【賴明珠定林少華?談村上春樹譯本問題】
#LostinTranslation
#村上春樹
#譯書
好多人睇書,都未必會細心留意譯者係邊個,畢竟翻譯成中文嘅書已經唔多(相對而言啦),更何況要選擇由邊個 #譯書 ?好多時候只有世界經典名著先會 #有得揀至係老闆 ,可以搵到唔同嘅中文譯本。
不過,村上春樹就係華文世界嘅例外啦。好多時候,大家都會討論究竟係林少華譯得好d,定係賴明珠翻譯得最傳神?講真,特別係村上春樹筆下果種比較重視文筆多於實際劇情嘅小說,翻譯其實可以構成好大分別,甚至影響閱讀體驗。
林少華對賴明珠?世界大戰抹黑宇宙了,can you feel? Are you readly 進入翻譯的大世界呢?
▍《且聽風吟》v.s.《聽風的歌》:翻譯得似中文就係好嘅翻譯?
試下一句總結林少華同賴明珠翻譯嘅分別:「林少華翻譯得似中文,賴明珠翻譯接近日文原文」(不服來辯)。
其實林少華同賴明珠嘅翻譯風格有咩分別,過去已經有大量爭論,甚至引發中港台兩岸三地嘅唇槍舌劍,日本學者藤井省三嘅作品《村上春樹心底的中國》,甚至用左其中一章去討論兩岸三地嘅村上春樹翻譯添。呢篇文當然三言兩語難以解釋晒,但都希望大家睇完之後,會有個基本嘅理解。
一般嚟講,中國大陸嘅讀者比較偏好林少華;而香港、台灣人都會鍾情賴明珠。大家就好似水溝油咁,好少會達成共識。
或者,問題出於大家對翻譯理念嘅唔同。中文翻譯嘅最高境界,究竟係要令外語寫成嘅文字完全融入中文,甚至睇唔出係外國人寫成嘅小說;定係應該盡量貼近原文,保留外語嘅痕跡呢?
英國翻譯理論大師Peter Newmark係佢嘅重要翻譯著作《翻譯教程》(A Textbook of Translation) 入面提到:「我多少算係一個「直譯派」,因爲我重視真實同精準」(I am somewhat of a ‘literalist’, because I am for truth and accuracy)。姐係話,一般嚟講直譯都係最好嘅做法,因為最準最真——除非你覺得唔係啦?
我唔直接答你,我用例子答你。大家討論村上春樹翻譯,總係喜歡用《挪威的森林》開頭嘅其中一段入手,大家不如直接睇下。賴明珠翻譯成咁:
「記憶這東西,真是不可思議。當實際置身其中時,我幾乎沒有去注意過那些風景。既不覺得印象特別深刻,也沒想到在十八年後竟然還會記得那風景的細部。老實說,對那時候的我來說,風景怎麼樣好像都無所謂似的。我只想著我自己的事。想著那時候身邊並肩走著一個美女的事,想著我和她的事,並且又再想回我自己的事。那是不管看見什麼,感覺什麼,想到什麼,最後都會像回力棒一樣回到自己手上的年代。何況我正在戀愛,那場戀愛把我帶進一個非常麻煩複雜的處境。讓我沒有任何多餘的心情去轉向周遭的風景。」
而林少華就咁樣翻譯:
「記憶這東西真有些不可思議。實際身臨其境的時候,幾乎未曾意識到那片風景,未曾覺得它有什麼撩人情懷之處,更沒想到十八年後仍歷歷在目。那時心裡想的,只是我自己,只是我身旁相伴而行的一個漂亮姑娘,只是我與她的關係,而後又轉回我自己。在那個年齡,無論目睹什麼感受什麼還是思考什麼,終歸像回飛棒一樣轉回到自己身上。更何況我正懷著戀情,而那戀情又把我帶到一處紛紜而微妙的境地,根本不容我有欣賞周圍風景的閒情逸致。」
咁樣對比之下,兩者分別係咪好明顯呢?
