近來我發現,在那些針對「熱衷探索自然」的戶外活動愛好者和發布秘境貼文者所日益增長批評裡,最常見的莫過於:
「遊客會製造垃圾!」
「這些地方很多人去的話,接下來就等著看到滿地垃圾吧!」
「這些『熱愛大自然』的人們就是最大的問題!」
「我們不能開放戶外景點給一般大眾,因為他們都不負責任,而且會破壞環境!」
但,真的是這樣嗎?這些遊客是將大量塑膠垃圾傾倒在山林河川當中的主力嗎?讓我們來深入檢視一下這個議題:「為什麼有些廢棄物的最後下場,不是在掩埋場、焚化爐、回收廠、或是相對應的公共衛生處理單位呢?」
不幸的是,一些不成熟的遊客走進了大自然,把垃圾丟在那裡。如果您拜訪任何受歡迎的瀑布或溫泉,可能還會在那裡看到一些垃圾。
遊客傾向於做出兩個錯誤的假設:
<露營垃圾全是可燃的>
這是錯誤的。就像您在家一樣,應將垃圾分類為廢物和可回收物,並隨身攜帶離開。您的垃圾都不應進入營火中。
<食物會迅速分解在自然裡>
雖然沒錯,但蔬菜和加工食品分解可能需要幾個月的時間,橘子皮,蛋殼,骨頭可能需要數年。如果您將麵條或白菜扔進河裡,它們就不會被魚吃掉。它會在那兒呆數周和數月,聞起來酸味並腐爛。即使魚類和動物確實吞噬了您的垃圾,但餵養野生生物也不是您的工作。有生命力的食物種子最終會成為入侵物種,奇怪的食物會使動物生病或死亡。所有多餘的食物都應隨身帶離開。沒有例外。
更糟糕的是隨處可見的煙蒂頭。為什麼吸煙者不認為這些有毒的塑料和化學物質是垃圾?這是無法接受的。
儘管這真令人氣憤,但它並不是山上垃圾的最大來源。嚴重的系統問題是與垃圾收集和處理需求有關
這支影片當中,展示了位於高雄六龜葫蘆谷瀑布的一些垃圾堆。這裡的地勢陡峭,任何被丟進森林裡的垃圾都會沿著斜坡滾下。每當雨水來臨之際之際,重量較輕的塑膠製品就會被沖刷到河流,一路漂流至下游,也就是大家會去玩耍的瀑布那兒;最終,它們進入海洋,並被海浪打上遙遠的某處沙灘。
不過,這隻影片清楚地展示了何謂「誤解」:第一眼看過去,覺得只是幾個保麗龍手搖杯和一些大家會為了踏青而帶出門的東西。但當我們再次細看,裡面居然出現水桶、巨型農用塑膠布(通常寬幅至少為一公尺,幅寬則可長達數十公尺)、農藥空罐、傢俱、和一般家庭垃圾:那些「沒有」任何一個去健行的人會帶著走的物品。這些廢棄物源自山裡,最有可能的來源也就是那些住在山裡的人們。那些垃圾,並非外來者所帶去的。
這並不罕見,也非單一事件。只要在任何山路旁停下,低頭向山壁下望去,就能看見成堆的垃圾袋。那些都是在家裡打包綁好的家庭垃圾,然後在行進中的車上往車窗外扔。家庭垃圾,是來自家庭,並非來自露營者;只要能檢視這些垃圾裡所含有的文件或郵件,便能揭曉它的來源。
即使這些會任意丟棄垃圾的人們只佔了山間居民的極小部分,他們還是有著極大的影響力。而在山區違法傾倒垃圾有過之而無不及的破壞力。無論是什麼原因,有部分居住在山上的住戶,偏好將家庭垃圾棄置於河川勝於妥當的處理。這裡所討論的並非這裡一個、那裡一個的零星垃圾。一個住在台灣的四口家庭,年平均垃圾製造量大約1600公斤。這樣的垃圾量,實屬相當巨大。
而正是因為一個家庭所能產生的垃圾量如此龐大,我們實在很難切確了解這樣的(隨意扔丟家庭垃圾)行為究竟擴及到什麼樣的程度。我在路旁的樹叢裡看過不下數百件垃圾⋯⋯或許數千件了也不一定。但這是因為數十或數百個家庭這麼做,我並無法斷言。唯一能確定的是,塑膠垃圾將「傳承」好幾世代。
如果今天去到偏鄉,將垃圾丟進垃圾桶裡,那些垃圾下場的可能性之一是,人們請來收垃圾的那些車隊將垃圾從民宿或餐廳接走,沒有依照環保署的規定處理,不但沒有把垃圾載到目的地,他們會找個在附近不為人知的地點就隨便把垃圾給倒了。山林裡滿滿都是這樣的情況。我們在河裏所見的一部分垃圾,就是從這些非法掩埋場所洗刷出來的結果。
除了上述提到的部分之外,卻還有其他來源也正在為這樣的情況有所「貢獻」:在許多地方,整卡車的垃圾就是直接傾倒於山路邊,直落山腳的河中。這裡所指的,並非單純的家庭垃圾或傢俱,而是包含來自建築、農業、和工業等的大型廢棄物。諸如此類的物件並非一般民眾所能接觸的到;那麼,之所以會在這裡看到這類型的垃圾只有一個原因:無論是本身製造這些垃圾的單位,或著是他們委託的民間清潔業者,最終選擇不按常規處理廢棄物,選擇違法私了,隨意傾倒。政府的相關單位真的應該要發展一套策略,來確認這些垃圾最終有好好抵達該去的地方。
每年颱風來臨,就會把這些成千上噸的垃圾帶到海洋。但那些垃圾堆卻不會因此減少:因為卡車會帶著新一批的垃圾來再度傾倒。
在對這一切麻痺之前,我那時還會拍攝影片來講述這樣的情況;但現在,我只會假裝眼不見為淨。
話說回來,我倒是能夠理解為何有些偏鄉的家庭垃圾並無法抵達該去的目的地。我本身就是來自於美國的偏鄉地區。在我的成長過程當中,並沒有「公共收垃圾」的這項服務。我們將廚餘做成堆肥,埋在遠離主建築的庭院一角,用落葉堆在上方,放置兩年後再挖來替花園施肥。垃圾和回收物會分在不同的袋子裡。每週一次,我父親會將這些袋子用車子載去離家約二十分鐘車程的郡屬廢棄物集散地和回收中心。的確,整個過程費力費時,但做好回收和妥當處理廢棄物對我爸爸來說非常重要,而我們當時也有這過程裡所需的一切資源來達成這項任務。
但並非我們的街坊鄰居都這麼做。有些家庭沒有時間好好處理垃圾,所以就把成堆的垃圾、生活用具、壞掉的車子和玩具等等,隨意散落在他們的住家四周。這也是相當常見的街景一隅。
在很多方面來說,偏鄉跟都市的生活條件比較起來,的確是不方便許多。以現實層面而言,實際的生活、家庭、經濟狀況,樣樣都會佔去不少時間。並不是所有家庭都能每每在需要之際,花上一個小時來丟好垃圾。但也有人是「能做,但我就是不想做」。沒有垃圾車的時候,他們便會選擇最為便捷的方式。政府真的應該針對山間社區提供更多的收垃圾選項。
我在這裡所訴說一切其實大家都了然於心,卻鮮少被提起。大部分在山林間那些路旁和河邊的垃圾並非來自登山客或是瀑布遊客。那些垃圾來自於那些從未抵達掩埋場的一般人類消耗結果。住在山間那些人們也不願見到如此景象。但這就是現實狀況。
