關於 stay close可以幾個人玩 ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

近來我發現，在那些針對「熱衷探索自然」的戶外活動愛好者和發布秘境貼文者所日益增長批評裡，最常見的莫過於：

「遊客會製造垃圾！」
「這些地方很多人去的話，接下來就等著看到滿地垃圾吧！」
「這些『熱愛大自然』的人們就是最大的問題！」
「我們不能開放戶外景點給一般大眾，因為他們都不負責任，而且會破壞環境！」

但，真的是這樣嗎？這些遊客是將大量塑膠垃圾傾倒在山林河川當中的主力嗎？讓我們來深入檢視一下這個議題：「為什麼有些廢棄物的最後下場，不是在掩埋場、焚化爐、回收廠、或是相對應的公共衛生處理單位呢？」

不幸的是，一些不成熟的遊客走進了大自然，把垃圾丟在那裡。如果您拜訪任何受歡迎的瀑布或溫泉，可能還會在那裡看到一些垃圾。

遊客傾向於做出兩個錯誤的假設:
<露營垃圾全是可燃的>
這是錯誤的。就像您在家一樣，應將垃圾分類為廢物和可回收物，並隨身攜帶離開。您的垃圾都不應進入營火中。

<食物會迅速分解在自然裡>
雖然沒錯，但蔬菜和加工食品分解可能需要幾個月的時間，橘子皮，蛋殼，骨頭可能需要數年。如果您將麵條或白菜扔進河裡，它們就不會被魚吃掉。它會在那兒呆數周和數月，聞起來酸味並腐爛。即使魚類和動物確實吞噬了您的垃圾，但餵養野生生物也不是您的工作。有生命力的食物種子最終會成為入侵物種，奇怪的食物會使動物生病或死亡。所有多餘的食物都應隨身帶離開。沒有例外。

更糟糕的是隨處可見的煙蒂頭。為什麼吸煙者不認為這些有毒的塑料和化學物質是垃圾？這是無法接受的。

儘管這真令人氣憤，但它並不是山上垃圾的最大來源。嚴重的系統問題是與垃圾收集和處理需求有關

這支影片當中，展示了位於高雄六龜葫蘆谷瀑布的一些垃圾堆。這裡的地勢陡峭，任何被丟進森林裡的垃圾都會沿著斜坡滾下。每當雨水來臨之際之際，重量較輕的塑膠製品就會被沖刷到河流，一路漂流至下游，也就是大家會去玩耍的瀑布那兒；最終，它們進入海洋，並被海浪打上遙遠的某處沙灘。

不過，這隻影片清楚地展示了何謂「誤解」：第一眼看過去，覺得只是幾個保麗龍手搖杯和一些大家會為了踏青而帶出門的東西。但當我們再次細看，裡面居然出現水桶、巨型農用塑膠布（通常寬幅至少為一公尺，幅寬則可長達數十公尺）、農藥空罐、傢俱、和一般家庭垃圾：那些「沒有」任何一個去健行的人會帶著走的物品。這些廢棄物源自山裡，最有可能的來源也就是那些住在山裡的人們。那些垃圾，並非外來者所帶去的。

這並不罕見，也非單一事件。只要在任何山路旁停下，低頭向山壁下望去，就能看見成堆的垃圾袋。那些都是在家裡打包綁好的家庭垃圾，然後在行進中的車上往車窗外扔。家庭垃圾，是來自家庭，並非來自露營者；只要能檢視這些垃圾裡所含有的文件或郵件，便能揭曉它的來源。

即使這些會任意丟棄垃圾的人們只佔了山間居民的極小部分，他們還是有著極大的影響力。而在山區違法傾倒垃圾有過之而無不及的破壞力。無論是什麼原因，有部分居住在山上的住戶，偏好將家庭垃圾棄置於河川勝於妥當的處理。這裡所討論的並非這裡一個、那裡一個的零星垃圾。一個住在台灣的四口家庭，年平均垃圾製造量大約1600公斤。這樣的垃圾量，實屬相當巨大。

而正是因為一個家庭所能產生的垃圾量如此龐大，我們實在很難切確了解這樣的（隨意扔丟家庭垃圾）行為究竟擴及到什麼樣的程度。我在路旁的樹叢裡看過不下數百件垃圾⋯⋯或許數千件了也不一定。但這是因為數十或數百個家庭這麼做，我並無法斷言。唯一能確定的是，塑膠垃圾將「傳承」好幾世代。

