurs, the nation’s fear becomes beyond what its capability can hold. To some extent, this is the real crisis to your people. In fact, different from western nations developing themselves by oppressing and exploiting others, the Chinese people have risen out of poverty at the cost of blood, sweat, and tears of our own. I would like to remind you of Franklin Roosevelt’s self-evident words that nothing to fear but fear itself. The only threat you should conquer is the threat in your mind.
As Henry Kissinger has argued, relations between China and the United States need not – and should not – become a zero-sum game. He also suggested that China and America build a Pacific community with each other. Thinking in the same way, Chinese President Xi also claimed that the vast Pacific Ocean has enough space for the two large countries of China and the United States. Furthermore, I believe the world is large enough to embrace different political and social systems. As western liberalism in recent years has met difficulties in over-consumption and government failure, we should be more open-minded to the superiority of Chinese governance in some fields, especially the high efficiency in defeating the epidemic. The United States should also be more self-confident to have China rising under the global governance of international institutions, sharing with mutual benefits instead of destroying each other. Without doubt, only by doing so can the United States overcome the real threat and bring the world peace and prosperity, the real universal values for all mankind.
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