這也是為什麼當我看到像是「殺風景!苦花潭遍地遊客垃圾 部落擬封閉」這樣的標題時,總會不由自主地翻個大白眼。沒錯,遊客不應該留下任何垃圾,但在不到百米之外,就有個在森林深處的家庭垃圾集散地。幾乎到哪兒都有垃圾。
如果大家有興趣前往探勘現場狀況的話,以下提供三個例子:
(大型): 24.035258, 121.170819
(大型): 24.6080971,121.2830025
(小型): 22.705481, 120.669413
面對這樣的狀況,針對個人的罰鍰並沒有太大幫助。大家平時在生活裏已經有夠多的煩惱了,否則也不會這樣處理事情。就是把收垃圾這件事情弄得再簡單一些就能幫上很大的忙了。山區的垃圾廢棄必須得簡單又方便,如同城市裡所提供的一樣。
最後還是要呼籲大家,因為疫情影響,人民改為國內旅遊,這是一件好事,多了親山近水的機會,也增加露營野餐烤肉樂趣,讓朋友家人感情更融洽!但是大家在拜訪大自然的同時,更需要以身作則,帶來多少食物垃圾,也請一件不留帶走。野生動物不需要被人類餵食,牠們喜歡自己自食其力,所以不用擔心動物會餓,而故意留下吃剩食物殘渣。揮揮衣袖,請帶走全部垃圾,包含烤肉架,野生動物不需要自己烤肉啦~
還有,大家不要再報復性集中旅遊啦~明明台灣美景青山綠水多到數不清,要記得分散人流,防疫新生活還是要落實,真的不知道去哪裡玩嗎?歡迎大家逛逛我的部落格,我製作了全台300多個景點地圖,可以選偏僻冷門的景點去唷~
One of the most common criticisms I see raised against nature goers and people who post 秘境 online is that visitors bring a lot of trash with them. If these areas have a lot of visitors, the result will be that there is a lot of trash. Nature-lovers are the problem. We can’t open up the wilderness to the general public, because they are irresponsible, and will trash the place. But is that really true? Are tourists the main driver of plastic waste in rivers and mountains? Let’s examine this issue a bit further and try to determine why some waste ends up in the rivers instead of landfills and public waste processing centers.
Unfortunately, some of immature tourists go into nature and leave their trash there. If you visit any popular waterfall or hot spring, chances are you will see some trash there too.
Tourists tend to make two false assumptions. One is that camping trash is burnable. It’s not. Your trash should be separated into waste and recyclables, just like you do at home, and taken out with you. None of your trash should go in the campfire.
The other is that food degrades quickly. It doesn’t. Vegetables and processed foods can months, orange peels, egg shells, bones can take years. If you toss noodles or cabbage into the river, it won’t be eaten by fish. It will stay there for weeks and months and rot and smell. Even if fish and animals did eat your garbage, it’s not your job to feed the wildlife. Viable food seeds end up as invasive species and strange foods make animals sick or die. All excess food should be taken out with you. No exceptions.
Even worse are cigarette butts. Why do smokers not think these toxic bits of plastic and chemicals are trash? This is unacceptable.
As infuriating as this is though, it’s not the biggest source of mountain garbage. There are serious systemic problems relating to garbage collection and disposal that need to be addressed.