如果今天去到偏鄉，將垃圾丟進垃圾桶裡，那些垃圾下場的可能性之一是，人們請來收垃圾的那些車隊將垃圾從民宿或餐廳接走，沒有依照環保署的規定處理，不但沒有把垃圾載到目的地，他們會找個在附近不為人知的地點就隨便把垃圾給倒了。山林裡滿滿都是這樣的情況。我們在河裏所見的一部分垃圾，就是從這些非法掩埋場所洗刷出來的結果。
除了上述提到的部分之外，卻還有其他來源也正在為這樣的情況有所「貢獻」：在許多地方，整卡車的垃圾就是直接傾倒於山路邊，直落山腳的河中。這裡所指的，並非單純的家庭垃圾或傢俱，而是包含來自建築、農業、和工業等的大型廢棄物。諸如此類的物件並非一般民眾所能接觸的到；那麼，之所以會在這裡看到這類型的垃圾只有一個原因：無論是本身製造這些垃圾的單位，或著是他們委託的民間清潔業者，最終選擇不按常規處理廢棄物，選擇違法私了，隨意傾倒。政府的相關單位真的應該要發展一套策略，來確認這些垃圾最終有好好抵達該去的地方。

每年颱風來臨，就會把這些成千上噸的垃圾帶到海洋。但那些垃圾堆卻不會因此減少：因為卡車會帶著新一批的垃圾來再度傾倒。

在對這一切麻痺之前，我那時還會拍攝影片來講述這樣的情況；但現在，我只會假裝眼不見為淨。

話說回來，我倒是能夠理解為何有些偏鄉的家庭垃圾並無法抵達該去的目的地。我本身就是來自於美國的偏鄉地區。在我的成長過程當中，並沒有「公共收垃圾」的這項服務。我們將廚餘做成堆肥，埋在遠離主建築的庭院一角，用落葉堆在上方，放置兩年後再挖來替花園施肥。垃圾和回收物會分在不同的袋子裡。每週一次，我父親會將這些袋子用車子載去離家約二十分鐘車程的郡屬廢棄物集散地和回收中心。的確，整個過程費力費時，但做好回收和妥當處理廢棄物對我爸爸來說非常重要，而我們當時也有這過程裡所需的一切資源來達成這項任務。

但並非我們的街坊鄰居都這麼做。有些家庭沒有時間好好處理垃圾，所以就把成堆的垃圾、生活用具、壞掉的車子和玩具等等，隨意散落在他們的住家四周。這也是相當常見的街景一隅。

在很多方面來說，偏鄉跟都市的生活條件比較起來，的確是不方便許多。以現實層面而言，實際的生活、家庭、經濟狀況，樣樣都會佔去不少時間。並不是所有家庭都能每每在需要之際，花上一個小時來丟好垃圾。但也有人是「能做，但我就是不想做」。沒有垃圾車的時候，他們便會選擇最為便捷的方式。政府真的應該針對山間社區提供更多的收垃圾選項。

我在這裡所訴說一切其實大家都了然於心，卻鮮少被提起。大部分在山林間那些路旁和河邊的垃圾並非來自登山客或是瀑布遊客。那些垃圾來自於那些從未抵達掩埋場的一般人類消耗結果。住在山間那些人們也不願見到如此景象。但這就是現實狀況。

這也是為什麼當我看到像是「殺風景！苦花潭遍地遊客垃圾 部落擬封閉」這樣的標題時，總會不由自主地翻個大白眼。沒錯，遊客不應該留下任何垃圾，但在不到百米之外，就有個在森林深處的家庭垃圾集散地。幾乎到哪兒都有垃圾。

如果大家有興趣前往探勘現場狀況的話，以下提供三個例子：
(大型): 24.035258, 121.170819
(大型): 24.6080971,121.2830025
(小型): 22.705481, 120.669413

面對這樣的狀況，針對個人的罰鍰並沒有太大幫助。大家平時在生活裏已經有夠多的煩惱了，否則也不會這樣處理事情。就是把收垃圾這件事情弄得再簡單一些就能幫上很大的忙了。山區的垃圾廢棄必須得簡單又方便，如同城市裡所提供的一樣。

最後還是要呼籲大家，因為疫情影響，人民改為國內旅遊，這是一件好事，多了親山近水的機會，也增加露營野餐烤肉樂趣，讓朋友家人感情更融洽!但是大家在拜訪大自然的同時，更需要以身作則，帶來多少食物垃圾，也請一件不留帶走。野生動物不需要被人類餵食，牠們喜歡自己自食其力，所以不用擔心動物會餓，而故意留下吃剩食物殘渣。揮揮衣袖，請帶走全部垃圾，包含烤肉架，野生動物不需要自己烤肉啦~