賴明珠成段文字入面,都無用過成語。而林少華為左令文字簡潔而貼近中文,將賴明珠譯筆下的「還會記得那風景的細部」、「任何多餘的心情」,翻譯為「歷歷在目」、「閒情逸致」;林少華會用上「未曾覺得它有什麼撩人情懷之處」、「紛紜而微妙的境地」等等華麗的詞藻,而係賴明珠筆下,就係相對平實既「既不覺得印象特別深刻」以及「非常麻煩複雜的處境」。
▍文革大革命都有影響?個人成長經歷影響文字風格
除左翻譯理念嘅唔同,個人成長經歷以及時代背景,當然都好影響翻譯家嘅文字風格。
村上春樹、林少華,同賴明珠分別係1949年、1952年,同1947 年出世,大家出生年份相近,可以算係同代人,但大家嘅成長背景就差天共地。村上春樹成長環境比英美嘅小說、音樂包圍,因此佢嘅生活方式、筆下文字自然貼近西方,而有唔似日文嘅地方(關於呢點,有機會另外寫多一篇文)。
林少華則係成長於中國文化大革命期間,佢曾經「上山下鄉」,去左鄉下務農,結束之後先返去城市讀書。林少華翻譯嘅其中一個致命問題,就係佢唔熟悉60、70年代嘅音樂,以及英文呢種語言本身。正當70年代,國內人人無飯食嘅時候,村上春村同賴明珠分別係日本同台灣蒲緊Jazz酒吧(誇飾),聽緊西方音樂(賴明珠仲曾經係日本留學添)。文革結束之後,林少華經歷左長達十年嘅文化缺失,要急起直追理解村上春樹小說入面提到嘅元素,其實都頗有難度。
所以,時代同文化背景相近,係賴明珠嘅絕對優勢。賴明珠曾經自豪咁講,因為佢同村上春樹係同代人,所以深深了解佢嘅諗法同文字,連譯嘅時候用咩語氣都一清二楚。
對於林少華嘅翻譯手法,賴明珠都有d睇法。佢係蘋果日報嘅訪問提到:「我個人較偏向尊重原著,但中國人做事有不同標準」、「林先生因為喜歡唐詩,不知不覺會賣弄文字的美,喜歡與否是個人喜好。我自己選擇忠於原著,給讀者去選擇。」
而對於中國大陸讀者比較鍾意林少華嘅翻譯法,賴明珠認為原因都係因為文革:「他們因為10年文革,把詩詞都丟掉了,現在就補償起來,重新喜歡這些文字,台灣、香港人一直在讀古文,因此並不需要這些,直接進入(村上的世界)。」
▍中國大陸翻譯,其實唔只林少華一個
順帶一提,其實中國大陸嘅村上春樹翻譯者,又點只得林少華一個咁少。只不過因為佢好早期引入村上春樹,亦翻譯得最多作品,所以先會被當成村上春樹嘅中國大陸「御用翻譯者」。
每逢村上春樹有新書,大陸都會有唔同出版社爭翻譯權。本來,村上嘅書一直都由林少華翻譯,但自2009年起,就比另一間出版社搶左翻譯權,比如話《1Q84》嘅中國大陸版,同2013年嘅《沒有色彩的多崎作和他的巡禮之年》,就係由日本文學翻譯家施小煒翻譯。
當時施小煒嘅翻譯,就以「忠於原著」作為賣點,根本就係直接對林少華開火。風水輪流轉,村上春樹新作《刺殺騎士團長》又變返做林少華翻譯,自然有人歡喜有人愁。當然,台港讀者就唔駛煩,因為幾乎永遠都會係時報出版同賴明珠翻譯。
▍識睇一定係睇英文?