This video shows a large trash pile at Hulugu Waterfall in Kaohsiung City, Liugui District. The terrain here is very steep. Any trash thrown into the forest will roll down the hill. When it rains, the lighter plastic products will be washed into the river and flow downstream, into the waterfalls you play at, and eventually to the ocean, and eventually onto a remote beach somewhere.
However, a closer look at the piles shows that this can be misleading: at first glance, it looks like a few styrofoam tea cups and items that people might bring on an outing with them. But as we look closer at the waste, we can see there are buckets, plastic farm sheeting, pesticide bottles, furniture, and general household waste. Items that no hiker would ever bring with them. This waste originated in the mountains, by people who live in the mountains. It was not brought by outsiders.
Neither is this a rare or isolated incident. If you stop at literally any section of mountain road and look over the edge you will see entire trash bags down below you. These are household trash bags that were packed and tied shut at home, then thrown out of the window of moving vehicles. It’s household trash, from houses, not campers, and critical examination of this waste would reveal the source through mail and other documents inside.
Even if it’s only a small percentage of the mountain population, they still have a big impact. Illegal trash dumps in the mountains have an even bigger impact. For whatever reason it is, some mountain dwellers prefer to throw their household waste into the river than dispose of it properly. This is not a stray bag here and there. The average 4 person household generates 1600KG of trash per year in Taiwan. That’s a lot of trash.
Because a single family can generate so much garbage, it’s difficult to tell how widespread this practice is. I’ve seen hundreds of trash bags in the forest by the side of the road. Possibly thousands. But if this is by dozens of families or hundreds of families I can’t say. Plastic lasts for generations.
If you visit rural communities and dispose of your trash in their trash can, there is a possibility that the private trucks they hired to pick up those waste from the restaurant or minsu aren’t taking it to an EPA landfill. Instead of delivering the trash to the final destination, they find an isolated spot nearby and just dump the garbage there. It may end up in one of these dumping sites instead. The mountains are full of them. Some of what you will see in a river is washed down from these illegal landfills.