還有，大家不要再報復性集中旅遊啦~明明台灣美景青山綠水多到數不清，要記得分散人流，防疫新生活還是要落實，真的不知道去哪裡玩嗎?歡迎大家逛逛我的部落格，我製作了全台300多個景點地圖，可以選偏僻冷門的景點去唷~

One of the most common criticisms I see raised against nature goers and people who post 秘境 online is that visitors bring a lot of trash with them. If these areas have a lot of visitors, the result will be that there is a lot of trash. Nature-lovers are the problem. We can’t open up the wilderness to the general public, because they are irresponsible, and will trash the place. But is that really true? Are tourists the main driver of plastic waste in rivers and mountains? Let’s examine this issue a bit further and try to determine why some waste ends up in the rivers instead of landfills and public waste processing centers.

Unfortunately, some of immature tourists go into nature and leave their trash there. If you visit any popular waterfall or hot spring, chances are you will see some trash there too.

Tourists tend to make two false assumptions. One is that camping trash is burnable. It’s not. Your trash should be separated into waste and recyclables, just like you do at home, and taken out with you. None of your trash should go in the campfire.

The other is that food degrades quickly. It doesn’t. Vegetables and processed foods can months, orange peels, egg shells, bones can take years. If you toss noodles or cabbage into the river, it won’t be eaten by fish. It will stay there for weeks and months and rot and smell. Even if fish and animals did eat your garbage, it’s not your job to feed the wildlife. Viable food seeds end up as invasive species and strange foods make animals sick or die. All excess food should be taken out with you. No exceptions.

Even worse are cigarette butts. Why do smokers not think these toxic bits of plastic and chemicals are trash? This is unacceptable.

As infuriating as this is though, it’s not the biggest source of mountain garbage. There are serious systemic problems relating to garbage collection and disposal that need to be addressed.

This video shows a large trash pile at Hulugu Waterfall in Kaohsiung City, Liugui District. The terrain here is very steep. Any trash thrown into the forest will roll down the hill. When it rains, the lighter plastic products will be washed into the river and flow downstream, into the waterfalls you play at, and eventually to the ocean, and eventually onto a remote beach somewhere.

However, a closer look at the piles shows that this can be misleading: at first glance, it looks like a few styrofoam tea cups and items that people might bring on an outing with them. But as we look closer at the waste, we can see there are buckets, plastic farm sheeting, pesticide bottles, furniture, and general household waste. Items that no hiker would ever bring with them. This waste originated in the mountains, by people who live in the mountains. It was not brought by outsiders.

Neither is this a rare or isolated incident. If you stop at literally any section of mountain road and look over the edge you will see entire trash bags down below you. These are household trash bags that were packed and tied shut at home, then thrown out of the window of moving vehicles. It’s household trash, from houses, not campers, and critical examination of this waste would reveal the source through mail and other documents inside.

Even if it’s only a small percentage of the mountain population, they still have a big impact. Illegal trash dumps in the mountains have an even bigger impact. For whatever reason it is, some mountain dwellers prefer to throw their household waste into the river than dispose of it properly. This is not a stray bag here and there. The average 4 person household generates 1600KG of trash per year in Taiwan. That’s a lot of trash.

Because a single family can generate so much garbage, it’s difficult to tell how widespread this practice is. I’ve seen hundreds of trash bags in the forest by the side of the road. Possibly thousands. But if this is by dozens of families or hundreds of families I can’t say. Plastic lasts for generations.

If you visit rural communities and dispose of your trash in their trash can, there is a possibility that the private trucks they hired to pick up those waste from the restaurant or minsu aren’t taking it to an EPA landfill. Instead of delivering the trash to the final destination, they find an isolated spot nearby and just dump the garbage there. It may end up in one of these dumping sites instead. The mountains are full of them. Some of what you will see in a river is washed down from these illegal landfills.

In many places, entire truckloads of trash are dumped over the side of the roads and into the river below. This isn’t just household waste and furniture, but also construction, farming, and industrial waste too. This type of waste is not something that tourists bring into the mountains. Whoever was in charge of disposing of this waste properly decided to dump it into the forest instead. The government needs to develop a method of confirming that mountain waste reaches its intended destination.

Every year typhoons carry tons of this trash away to the ocean, but the trash piles never go away, because new trucks arrive to refill them.

