最近,我在「TIME時代」雜志的專欄文章裡,向全球的讀者介紹了大陸「世界工廠」的+AI自動化升級。隨著勞動力成本的上漲,工業自動化、智慧化勢必是大陸製造業的一劑特效藥。自動化能讓運營成本下降,但仍能讓中國大陸保持生產品質、流程、供應鏈維度的優勢。AI賦能產業升級的願景或許還需多年才能實現,但當下的大陸已經讓未來可期。
以下是專欄文章全文,經TIME授權翻譯轉載:
「中國世界工廠 + AI 的未來」
多年來,中國大陸一直被喻為「世界工廠」,即便在全球其他經濟體紛紛遭遇新冠疫情重擊的2020年,大陸製造產業仍然維持穩健的增長范式,全年產值高達3.854萬億美元,占到全球市場近三分之一。
但如果你腦中的大陸工廠是傳統的「血汗工廠」,是時候修正你的刻板印象了。大陸經濟已經迅速地從疫情衝擊下復蘇,疫情同時催化了各種各樣人工智慧(AI)的應用場景加速實現。自2014年以來,中國大陸的AI專利申請量已經超越美國,至今維持全球領先。在學術領域,中國大陸的AI研究論文發表數量、AI期刊的引用量,也雙雙在近年超過了美國。在產業方面,AI應用在大陸的落地速度超越世界其他國家和地區,具有商業價值的AI應用如今開始百花齊放,整合了軟體、硬體和機器人技術的新一代自動化揭開序曲,AI賦能傳統行業的能量,正在蓄勢待發地重塑各行各業。
人類社會至今經歷了三次不同的工業革命:蒸汽革命、電力革命和資訊革命。我相信,AI將會是推動全球第四次工業革命的核心引擎,在世界各地點燃數位化和自動化的變革,而這波前所未有的硬科技浪潮,將由中國來引領實踐。
由於勞動人口減少和新增人口放緩,中國大陸的傳統產業正面臨著勞動力成本上升的巨大壓力,AI正是解決這個難題的技術解答。人工智慧不僅能夠降低運營成本,提高生產效率,擴大整體產能,還有望能帶來收入的增長。
例如,創新工場投資的廣州極飛科技是一家致力於未來農業的AI科技公司,極飛將無人機、機器人和感測器部署在稻田、麥田和棉花田裡,用技術賦能農業中的播種、農藥噴灑、栽種管理、甚至天氣監測環節。用於作物噴灑的極飛科技R150農業無人車已經被推廣到了英國,應用在蘋果、草莓、黑莓等多種經濟作物的種植流程中。
一些大陸的創新公司正積極把機器人拓展到意想不到的場景。總部位於北京的鎂伽是創新工場投資的生命科學智慧自動化公司,他們和實驗室、製藥公司、高校合作,憑藉AI+機器人技術的積累,用自動化解決方案執行實驗室中勞動密集、重複性高、但需要高度精確的任務和流程,同時機器人作業也將盡最大可能保護實驗室人員降低實驗過程中的感染風險。
除了創業公司,我們看到幾家成熟的龍頭企業也開始積極擁抱AI。創新工場參與了有28年歷史的中力電動叉車,這家頭部的鋰電叉車製造商已經推出了能夠在工廠、倉庫自主運行的無人叉車,並且無需對運行環境進行改造,能快速實現從手動到電動到自動駕駛的搬運賦能創新。此外,擁有50多年歷史的領先客車製造商-宇通集團,與自動駕駛獨角獸企業-文遠知行戰略合作,已在大陸三個城市的馬路上運行全無人駕駛小巴。
接著會發生什麼?我大膽預見,在更長遠的未來,機器人和AI將接管大多數產品的製造、設計、交付甚至營銷——很可能將生產成本降低到和原物料成本相差無幾。未來的機器人有能力自我複製和自我修復,甚至做到部分自我反覆運算設計。房屋和公寓將交由AI主導設計,使用預製建築模塊,交由機器人像搭積木似地築樓蓋房。無人公交、無人摩托等隨傳隨到的自動化未來交通系統,能將我們安全無虞地送達想去的地方。
這些願景成為現實或許還需要多年,但此時的大陸正在積極鋪墊引領新一代自動化革命的基石。可期的是,中國工廠的實力將不僅僅體現在產能上,而將逐步彰顯在智慧上。
本文經「TIME時代」授權進行中文編譯,原文如下:
China Is Still the World's Factory — And It's Designing the Future With AI
BY KAI-FU LEE
For many years now, China has been the world’s factory. Even in 2020, as other economies struggled with the effects of the pandemic, China’s manufacturing output was $3.854 trillion, up from the previous year, accounting for nearly a third of the global market.