In many places, entire truckloads of trash are dumped over the side of the roads and into the river below. This isn’t just household waste and furniture, but also construction, farming, and industrial waste too. This type of waste is not something that tourists bring into the mountains. Whoever was in charge of disposing of this waste properly decided to dump it into the forest instead. The government needs to develop a method of confirming that mountain waste reaches its intended destination.
Every year typhoons carry tons of this trash away to the ocean, but the trash piles never go away, because new trucks arrive to refill them.
I used to make videos about them before I became desensitized, but now I just pretend I didn’t see them.
I do understand why some rural household waste doesn’t make it to the correct locations though. I’m from a rural area myself. I didn’t have a trash service where I grew up. We composted food waste. It was dumped into piles far away from the house. We covered them with leaves and let them sit for two years before using it for soil in the garden. Trash and recyclables were separated into different bags. Once a week my dad drove these bags 20 minutes into town to the county dump and recycling center. It was a lot of effort, but recycling and proper waste disposal were very important to my dad, and we also had the resources to do it.
Not everyone on my street did though. Some families did not have the time and resources for proper waste disposal, and so they had piles of trash, appliances, broken down cars, broken toys, etc around their property. It was a very common sight.
In many ways, country living isn’t as easy and convenient as living in the city. Sometimes real life, family, and financial problems take up all your time. Not all families can spend an hour each time they want to take out the trash. Some people can, but just don’t want to. When trash trucks are not available, they will take the most convenient option. The government needs to increase trash pickup options for mountain communities.
What I’ve written here is well known, but not often talked about. Most of the roadside and riverside trash in the mountains isn’t from hikers and waterfall goers. It’s from normal human consumption that never makes it to a landfill. People who live in the mountains don’t like it either. But that’s what it’s like.
That’s why when I see headlines like (殺風景!苦花潭遍地遊客垃圾 部落擬封閉), I can’t help but roll my eyes. Tourists shouldn’t be leaving trash there, but there is also a household forest trash dump less than 100 meters away. There’s trash almost everywhere.
Here are a few examples if you wanna go check em out yourself:
(big): 24.035258, 121.170819
(big): 24.6080971,121.2830025
(small): 22.705481, 120.669413
Fines to individuals won’t help. People have enough problems, otherwise they wouldn’t act this way. Just make it easier to take the trash away. Trash disposal needs to be easy and convenient for mountain communities, just like it is for urban communities.
Finally, I still want to appeal to everyone. Because of the impact of the epidemic, the people have changed to domestic tourism. This is a good thing. There are more opportunities to get close to the mountains and rivers. It also increases the fun of camping and picnic barbecues, so that friends and family can feel more harmonious! But everyone is visiting nature At the same time, it is more necessary to set an example, and please don’t leave any food waste with you. Wild animals do not need to be fed by humans. They like to support themselves, so there is no need to worry that the animals will be hungry and intentionally leave leftover food residue. Flick your sleeves, please take away all the garbage, including the barbecue grill, wild animals don’t need to barbecue by themselves~
It’s clear that Taiwan’s beautiful scenery, green mountains and green waters are countless, remember to disperse the flow of people, and the new life of epidemic prevention still needs to be implemented. Do you really know where to go? Welcome everyone to visit me In my blog, I have made maps of more than 300 scenic spots in Taiwan. You can choose remote and unpopular scenic spots to go to
同時也有10000部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,910的網紅コバにゃんチャンネル,也在其Youtube影片中提到,...
「remote area example」的推薦目錄:
remote area example 在 新聞人 黃旭昇 Facebook 的精選貼文
你的畢業很重要
當我們提到偏鄉學校的畢業生時,距離遙遠跟學生人數極少一定是頭兩件被提起的事情,就拿這張照片的主角來當例子吧!發祥國小是一所一般轎車不可能到達的學校,而畢業生又只有一個,對多數、甚至全部的攝影師來說,拍這種畢業紀念冊......免肖想!虧都虧爆了!但學生還是照常會在六月畢業,畢業對畢業生很重要,也對我們偏鄉義拍的團隊很重要。
Your Graduation Matters
When we're talking about graduating students in remote area, distance and number of the students are the first two thing coming up with. Take this photo for example, in FaSiang Elementary, a school almost impossible to reach with an ordinary sedan, only got ONE graduating student for this year. For most, probably all photographer, a case like this is something no one would take. However, the graduation is still gonna to be happen next June. It DOES matter to the student. So, it also matter to us, to the charity photographing team.