I used to make videos about them before I became desensitized, but now I just pretend I didn’t see them.

I do understand why some rural household waste doesn’t make it to the correct locations though. I’m from a rural area myself. I didn’t have a trash service where I grew up. We composted food waste. It was dumped into piles far away from the house. We covered them with leaves and let them sit for two years before using it for soil in the garden. Trash and recyclables were separated into different bags. Once a week my dad drove these bags 20 minutes into town to the county dump and recycling center. It was a lot of effort, but recycling and proper waste disposal were very important to my dad, and we also had the resources to do it.

Not everyone on my street did though. Some families did not have the time and resources for proper waste disposal, and so they had piles of trash, appliances, broken down cars, broken toys, etc around their property. It was a very common sight.

In many ways, country living isn’t as easy and convenient as living in the city. Sometimes real life, family, and financial problems take up all your time. Not all families can spend an hour each time they want to take out the trash. Some people can, but just don’t want to. When trash trucks are not available, they will take the most convenient option. The government needs to increase trash pickup options for mountain communities.

What I’ve written here is well known, but not often talked about. Most of the roadside and riverside trash in the mountains isn’t from hikers and waterfall goers. It’s from normal human consumption that never makes it to a landfill. People who live in the mountains don’t like it either. But that’s what it’s like.

That’s why when I see headlines like (殺風景！苦花潭遍地遊客垃圾 部落擬封閉), I can’t help but roll my eyes. Tourists shouldn’t be leaving trash there, but there is also a household forest trash dump less than 100 meters away. There’s trash almost everywhere.

Here are a few examples if you wanna go check em out yourself:
(big): 24.035258, 121.170819
(big): 24.6080971,121.2830025
(small): 22.705481, 120.669413

Fines to individuals won’t help. People have enough problems, otherwise they wouldn’t act this way. Just make it easier to take the trash away. Trash disposal needs to be easy and convenient for mountain communities, just like it is for urban communities.

Finally, I still want to appeal to everyone. Because of the impact of the epidemic, the people have changed to domestic tourism. This is a good thing. There are more opportunities to get close to the mountains and rivers. It also increases the fun of camping and picnic barbecues, so that friends and family can feel more harmonious! But everyone is visiting nature At the same time, it is more necessary to set an example, and please don’t leave any food waste with you. Wild animals do not need to be fed by humans. They like to support themselves, so there is no need to worry that the animals will be hungry and intentionally leave leftover food residue. Flick your sleeves, please take away all the garbage, including the barbecue grill, wild animals don’t need to barbecue by themselves~

It’s clear that Taiwan’s beautiful scenery, green mountains and green waters are countless, remember to disperse the flow of people, and the new life of epidemic prevention still needs to be implemented. Do you really know where to go? Welcome everyone to visit me In my blog, I have made maps of more than 300 scenic spots in Taiwan. You can choose remote and unpopular scenic spots to go to

原文臉書無法分享，以下感謝Karrie Hs 的分享與她的友人所翻譯的文章。文長但重要必看😷
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勞里·加勒特（Laurie Garrett）是美國著名女記者，是獲得皮博迪獎（The Peabody Award）、喬治 · 伯克獎（George Polk Award）和普利茲獎（Pulitzer Award）三大著名新聞獎的第一人。現為美國對外關係委員會全球衛生高級研究員。

她曾對艾博拉、SARS 等大型傳染病和公共健康危機都做過實地考察與深度研究，出版了《失信：全球公共衛生事業之癱瘓》《流行天下！傳染病的世界》《逼近的瘟疫》等多部關於傳染病與公共衛生的著作。

對於這一次的2019-nCoV病毒帶來的恐慌，她撰文講述了自己面對傳染病的經驗與知識，以及10個在疫情期間保護自己的預防措施，大家應該看一看。

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01.
When you leave your home, wear gloves—winter mittens or outdoor gloves—and keep them on in subways, buses, and public spaces.
出門離家時，戴上手套——冬天的手套或是戶外手套都可以——任何公共場合包括地鐵，公車或公共場所都不要脫下來。

02.
If you are in a social situation where you should remove your gloves, perhaps to shake hands or dine, do not touch your face or eyes, no matter how much something itches. Keep your hands away from contact with your face. And before you put your gloves back on, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and warm water, scrubbing the fingers. Put your gloves on.
在某些需要脫下手套的社交場合，比如握手和吃飯時，不要用手接觸你的臉或眼睛，不管有多癢都不要讓你的手接觸你的臉。在戴回手套前，用溫水和肥皂仔細洗手，好好搓洗手指，再戴上手套。