But if you are still thinking of China’s factories as sweatshops, it’s probably time to change your perception. The Chinese economic recovery from its short-lived pandemic blip has been boosted by its world-beating adoption of artificial intelligence (AI). After overtaking the U.S. in 2014, China now has a significant lead over the rest of the world in AI patent applications. In academia, China recently surpassed the U.S. in the number of both AI research publications and journal citations. Commercial applications are flourishing: a new wave of automation and AI infusion is crashing across a swath of sectors, combining software, hardware and robotics.
As a society, we have experienced three distinct industrial revolutions: steam power, electricity and information technology. I believe AI is the engine fueling the fourth industrial revolution globally, digitizing and automating everywhere. China is at the forefront in manifesting this unprecedented change.
Chinese traditional industries are confronting rising labor costs thanks to a declining working population and slowing population growth. The answer is AI, which reduces operational costs, enhances efficiency and productivity, and generates revenue growth.
For example, Guangzhou-based agricultural-technology company XAG, a Sinovation Ventures portfolio company, is sending drones, robots and sensors to rice, wheat and cotton fields, automating seeding, pesticide spraying, crop development and weather monitoring. XAG’s R150 autonomous vehicle, which sprays crops, has recently been deployed in the U.K. to be used on apples, strawberries and blackberries.
Some companies are rolling out robots in new and unexpected sectors. MegaRobo, a Beijing-based life-science automation company also backed by Sinovation Ventures, designs AI and robots to safely perform repetitive and precise laboratory work in universities, pharmaceutical companies and more, reducing to zero the infection risk to lab workers.
It’s not just startups; established market leaders are also leaning into AI. EP Equipment, a manufacturer of lithium-powered warehouse forklifts founded in Hangzhou 28 years ago, has with Sinovation Ventures’ backing launched autonomous models that are able to maneuver themselves in factories and on warehouse floors. Additionally Yutong Group, a leading bus manufacturer with over 50 years’ history, already has a driverless Mini Robobus on the streets of three cities in partnership with autonomous vehicle unicorn WeRide.
Where is all this headed? I can foresee a time when robots and AI will take over the manufacturing, design, delivery and even marketing of most goods—potentially reducing costs to a small increment over the cost of materials. Robots will become self-replicating, self-repairing and even partially self-designing. Houses and apartment buildings will be designed by AI and use prefabricated modules that robots put together like toy blocks. And just-in-time autonomous public transportation, from robo-buses to robo-scooters, will take us anywhere we want to go.
It will be years before these visions of the future enter the mainstream. But China is laying the groundwork right now, setting itself up to be a leader not only in how much it manufactures, but also in how intelligently it does it.
Source:https://time.com/6084158/china-ai-factory-future/
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張忠謀對半導體供應鏈在地化的致詞引起矚目,我將全文的翻譯,分享給大家:
張忠謀APEC非正式領袖會議致詞全文:(中文在後)
This Informal Retreat has been called to discuss how Asia-Pacific can collaborate to move through the COVID health crisis, and to accelerate the post-COVID economic recovery. Chinese Taipei will address these two topics specifically.
On COVID-19, Chinese Taipei has had an excellent record so far. With a population of 23 million, over the last year and half, and in spite of a recent surge which has now abated, we have had a total of about fifteen thousand infected cases (.07% of the population), and 763 deaths (3 out of one hundred thousand).
We believe that our experience and know-how gained can help other APEC members. We have been, and continue to be willing to help. We have donated masks and other medical supplies to other APEC members in the past and are ready and willing to share our anti-COVID-19 know-how with you.
At the same time, WE NEED HELP! Our vaccination coverage at present is less than 20%. Although the U.S. and Japan have been generous in donating vaccines to us, and our private institutions have succeeded in procuring ten million doses of vaccines, we still need more vaccines, and need them sooner! Most other APEC members need help as well. We must ask for help from the APEC members that possess and produce more vaccines than they themselves need.
On re-vitalizing Post-COVID economy, Chinese Taipei urges free trade among APEC members and in the world, after giving consideration to vital national security needs.
In the past seven decades, free trade has enabled vibrant growth in most APEC economies. Free trade is merely a way in which each APEC economy contributes its own competitive advantage and every APEC member benefits.
Recently, however, we note with concern the tendency to want self-sufficiency or “on-shoring” of semiconductor chips. We must point out that in the past many decades free trade has greatly helped the advance of semiconductor technology. In turn, the ever greater complexity of the technology has caused the supply chain to go “off-shore”.
It would be highly impractical to try to turn back the clock. If it is tried, cost will go up and technology advance may slow. What may happen is that after hundreds of billions and many years have been spent, the result will still be a not-quite-self-sufficient, and high-cost supply chain.
We do recognize national security concerns, and believe that for security applications, a self-sufficient supply chain within one’s own borders is prudent. However, for the much larger civilian market, a supply chain substantially based on free trade system is by far the best approach.