#熱血義拍
#發祥國小
#偏鄉學子圓夢公益協會
remote area example 在 將軍 Steven Facebook 的最佳貼文
我是Steven將軍,今天冒著可能被PAGANI原廠列為車主黑名單的風險,來告訴大家一個全球第一篇Huayra的抱怨文~
一個全球車評都不會或不敢寫的抱怨文~
但因為我不是谷阿莫,所以只能用寫的(中英文都有).
曾經是我要以登陸月球的心態入主的夢想,卻讓我覺得真正登陸月球後,才發現到原來在月球漫步是那麼的不便!!
PAGANI風神看似藝術,也的確是藝術.
但也因為就是藝術,這台車有著獨立小廠才有的問題:資源不足.
這資源不足看似簡單,但所延伸的問題卻真的很多且嚴重~
所以,就讓我一一道來吧~
首先,這台車有許多設計上的不合理之處.
內裝
1.車門遙控器採用10多年前的老式版本,既不靈敏,又容易當機.
舉例來說,你必須固定一公尺的距離,在車門旁的固定位置,按下之後等個3秒鐘以上才有反應.
其次,久沒使用,設定的對接訊號會跑掉就必須重新設定.
2.安全帶的設計位置過於後方偏低,不見得適合大部分的東方人,因為它會勒住你的脖子.
動力
1.風神的電池式採乾電池式,很容易沒電.
好笑的是,你不鎖門不使用防盜系統,放個5天它也會自動沒電,所以必須隨時充電.
但問題是,我們這個風神的設計天兵並沒有將充電插座設計在車外(如山豬),而是車內.
這不打緊,原廠給你的充電器又不是智慧型的自充式,而是充電一次必須再手動重新再按一次的笨設計.
2.變速箱的設計是一大敗筆,因為它完全沒有考慮這是要掛牌在路上的車子,不是只有適合在賽道上.
變速箱因為是使用老式的SMG單組自手牌,雖說是為了減輕那變速箱的重量,但其產生更嚴重的是:頓挫非常+非常嚴重.
嚴重到即使是減速或慢速起步時,整台車會因離合器過笨而前後跳躍頓挫.
3.會爆衝,尤其是倒檔時,會因為稍補油門而整台突然補油過多造成退衝.
4.這是整台車最嚴重之處,會熄火~
(全台灣的風神都會熄火,我的風神狀況已經算是最OK的了)
大部分是發生在慢速起步或減速退檔時,這個問題,個人猜測應該是變速箱的離合器接觸不良.
老式SMG單組離合器在油門補油不夠多時,整台車就是容易熄火.
這很困擾,因為補多了衝出去,補少了,車動不了又熄火.
要知道,現在是2015年,不是2005年.
都甚麼年代還在用這種老式SMG離合器,莫名其妙~
售後服務
PAGANI的售後服務相當差也相當糟糕.
1.原廠叫不動,感覺像射後不理!!
舉例來說:光是遙控器的重新設定,就前後花了半年;除了原廠不正面直接處理之外,亞洲地區由香港團隊也不知要和誰聯繫!!
然而,台灣的新代理也沒有專屬保養廠,維修還得去別人的保養廠,很好笑吧~
2.亞洲地區由香港團隊服務,但所有的團隊只有5人,卻要服務全亞洲.
3.所以既使安排了也是要等到天荒地老.
4.既使發現問題,負責全亞洲的香港團隊也只能插完電腦截取資訊之後回報義大利,之後呢??就此沒消沒息.
例如剛才說的充電器,說要給個新型的車外充電式,結果快1個月了,連個影子也沒有~
開這台風神,說真的,越開越是辛苦,反觀P1,動力+變速箱既人性又科技.這就是風神,大家心目中的車界女神~
你若問我這車好嗎??
應該說擺在家裡比較好~
名符其實的:趴家裡~
PS:以我個人的經驗,原廠在設計和整合系統上有嚴重疏忽.
首先,風神根本不應該使用SMG自手排.
減輕重量只是藉口,試問, P1背了個大電池,變速箱更是雙組自手排離合器,但重量有重很多嗎??沒有!!也是1300多Kg.