03.
Change gloves daily, washing them thoroughly, and avoid wearing damp gloves.
每天更換手套，仔細清洗。不要戴潮濕的手套。

04.
Masks are useless when worn outdoors and may not be very helpful even indoors. Most masks deteriorate after one or two wearings. Using the same mask day after day is worse than useless—it’s disgusting, as the contents of your mouth and nose eventually coat the inside of the mask with a smelly veneer that is attractive to bacteria. I rarely wear a face mask in an epidemic, and I have been in more than 30 outbreaks.
口罩在戶外佩戴時毫無用處，即使在室內用處也不大。大多口罩在被使用一兩次後就被污染了，重覆使用同一口罩比不戴口罩更糟糕。因為從你嘴和鼻子的呼出的物質最終會在口罩內部形成一層十分滋養細菌的，發臭的膜。在傳染病流行期間我很少戴口罩，我曾經經歷過這種狀況超過30次。

Instead, I stay away from crowds, and I keep my distance from individual people—a half meter, about 1.5 feet, is a good standard. If someone is coughing or sneezing, I ask them to put on a mask—to protect me from their potentially contaminated fluids. If they decline, I step a meter (about 3 feet) away from them, or I leave. Don’t shake hands or hug people—politely beg off, saying it’s better for both of you not to come in close contact during an epidemic.
相反，我會遠離人群，並且與個人保持距離——差不多半公尺左右是比較好的標準。要是有人咳嗽或是打噴嚏，我會請他們戴上口罩，來保護我免受潛在的有污染的液體傷害。如果他們拒絕，我會走到一公尺外的距離，或者乾脆離開。不要與人握手或擁抱，告訴對方在傳染病流行期間不要靠太近，這對彼此都好。

05.
Inside your household, remove all of the towels from your bathrooms and kitchen immediately, and replace them with clean towels that have the names of each family member on them. Instruct everybody in your home to only use their own towels and never touch another family member’s. Wash all towels twice a week. Damp towels provide terrific homes for viruses, like common colds, flus, and, yes, coronaviruses.
在家裡要馬上給浴室和廚房都換上乾淨的毛巾，讓家裡每個人都用自己的專屬毛巾，不去觸碰別人的。每週洗兩次毛巾。濕毛巾會為病毒滋生提供溫床，例如普通感冒，流感，以及冠狀病毒。

06.
Be careful with doorknobs. If it’s possible to open and close doors using your elbows or shoulders, do so. Wear gloves to turn a doorknob—or wash your hands after touching it. If anybody in your home takes sick, wash your doorknobs regularly. Similarly, be cautious with stairway banisters, desktops, cell phones, toys, laptops—any objects that are hand-held.
小心門把手，最好用肘部或肩膀去開關門。戴手套去擰門把手，或者在觸摸了門把手後去洗手。如果家裡有病人，定期清潔門把手。同樣，對待樓梯扶手，桌面，手機，玩具，筆記本電腦等任何手持物體都要小心謹慎。

As long as you handle only your own personal objects, you will be ok—but if you need to pick up someone else’s cell phone or cooking tools or use someone else’s computer keyboard, be mindful of not touching your face and wash your hands immediately after touching the object.
只要你只接觸自己的私人物品，就沒什麼問題。但是，如果你需要使用別人的手機，廚具或電腦鍵盤，請注意不要觸摸臉部，並在觸摸物體後立即去洗手。

07.
If you share meals, do not use your personal chopsticks and utensils to remove food from a serving bowl or plate and, of course, tell your children to never drink out of anybody else’s cups or from a container of shared fluid. Place serving spoons in each dish and instruct everybody at the table to scoop what they want from the serving dishes onto their personal plates or bowls, return the serving spoon to the main dish, and then use their personal chopsticks only to pick food from their personal plate or bowl into their mouth.
吃飯時，不要用你自己的筷子和餐具去公碗和盤子裡夾菜。也要告訴你的孩子不要喝別人杯子或者容器里的水。在席上讓每個人使用公勺將盤子里的菜夾到自己的盤子或者碗里，然後將公勺放回公盤，然後用自己的筷子將自己盤子或者碗里的食物送進嘴裡。

Wash all food and kitchenware thoroughly between meals and avoid restaurants that have poor hygiene practices.
飯前仔細清洗食物，飯後仔細清洗餐具，不要去衛生條件不好的餐館用餐。