In summary, on COVID-19, Chinese Taipei can help, is ready and willing to help with its know-how, but also needs more vaccines sooner, along with many other APEC members. On Post-COVID economic re-vitalization, Chinese Taipei urges free trade, after giving consideration to vital national security concerns.
(中文翻譯)
此次非正式領袖會議召開的目的是討論亞太地區應如何合作以度過新型冠狀病毒(COVID-19)疫情危機,並加速疫後經濟復甦。中華台北將就這兩個議題表達看法。
面對新型冠狀病毒(COVID-19)疫情,中華台北迄今維持傑出防疫紀錄。我們有兩千三百萬人口,儘管近期疫情曾一度升溫,但目前業已趨緩,在過去超過一年半的時間中,總確診病例數約為一萬五千例(佔總人口0.07%),其中死亡病例數為763例(約為十萬分之三)。
相信我們在過程中得到的經驗與知識能夠協助其他APEC成員。我們持續地願意提供協助。過去我們曾捐贈口罩與其他醫療物資予其他APEC成員,現在也準備好與你們分享我們抗疫的知識。
同時,我們也需要幫助!目前我們的疫苗注射覆蓋率低於20%。雖然美國與日本已慷慨捐贈疫苗,我們的民間機構也已成功採購一千萬劑,我們仍然需要更多數量的疫苗,而且需要儘快取得!其他多數的APEC成員也需要幫助。我們需要向目前擁有並生產超過他們自身所需疫苗數量的APEC成員尋求協助。
針對疫後經濟復甦,中華台北敦促APEC成員,在考慮重要國家安全需求後,彼此間及與全球進行自由貿易。
在過去70年,自由貿易使多數APEC經濟體蓬勃發展。自由貿易僅是各APEC經濟體貢獻自己的競爭優勢,而其他APEC成員藉此受惠的方法。
然而近來,我們很關切要求「境內」半導體晶片自給自足的趨勢。我們必需指出,過去數十年的自由貿易大幅促進半導體技術發展。因此,越趨複雜的技術致使供應鏈走向「境外」。
試圖讓時光倒流是相當不切實際的,如果嘗試讓時光倒流,不僅成本將會提升以及技術的進步可能放緩。在花費了數千億與許多年的時間之後,結果仍將是無法充分自給自足且成本很高的供應鏈。
我們認同國家安全的顧慮確實存在,也相信針對國安應用,在國境內存有一個能夠自給自足的供應鏈是審慎的作法。然而,針對規模大得許多的民間市場,一個基於自由貿易體系的供應鏈是最好的作法。
總結來說,針對新型冠狀病毒(COVID-19)疫情,中華台北能夠協助,我們也願意、並準備好以自身的知識與經驗提供協助,但也和其他許多APEC成員一樣,需要儘快取得更多疫苗。關於疫後經濟復甦,中華台北敦促在考慮關鍵國家安全需求後,應該採取自由貿易。
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五月是美國亞太裔傳統月!美國亞太裔外交官在美國國務院扮演重要的角色,在AIT的運作上更是如此!在整個五月份,我們將為各位介紹AIT亞太裔官員的重要貢獻。第一位是AIT經濟組副組長邵藹帝:邵藹帝副組長於地球日參加了2021美國創新中心年度創新論壇,並與觀眾分享永續發展、經濟政策及供應鏈韌性之間的相互關係。邵藹帝副組長也肯定台灣是推動永續發展和環境保護的領袖及負責任的夥伴;同時,她也期待台灣未來在促進綠色永續經濟復甦的重要貢獻!一起來看邵藹帝副組長的中文演說。
It’s Asian-American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month! AAPI diplomats are a vital part of the State Department, and especially our AIT operation! All month, we look forward to featuring the important contributions of our AAPI colleagues. Let’s start with AIT’s Deputy Economic Chief Arati Shroff. Two weeks ago, she explained the interconnection between sustainability, economic policy and supply chain resiliency with the audience at the American Innovation Center’s Annual Innovation Forum on 2021 Earth Day. Ms. Shroff commended Taiwan for being a responsible partner and leader to promote sustainable development and protect the environment. She looks forward to Taiwan’s future contributions that will spur a green and sustainable economic recovery! Watch her full speech here.
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我叫张国华,在这里我会分享我朝向 Olympia 的脚步,分享我个人健身的方式,饮食、烹饪?、supplements 以及等等。
我是一位IFBB PRO 健体运动员。我健身已经超过15年了,在2013年已经开始了我的比职业赛的生涯,我在世界各地的比赛已经超过17次了,就如美国,印尼,新加坡,泰国,香港,马来西亚,中国,日本,菲利宾等等。我的最高荣誉就是在美国的Musclemania 获得8次冠军。
I'm an IFBB Pro Men's Physique athlete. I started training 15 years ago and began competing at a professional level from 2013. Since then I've competed in over 14 bodybuilding competitions worldwide from U.S.A. to Japan, China, Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, Hong Kong and Malaysia.