其次,SMG自手排變速箱的軟體和引擎ECU軟體的搭配上也應該有問題!!
總之,PAGANI在軟體整合上很有問題~
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Once the dream like landed on the moon tobuy Pagani Huayra, but when I landed on the moon to realize walking on the moonwas such tough than I thought.
Pagani Huayra is an artwork and it isreally an art. Just because this is an artwork and it companion withindependent workshop general problem: lack of supporting resource. It seems asimple problem but it has been spreading to lots of serious defects… Let medescribe those and the first one comes from designing (unreasonable design).
Interior
1.Door remote controller usingold-school method; less sensitivity and high frequency crash. For example: The driverneeds to reach less than 1 meter, aim to specific point/area and await at least 3seconds the door remote controller worktable. Meanwhile when the remotecontroller connecting with long interval all the signal need to reboot again.
2.Seat belt
The position ofseat belt is partial rear and down-low than driver could easy reaching. Thisdesign would cause high potential reined in the neck when the owners/driversare eastern people.
Power
1.Battery: Huayra is using dry cell method. You could see such this kind ofcar is not a daily using car. When Huayra is parking in the parking lot morethan five days it will fully out of reserving electronic power. So; the ownerneeds to re-charging in every moment. But the question is why you didn’t designan external plug-in (like Bugatti Veyron) but internal rechargeable. The ownerand also doesn’t understand why you offer self-filling charger but not intelligence.When the battery has been full your charger will disconnect but the batterystill consumption the electricity by itself and your charger will not automaticrecharging again. It means, this charger only recharge by once till someone putthe charging bottom again; this is quite stupid charger and not intelligence.
2.Transmission: I think the worstdesign in Huayra is transmission. As my understanding this design just orientedfrom track design but no general traffic situation included. Because thistransmission is using SMG and also consider reducing weight, but it generatedtoo much uncoordinated cadences. This abnormal experience occurred indecelerating and slow start. When it happened whole transmission leading wholecar serious jumping cadence.
3.Violent conflict: Especially inreverse gear; when I add-on a little bit of acceleration in reverse gear thecar will violent conflict.
4.Flameout: This is a serioussafety issue on Huayra. I have been acknowledged all Huayra in Taiwan got thisproblem (my Huayra is a minimum of occurrence one). Most of this situationhappened in decelerating shift down or slow start. I believe this problemoccurred in disconnect in transmission. When the accelerating not enough beforethe shift down it occurred the flameout in vintage SMG design. It bothers thedriver; accelerating too much the car pushes out but shortage leading flameout.Pls be realistic, this is 2015 not in 2005 this kind of vintage SMG design doesnot meet the requirement of this times.
After Service
1.Invalid service ability from ItalyHDQ. For example; Just door remote controller reboot it caused over more than 6months. HDQ disable and also Asian region Hong Kongagent keep silence, no one acknowledges who takes in charge of this simplyreboot.
2.Hong Kong service team just 5 team members included and these people take incharge whole Asia Pagani’s service responsibility. Five people whole Asia?
3.Even I appointed the afterservice; it comes over waiting and waiting and further waiting…
4.OK~ until the service membershow up I saw the service process just link up and downloading the defect codesform computer and told me: we need to feedback to Italy HDQ and await the responseand….. continuously waiting. Someonetold me will provide me a new external intelligence charger; then; I waitingone month and no response.
5.You/Pagani have had a new distributor/agentin Taiwanbut there is no specific service location and the owner needs to go to othersservice plant to make the after service and this is quite strange.
I’m the owner of Pagani Huayra; if I needto make the statement of driving experience is increasingly hard. Pagani Huayrashould be goddess of the car industry, but contrast to McLaren P1 shortagebalance of humanity and technology.
If you ask me how good of Pagani Huayra? Iwould answer you it would be better parking in the parking lot for staticartwork. It is totally artwork.
For my personal suggestion andrecommendation of Huayra; system integration got serious negligence. First ofall Huayra should not be using SMG system. Cutting weight just an excuse.However, McLaren carry on a huge battery module and also automated manualtransmission system but the total weight not comes to heavier. Secondly; thesoftware of SMG and ECU communication got serious defect and it leading wholesystem unbalance. The software integration should be a major problem.