不時活躍網絡世界嘅哲學教授王偉雄,就曾經講過:「村上春樹的小說,我從來只讀英譯,因為試過拿起中譯(賴明珠翻譯)讀了幾頁,覺得行文很彆扭,而英譯則十分自然,不像是翻譯。」
千祈唔好以為用英文睇村上春樹係造作,其實咁樣真係幾有道理,因為村上春樹嘅日文,本來就有一種翻譯感,所以用英文翻譯反而更加直接(有興趣嘅話可以寫多篇文講解點解村上春樹嘅文字咁特別)。
我又唔直接答你,用例子答你。英文版嘅村上春樹翻譯唔只一種架,讀者都幾幸福,而呢度就用上Jay Rubin翻譯嘅版本,:
“Memory is a funny thing. When I was in the scene, I hardly paid it any mind. I never stopped to think of it as something that would make a lasting impression, certainly never imagined that eighteen years later I would recall it in such detail. I didn't give a damn about the scenery that day. I was thinking about myself. I was thinking about the beautiful girl walking next to me. I was thinking about the two of us together, and then about myself again. It was the age, that time of life when every sight, every feeling, every thought came back, like a boomerang, to me. And worse, I was in love. Love with complications. The scenery was the last thing on my mind.”
▍同場加映,原文其實係咁
講左咁多,不如直接比大家睇下原文。雖然你未必識日文,但都可以直接比較下(睇日文漢字),或者請教識日文嘅朋友,睇下點翻譯先算好d囉?
「記憶というのはなんだか不思議なものだ。その中に実際に身を置いていたとき、僕はそんな風景に殆ど注意なんて払わなかった。とくに印象的な風景だとも思わなかったし、十八年後もその風景を細部まで覚えているかもしれないとは考えつきもしなかった。正直なところ、そのときの僕には風景なんてどうでもいいようなものだったのだ。僕は僕自身のことを考え、そのときとなりを並んで歩いていた一人の美しい女のことを考え、僕と彼女とのことを考え、そしてまた僕自身のことを考えた。それは何を見ても何を感じても何を考えても、結局すべてはブーメランのように自分自身の手もとに戻ってくるという年代だったのだ。おまけに僕は恋をしていて、その恋はひどくややこしい場所に僕を運んでいた。まわりの風景に気持ちを向ける余裕なんてどこにもなかったのだ。」
有d人會形容林少華嘅翻譯比較「濃妝豔抹」,咁相對之下賴明珠嘅翻譯就比較「淡妝」,更貼近日文原文嘅淡雅樸實。日本學者藤井省三教授係《村上春樹心底的中國》入面就狠批林少華,認為佢嘅翻譯只得零分,因為入面加入左好多詩詞味道,令文章過於華麗而偏離原文意思。林少華嘅回應,就係認為翻譯應該翻出意境,而唔係單純翻譯文字就算係忠於原著。
其實就正如影相、菲林,甚至耳機、耳響一樣,有d器材成色會淡d、濃d,有d就高音甜、中音準、低音勁。你揀邊種,無絕對嘅,都係個人喜好姐。有d人會覺得《且聽風吟》有意境過《聽風的歌》,有d人又會覺得前者太造作——大家又點睇呢?你地鍾意邊一位嘅翻譯多d?
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媽咪上飛機前和西卡聊了一下… (中文在下面)
題外話是,西卡變黑了許多是吧 …
This is my phone chat with Jessie today before Mommy get on the flight to Shanghai.. and Mommy just found out, Jessica’s memory is getting better and she is now able to recall specific events from many days ago. wow.. she is on her way to a big gal now..