Some of my highlights include holding the title as a 7x World Physique Champion under the Muslemania Universe and Musclemania America as well as being the 1st Runner Up at the IFBB Japan Pro 2018.
________________
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各節重點:
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02:41 從政將近半世紀的老將拜登
03:52 拜登的爭議和缺點
05:26 拜登的「修復」工程
06:54 對外關係的可能發展
08:49 黨內外的政治角力
10:14 我們的觀點
12:29 提問
12:46 結尾
【 製作團隊 】
|企劃:路寬
|腳本:路寬、冰鱸
|編輯:土龍、冰鱸
|剪輯後製:Pookie
|剪輯助理:歆雅、珊珊
|演出:志祺
——
【 本集參考資料 】
→Why America Must Lead Again:https://fam.ag/2JTQoaD
→拜登與中國的40年:從支持中國崛起到對華強硬 - 紐約時報中文網:https://nyti.ms/3nkY4Bj
→美國當選總統:誰是喬·拜登?:https://bbc.in/2Un7a41
→等了33年,拜登終於登上美國總統寶座!:https://bit.ly/2IyxXb2
→美國政壇「不死老喬」:拜登的第三次總統:https://bit.ly/3krDRrM
→若拜登當選總統 將與盟友共同抗衡中國:https://bit.ly/38DielS
→曾稱讚14歲少女胸部?拜登遭譏「猥瑣怪叔叔」性騷擾黑歷史連環爆 | 國際 | 新頭殼 Newtalk:https://bit.ly/35rLPg3
→美國大選:拜登部署新計劃 首要任務是應對新冠疫情 https://bbc.in/3kttAeD
→拜登入主白宮對國際局勢的影響:https://bit.ly/3ltVg4n
→拜登上任之後,將會面臨哪些外交挑戰?:https://bit.ly/2IzuhFI
→誰是總統當選人喬拜登?:他身邊的人是誰?:https://bit.ly/38CNCB5
→美國人2020大選投票率創120年來新高:https://www.voacantonese.com/a/make-america-vote-again-20201109/5653634.html
→〈美國總統大選〉一文掌握 拜登對美中台議題的看法:https://bit.ly/3eUkyWN
→喬治亞州2席都要決選 參院確定明年1月才知由哪黨掌控:https://bit.ly/3eXaMTR
→台灣人能盼到「川規拜隨」嗎?:https://bit.ly/3niV6x9
→Tara Reade: What are the sex attack allegations against Joe Biden? - BBC News:https://bbc.in/3f78SQN
→About the Transition | President-Elect Joe Biden https://buildbackbetter.com/the-transition/
→Zero tolerance policy, explain:https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/jun/18/why-are-families-being-separated-at-the-us-border-explainer
→COVID-19-The Biden-Harris plan to beat COVID-19:https://bit.ly/3pnZmgE
→ECONOMIC RECOVERY-The Biden-Harris Jobs and Economic Recovery Plan for Working Families:https://bit.ly/2IsvUVP
→RACIAL EQUITY-The Biden-Harris plan to advance racial equity:https://bit.ly/2Uot86U
→ CLIMATE CHANGE-The Biden-Harris plan to create union jobs by tackling the climate crisis:https://bit.ly/38yT2wW
→Who might Biden tap for top foreign policy positions? - Los Angeles Times:https://lat.ms/3lrc6Rq
→Centrist House Democrats lash out at liberal colleagues, blame far-left views for costing the party seats :https://wapo.st/38F23o0
→Joe Biden: I'm a Democrat and I love John McCain - YouTube:https://bit.ly/36M0nqz
→How UPS explained the missing Biden family documents, and a word about Hunter:https://fxn.ws/35pc3zW
→Trump attacked Biden by saying his opponent would 'listen to the scientists' in dealing with COVID-19:https://bit.ly/2IiR9cC
→This is the time to heal': Joe Biden addresses Americans in election victory speech:https://bit.ly/3kAA1g5
→Can Trump steal the election?: https://bit.ly/3eVrAuf
→Joe Biden wins: what next for America? - YouTube:https://bit.ly/2UnC9wN
【 延伸閱讀 】
→Saving Lives in America, China, and Around the World | Asia Society:https://bit.ly/36vNmRI
→Biden and Ukraine: What we know about corruption claims :https://bit.ly/32HZi1H
→Is Hunter Biden a problem for Joe Biden? :https://bit.ly/32D8ogc
→The case for Joe Biden :https://bit.ly/3lrcDmo
→Joe Biden’s Record on China and Taiwan:https://bit.ly/32HdSXc
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