08.
Absolutely do not buy, slaughter, or consume any live animal or fish until it is known what species was the source of the virus.
在病毒傳播源被發現之前，絕對不要購買，屠宰，或是食用任何生鮮動物和魚類。

09.
When the weather allows, open your windows at home or work, letting your space air out. The virus cannot linger in a well-ventilated space. But of course, if it is cold or the weather is inclement, keep warm and close those windows.
天氣條件允許的情況下，打開家裡或辦公室的窗戶，讓室內空氣流通，病毒無法在通風條件良好的空間裡停留。當然，如果天氣嚴寒，就關窗保暖。

10.
Finally, if you are caring for a friend or family member who is running a fever, always wear a tight-fitting mask when you are near them, and place one on the ailing person (unless they are nauseated).
最後，如果你在照顧得病的朋友或家人，在靠近他們時，一定要時刻佩戴與面部緊貼的口罩，並給他們也戴上（除非他們感到噁心）。

When you replace an old, dirty mask from the face of your friend or loved one be very, very careful—assume, for the sake of your protection, that it is covered in viruses, and handle it while wearing latex gloves, place it inside of a disposable container, seal it, and then put it in the trash. While wearing those latex gloves, gently wash the patient’s face with warm soap and water, using a disposable paper towel or cotton swab, and seal it after use in a container or plastic bag before placing it in your household trash.
當你幫忙從朋友或親人的臉上摘除使用過的臟口罩時，請務必要非常小心——為了保護自己，你必須假設該口罩已被病毒覆蓋，戴上乳膠手套去進行處理，將其放進可丟棄的包裝袋內，密封好，然後再丟進垃圾桶。戴上乳膠手套為患者用紙巾和棉球輕輕地用肥皂和溫水清洗患者的面部，並在使用後將其密封好裝入包裝袋或塑料袋中，然後再丟進家裡的垃圾箱。

Wear long-sleeved shirts and clothing that covers your body when you are caring for your ailing friend or relative. Clean everything your patient wears or touches very thoroughly in hot soapy water, including sheets, towels, and utensils.
在照顧生病的朋友或家人時，要穿上能包裹全身的長袖衣物。用熱肥皂水徹底清洗患者所穿過的衣物和接觸的所有物品，包括床單，毛巾和器皿。

If you have space, isolate the sick person in your household in a room, or a corner of a room, where they are comfortable, but separated from the rest of the household. If the weather is tolerable, open a window that is on the opposite side of the room, so that air gently blows past the patient’s face and then outdoors. Of course, don’t do this if it is very cold, as your friend or loved one will be made sicker if uncomfortably cold.
如果你家裡有足夠的空間，為病人隔離出一個房間或房間的一角，讓他們感到舒適的同時又與家庭中的其他人分開。如果天氣適宜，打開房間另一側的窗戶，這樣空氣能輕輕吹過患者的面部後，流動吹到室外。當然，如果天氣很冷就不要這樣做，因為你的朋友和家人可能會因寒冷而病情加重。

The Chinese government will take very drastic actions over the next few weeks, and this will be a time of hardship for the Chinese people. But with these simple precautions, if taken by everybody in your household, building, office, and school, you will dramatically reduce the spread of the virus and bring the outbreak to its knees. Be safe. Do not panic.
中國政府將在接下來的幾週內採取更嚴厲的措施，這對中國人民來說將是一個艱難的時期。但是，有了這些簡單的預防措施，只要大家在家裡，建築物裡，辦公室和學校裡都採取這些簡單的預防措施。就能大大減少該病毒的傳播風險，並遏制疫情爆發。

Take commonsense precautions. As frightening as this time is, you will get through it.
注意安全。不要驚慌。採取一些常識性的預防措施。眼下的狀況雖然可怕，但你一定會渡過難關。

［轉發自 @台美親子共讀館］
P認為此文算是非常中立理性。但是作者是美國人，冬天也剛好很冷需要手套保暖同時防疫。關於戴手套P認為勤洗手、不到處亂摸也許防範更好，不過也要看自身所處環境調整。

在急著加入這場「口罩大戰」之前，不妨也參考此文，評估自己所處環境。

分享這篇文章，撰文者Laurie Garrett：

Laurie Garrett is a former senior fellow for global health at the Council on Foreign Relations and a Pulitzer Prize winning science writer.

原文：

https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/01/25/wuhan-coronavirus-safety-china/

翻譯稿：

https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/01/26/新冠病毒来袭：如何自我防护/

01.