媽咪 :「西卡,妳今天心情好嗎? 有乖乖嗎?」
西卡 :「有呀!!」
媽咪 :「這麼棒呀,如果妳一直都乖乖的,媽咪去接妳時,一定買一個伍迪或巴斯光年獎勵妳!!」
西卡 : 「是新的Jessie (傑西)嗎??」
媽咪 : 「不用Jessie啦,我們家已經有一個Jessie啦,我們不需要再買一個Jessie啦!」
西卡 :「是因為我吐嗎??」
媽咪 : 「不是啦,妳吐也不是故意的,只是因為我們家已經有一個Jessie了,所以不需要再買啦,媽咪已經把Jessie清的很乾淨了!!」
西卡 :「妳幫她洗澡了嗎??」
媽咪 :「有呀!!」
西卡 : 「她濕濕的嗎?」
媽咪 : 「有呀,但媽咪已經弄乾她了!!」
西卡 :「妳幫她洗頭髮了嗎??」
媽咪 :「有呀」
西卡 :「妳幫她洗衣服了嗎??」
媽咪 : 「有呀」
然後她沉默了一下子,笑了!!
媽咪覺得不可思議的是她的邏輯能力,更不可思議星期二早上發生的事,她竟然還記得她不小心吐在Jessie身上了,孩子的記憶力好好,她又往長大這條路邁向一步了!!
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感激Selina Kinyee Chau翻譯我的散文作品,讓香港及台灣以外的朋友都能看得明白,從中文走向英語,是我作品的大突破,感謝妳一字一句的用心翻譯:)
《WhatsApp and its USD0.99》
by Roy Kwong Translated by Selina Kinyee Chau
The WhatsApp software developer has informed its users to the app to be payable, triggering a fight between iPhone users and android users because iPhone users only pay USD0.99 once to enjoy life-long service but android users need to pay the same price every year.
Android users complain, “Why iPhone users only need to pay once but we need to pay every year?” iPhone users retort, “You didn’t say anything when we were being charged at the beginning. And now you are complaining.” So the two parties are stuck at whether the charge is unfair to Android users.
After the Two Ticks and Last seen on (Please refer to the previous article of the same writer), the WhatsApp started a fight again because of this USD0.99 issue. From between lovers to friends, now it has even extended to the whole user group of the two giant software developers. It should be named the Most Evil App of the Century.
The inconsistency of charging is of course WhatsApp’s fault. However, for those who can afford a smart phone that cost thousands dollars will be able to afford USD0.99 which is only the price of a can of coke, won’t they?
Some student users may complain, “I don’t have a credit card, I’m not able to pay at the App Store, WhatsApp are not considerate of us.” It is reasonable for users under 18 to complain if they don’t have a credit card. But if the charge is a disaster of WhatsApp, isn’t it just time for people to show their kindness? Friends who have a credit card can rescue others at this time, “I have a credit card. Let me pay it for you.”
Friends without a credit card will appreciate what you have done for them, although it is WhatsApp’s fault of the forbiddance of sending messages before the expiry date, reactivating the function for your friends by buying them a can of coke is meaningful, isn’t it? The USD0.99 of WhatsApp has created a chance to show your care to your friends, how nice as a social networking app!
Recall those days when we were still texting, it was actually not financial friendly at all. For the sake of keeping in touch with our friends, we were compelled to use the same service provider as theirs even its service was the worst in the world and we had to survived three times every day from losing connection just because to keep the text messages free of charge.
Still, the Two Ticks and Last seen on functions have created a lot of problem. But the invention of WhatsApp allows us to send messages for free, save us from paying for every text messages. It deserves to be granted a credit. And the simplified process by just clicking a few buttons to send pictures, videos and audios when we could only do so via email in the past. What’s more, WhatsApp had actually stated in the Terms and Conditions that charge may be applied after the first year.
So there have been so many complaints about WhatsApp being unfairness and has been given the name “a broken app” when it announced to charge? No one ever said something like that before the charging. After the charge applied, negative comments has swept over the Internet. Some suggested to use another communication app, Line, which is free of charge, and WhatsApp has become the public enemy. Despite the inconsistent charge, what’s wrong for WhatsApp to charge for using the app?
Have we become too comfortable enjoying free lunch without notice?