When you leave your home, wear gloves—winter mittens or outdoor gloves—and keep them on in subways, buses, and public spaces.

出門離家時，戴上手套——冬天的手套或是戶外手套都可以——任何公共場合包括地鐵，公交都不要脫下來。

02.

If you are in a social situation where you should remove your gloves, perhaps to shake hands or dine, do not touch your face or eyes, no matter how much something itches. Keep your hands away from contact with your face. And before you put your gloves back on, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and warm water, scrubbing the fingers. Put your gloves on.

在某些需要脫下手套的社交場合，比如握手和吃飯時，不要用手接觸你的臉或眼睛，不管有多癢都不要讓你的手接觸你的臉。在戴回手套前，用溫水和肥皂仔細洗手，好好搓洗手指，再戴上手套。

03.

Change gloves daily, washing them thoroughly, and avoid wearing damp gloves.

每天更換手套，仔細清洗。不要戴潮濕的手套。

04.

Masks are useless when worn outdoors and may not be very helpful even indoors. Most masks deteriorate after one or two wearings. Using the same mask day after day is worse than useless—it’s disgusting, as the contents of your mouth and nose eventually coat the inside of the mask with a smelly veneer that is attractive to bacteria. I rarely wear a face mask in an epidemic, and I have been in more than 30 outbreaks.

口罩在戶外佩戴時毫無用處，即使在室內用處也不大。大多口罩在被使用一兩次後就被汙染了，重覆同一口罩比不戴口罩更糟糕。因為從你嘴和鼻子的呼出的物質最終會在口罩內部形成一層十分滋養細菌的，發臭的膜。在傳染病流行期間我很少戴口罩，我曾經經歷過這種狀況超過30次。

Instead, I stay away from crowds, and I keep my distance from individual people—a half meter, about 1.5 feet, is a good standard. If someone is coughing or sneezing, I ask them to put on a mask—to protect me from their potentially contaminated fluids. If they decline, I step a meter (about 3 feet) away from them, or I leave. Don’t shake hands or hug people—politely beg off, saying it’s better for both of you not to come in close contact during an epidemic.

相反，我會遠離人群，並且與個人保持距離——差不多半米左右是比較好的標準。要是有人咳嗽或是打噴嚏，我會請他們戴上口罩，來保護我免受潛在的有汙染的液體傷害。如果他們拒絕，我會走到一米的距離之外，或者幹脆離開。不要與人握手或擁抱，告訴對方在傳染病流行期間不要靠太近，這對彼此都好。

05.

Inside your household, remove all of the towels from your bathrooms and kitchen immediately, and replace them with clean towels that have the names of each family member on them. Instruct everybody in your home to only use their own towels and never touch another family member’s. Wash all towels twice a week. Damp towels provide terrific homes for viruses, like common colds, flus, and, yes, coronaviruses.

在家裏要馬上給浴室和廚房都換上幹凈的毛巾，讓家裏每個人都用自己的專屬毛巾，不去觸碰別人的。每周洗兩次毛巾。濕毛巾會為病毒滋生提供溫床，例如普通感冒，流感，以及冠狀病毒。

06.

Be careful with doorknobs. If it’s possible to open and close doors using your elbows or shoulders, do so. Wear gloves to turn a doorknob—or wash your hands after touching it. If anybody in your home takes sick, wash your doorknobs regularly. Similarly, be cautious with stairway banisters, desktops, cell phones, toys, laptops—any objects that are hand-held.

小心門把手，最好用肘部或肩膀去開關門。戴手套去擰門把手，或者在觸摸了門把手後去洗手。如果家裏有病人，定期清潔門把手。同樣，對待樓梯扶手，桌面，手機，玩具，筆記本電腦等任何手持物體都要小心謹慎。

As long as you handle only your own personal objects, you will be ok—but if you need to pick up someone else’s cell phone or cooking tools or use someone else’s computer keyboard, be mindful of not touching your face and wash your hands immediately after touching the object.

只要你只接觸自己的私人物品，就沒什麽問題。但是，如果你需要使用別人的手機，廚具或電腦鍵盤，請註意不要觸摸臉部，並在觸摸物體後立即去洗手。

07.

If you share meals, do not use your personal chopsticks and utensils to remove food from a serving bowl or plate and, of course, tell your children to never drink out of anybody else’s cups or from a container of shared fluid. Place serving spoons in each dish and instruct everybody at the table to scoop what they want from the serving dishes onto their personal plates or bowls, return the serving spoon to the main dish, and then use their personal chopsticks only to pick food from their personal plate or bowl into their mouth.

吃飯時，不要用你自己的筷子和餐具去公碗和盤子裏夾菜。也要告訴你的孩子不要喝別人杯子或者容器裏的水。在席上讓每個人使用公勺將盤子裏的菜夾到自己的盤子或者碗裏，然後將公勺放回公盤，然後用自己的筷子將自己盤子或者碗裏的食物送進嘴裏。

Wash all food and kitchenware thoroughly between meals and avoid restaurants that have poor hygiene practices.

飯前仔細清洗食物，飯後仔細清洗餐具，不要去衛生條件不好的餐館用餐。

08.

Absolutely do not buy, slaughter, or consume any live animal or fish until it is known what species was the source of the virus.

在病毒傳播源被發現之前，絕對不要購買，屠宰，或是食用任何生鮮動物和魚類。

09.

When the weather allows, open your windows at home or work, letting your space air out. The virus cannot linger in a well-ventilated space. But of course, if it is cold or the weather is inclement, keep warm and close those windows.

天氣條件允許的情況下，打開家裏或辦公室的窗戶，讓室內空氣流通，病毒無法在通風條件良好的空間裏停留。當然，如果天氣嚴寒，就關窗保暖。

10.

Finally, if you are caring for a friend or family member who is running a fever, always wear a tight-fitting mask when you are near them, and place one on the ailing person (unless they are nauseated).

最後，如果你在照顧得病的朋友或家人，在靠近他們時，一定要時刻佩戴與面部緊貼的口罩，並給他們也戴上（除非他們感到噁心)。

When you replace an old, dirty mask from the face of your friend or loved one be very, very careful—assume, for the sake of your protection, that it is covered in viruses, and handle it while wearing latex gloves, place it inside of a disposable container, seal it, and then put it in the trash. While wearing those latex gloves, gently wash the patient’s face with warm soap and water, using a disposable paper towel or cotton swab, and seal it after use in a container or plastic bag before placing it in your household trash.

當你幫忙從朋友或親人的臉上摘除使用過的臟口罩時，請務必要非常小心——為了保護自己，你必須假設該口罩已被病毒覆蓋，戴上乳膠手套去進行處理，將其放進可丟棄的包裝袋內，密封好，然後再丟進垃圾桶。戴上乳膠手套為患者用紙巾和棉球輕輕地用肥皂和溫水清洗患者的面部，並在使用後將其密封好裝入包裝袋或塑料袋中，然後再丟進家裏的垃圾箱。

Wear long-sleeved shirts and clothing that covers your body when you are caring for your ailing friend or relative. Clean everything your patient wears or touches very thoroughly in hot soapy water, including sheets, towels, and utensils.

在照顧生病的朋友或家人時，要穿上能包裹全身的長袖衣物。用熱肥皂水徹底清洗患者所穿過的衣物和接觸的所有物品，包括床單，毛巾和器皿。

If you have space, isolate the sick person in your household in a room, or a corner of a room, where they are comfortable, but separated from the rest of the household. If the weather is tolerable, open a window that is on the opposite side of the room, so that air gently blows past the patient’s face and then outdoors. Of course, don’t do this if it is very cold, as your friend or loved one will be made sicker if uncomfortably cold.

如果你家裏有足夠的空間，為病人隔離出一個房間或房間的一角，讓他們感到舒適的同時又與家庭中的其他人分開。如果天氣適宜，打開房間另一側的窗戶，這樣空氣能輕輕吹過患者的面部後，流動吹到室外。當然，如果天氣很冷就不要這樣做，因為你的朋友和家人可能會因寒冷而病情加重。

The Chinese government will take very drastic actions over the next few weeks, and this will be a time of hardship for the Chinese people. But with these simple precautions, if taken by everybody in your household, building, office, and school, you will dramatically reduce the spread of the virus and bring the outbreak to its knees. Be safe. Do not panic.

中國政府將在接下來的幾周內采取更嚴厲的措施，這對中國人民來說將是一個艱難的時期。但是，有了這些簡單的預防措施，只要大家在家裏，建築物裏，辦公室和學校裏都采取這些簡單的預防措施。就能大大減少該病毒的傳播風險，並遏制疫情爆發。

Take commonsense precautions. As frightening as this time is, you will get through it.

註意安全。不要驚慌。采取一些常識性的預防措施。眼下的狀況雖然可怕，但你一定會渡過難關。

#防疫專區