I still remember how hard I tried to save to buy a CD home and listened to it again and again when I was a kid. I had never been tired of it because it wasn’t easy. When there was a movie I liked, I saved hard to go to the cinema for it. If I didn’t have enough money, I bought the VCD when it was released. But VCDs were only available for movies not for TV shows. I had to start sitting in front of the TV before the show I liked started so that I wouldn’t miss any parts. And recorders became my good friend too. I really cherished the only-180-minute memory of every tape.
After I grew up, thanks to the advanced technology becomes able to store everything, the TV, computer, CD player, VCD player, game station and recorders, into ONE smart phone, only without the air conditioner. Want to listen to a song? Go to Youtube; want a movie? PPS, internet TV! A TV show? There are also apps you can watch live TV or play back. Want some games? From Angry Bird to Candy Crush, there are thousands of choices waiting for you.
However, The advance of technology has devalue our attitude towards making efforts. Because everything has become easy to get nowadays.
Have you noticed the songs nowadays are not as good as those in the past? That could be the problem of quality itself but more likely, it is because we have too many options. Now we just need to click a few buttons, thousands of search results will come out and we can listen to them right after. We are spoiled to be greedy unconditionally. We didn’t realize how long we hadn’t paid for a CD until the news of HMV’s bankruptcy spread out.
In the past we had to sit still and paid 100% attention to the movie to enjoy it, now we can just watch it from a few-inch-wide screen on a train. But the price is we keep being interrupted by the surrounding noise and people. When the character is saying something moving, we would just realize we’ve missed the stop and have to rush to get off. It may be free to watch a movie like this but I prefer paying to buy a ticket to go to the cinema.
We don’t need to worry about missing the best part of a TV show because our friends always share them on Facebook. We don’t need to watch every scene but you know what is going on in every story. But why is there still something missing? It turns out that we only keep the concentrated part of everything while the every well panned detail has been wasted. We don’t spend time building a connection with the characters in the story. However, if we don’t even spend time watching the the TV show by ourself, how can we feel the same way as the characters do, like we did in the past?
You don’t feel the pain losing something if you have never made any effort. It is just like we keep those old comics that we spent all our pocket money on even they are old and worn , but we are able to uninstall an app on our phone without a thought. Well, just take a couple seconds to download and we will own it again anytime.
While we are expecting making no effort, we are also destroying creativity. Creators lack of motivation. Creativity is worth nothing nowadays. People will search for replacement when one creativity starts to charge. This is not just about the USD0.99 of WhatsApp, it’s about our value on Give and Take.
Technology has changed our life, but we should never let it change our values.
We avoid Giving. But giving is vital for us to learn to cherish. Sometimes we get back more by giving than not giving, not just about money but also about love. Think about it, if we get what we want easily without paying any effort, comparing with that you devote yourself to a relationship while the other devotes to the relationship as much as you. Then none of you will give up on the relationship easily.
If you think WhatsApp is good, it deserves the USD0.99. Although I am still annoyed by the evil functions such as the Two Ticks and Last Seen on. WeChat is free but you have to pay your liberty of speech for it. One user once tried to send the name of Southern Weekly in Chinese, the system reminded him that “The message has involved sensitive words, please try again after making modification.” What’s wrong with the name of Southern Weekly? The even more ridiculous thing is, while I am writing this article, I get the news that WeChat now has tightened up the regulation that users have to use their real name, phone number when posting on the public forum and are even required to upload the photo of them with their ID card, like you have committed some serious crime.
To avoid paying USD0.99, you need to escape to somewhere that and be monitored. One day if you really encounter some sensitive issue, you will realize not paying actually pays more than paying. I believe most of readers are willing to pay for this USD0.99. We hope WhatsApp will open up more channels for payments.
Don’t let the wheels of Time make us forget the value of giving.
Writer for Yam Taiwan, Roy Kwong
http://goo.gl/aQD8B
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