🇩🇰 這是一篇深度報導,來自歐洲現存最古老的報紙:丹麥Weekendavisen,題目是從香港抗爭運動、香港聯繫加泰羅尼亞的集會,前瞻全球大城市的「永久革命」。一篇報導訪問了世界各地大量學者,我也在其中,雖然只是每人一句,加在一起,卻有了很完整的圖像。
以下為英譯:
Protest! The demonstrations in Hong Kong were just the beginning. Now there are unrest in big cities from Baghdad to Barcelona. Perhaps the stage is set for something that could look like a permanent revolution in the world's big cities.
A world on the barricades
At the end of October, an hour after dark, a group of young protesters gathered at the Chater Garden Park in Hong Kong. Some of them wore large red and yellow flags. The talk began and the applause filled the warm evening air. There were slogans of independence, and demands of self-determination - from Spain. For the protest was in sympathy with the Catalan independence movement.
At the same time, a group of Catalan protesters staged a protest in front of the Chinese Consulate in Barcelona in favor of Hong Kong's hope for more democracy. The message was not to be mistaken: We are in the same boat. Or, as Joshua Wong, one of the leading members of the Hong Kong protest movement, told the Catalan news agency: "The people of Hong Kong and Catalonia both deserve the right to decide their own destiny."
For much of 2019, Hong Kong's streets have been ravaged by fierce protests and a growing desperation on both sides, with escalating violence and vandalism ensuing. But what, do observers ask, if Hong Kong is not just a Chinese crisis, but a warning of anger that is about to break out globally?
Each week brings new turmoil from an unexpected edge. In recent days, attention has focused on Chile. Here, more than 20 people have lost their lives in unrest, which has mainly been about unequal distribution of economic goods. Before then, the unrest has hit places as diverse as Lebanon and the Czech Republic, Bolivia and Algeria, Russia and Sudan.
With such a geographical spread, it is difficult to bring the protests to any sort of common denominator, but they all reflect a form of powerlessness so acute that traditional ways of speaking do not seem adequate.
Hardy Merriman, head of research at the International Center for Nonviolent Conflict in Washington, is not in doubt that it is a real wave of protest and that we have not seen the ending yet.
"I have been researching non-violent resistance for 17 years, and to me it is obvious that there are far more popular protest movements now than before. Often the protests have roots in the way political systems work. Elsewhere, it is about welfare and economic inequality or both. The two sets of factors are often related, ”he says.
Economic powerlessness
Hong Kong is a good example of this. The desire among the majority of Hong Kong's seven million residents to maintain an independent political identity vis-à-vis the People's Republic of China is well known, but the resentment of the streets is also fueled by a sense of economic powerlessness. Hong Kong is one of the most unequal communities in the world, and especially the uneven access to the real estate market is causing a stir.
According to Lee Chun-wing, a sociologist at Hong Kong Polytechnic University, the turmoil in the city is not just facing Beijing, but also expressing a daunting showdown with the neoliberal economy, which should diminish the state's role and give the market more influence, but in its real form often ends with the brutal arbitrariness of jungle law.
'The many protests show that neoliberalism is unable to instill hope in many. And as one of the world's most neoliberal cities, Hong Kong is no exception. While the protests here are, of course, primarily political, there is no doubt that social polarization and economic inequality make many young people not afraid to participate in more radical protests and do not care whether they are accused of damage economic growth, 'he says.
The turmoil is now so extensive that it can no longer be dismissed as a coincidence. Something special and significant is happening. As UN Secretary General António Guterres put it last week, it would be wrong to stare blindly at the superficial differences between the factors that get people on the streets.
“There are also common features that are recurring across the continents and should force us to reflect and respond. It is clear that there is growing distrust between the people and the political elites and growing threats to the social contract. The world is struggling with the negative consequences of globalization and the new technologies that have led to growing inequality in individual societies, "he told reporters in New York.
Triggered by trifles
In many cases, the riots have been triggered by questions that may appear almost trivial on the surface. In Chile, there was an increase in the price of the capital's subway equivalent to 30 Danish cents, while in Lebanon there were reports of a tax on certain services on the Internet. In both places, it was just the reason why the people have been able to express a far more fundamental dissatisfaction.
In a broad sense, there are two situations where a population is rebelling, says Paul Almeida, who teaches sociology at the University of California, Merced. The first is when more opportunities suddenly open up and conditions get better. People are getting hungry for more and trying to pressure their politicians to give even more concessions.
“But then there is also the mobilization that takes place when people get worse. That seems to be the overall theme of the current protests, even in Hong Kong. People are concerned about various kinds of threats they face. It may be the threat of inferior economic conditions, or it may be a more political threat of erosion of rights. But the question is why it is happening right now. That's the 10,000-kroner issue, ”says Almeida.
Almeida, who has just published the book Social Movements: The Structure of Social Mobilization, even gives a possible answer. A growing authoritarian, anti-democratic flow has spread across the continents and united rulers in all countries, and among others it is the one that has now triggered a reaction in the peoples.
“There is a tendency for more use of force by the state power. If we look at the death toll in Latin America, they are high considering that the countries are democracies. This kind of violence is not usually expected in democratic regimes in connection with protests. It is an interesting trend and may be related to the authoritarian flow that is underway worldwide. It's worth watching, 'he says.
The authoritarian wave
Politologists Anna Lürhmann and Staffan Lindberg from the University of Gothenburg describe in a paper published earlier this year a "third autocratic wave." Unlike previous waves, for example, in the years before World War II, when democracy was beaten under great external drama , the new wave is characterized by creeping. It happens little by little - in countries like Turkey, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Hungary and Russia - at such a slow pace that you barely notice it.
Even old-fashioned autocrats nowadays understand the language of democracy - the only acceptable lingua franca in politics - and so the popular reaction does not happen very often when it becomes clear at once that the electoral process itself is not sufficient to secure democratic conditions. Against this backdrop, Kenneth Chan, a politician at Hong Kong Baptist University, sees the recent worldwide wave of unrest as an expression of the legitimacy crisis of the democratic regimes.
“People have become more likely to take the initiative and take part in direct actions because they feel that they have not made the changes they had hoped for through the elections. In fact, the leaders elected by the peoples are perceived as undermining the institutional guarantees of citizens' security, freedom, welfare and rights. As a result, over the past decade, we have seen more democracies reduced to semi-democracies, hybrid regimes and authoritarian regimes, ”he says.
"Therefore, we should also not be surprised by the new wave of resistance from the people. On the surface, the spark may be a relatively innocent or inconsiderate decision by the leadership, but people's anger quickly turns to what they see as the cause of the democratic deroute, that is, an arrogant and selfish leadership, a weakened democratic control, a dysfunctional civil society. who are no longer able to speak on behalf of the people. ”The world is changing. Anthony Ince, a cardiff at Cardiff University who has researched urban urban unrest, sees the uprisings as the culmination of long-term nagging discontent and an almost revolutionary situation where new can arise.
"The wider context is that the dominant world order - the global neoliberalism that has dominated since the 1980s - is under pressure from a number of sides, creating both uncertainty and at the same time the possibility of change. People may feel that we are in a period of uncertainty, confusion, anxiety, but perhaps also hope, ”he says.
Learning from each other.
Apart from mutual assurances of solidarity the protest movements in between, there does not appear to be any kind of coordination. But it may not be necessary either. In a time of social media, learning from each other's practices is easy, says Simon Shen, a University of Hong Kong political scientist.
“They learn from each other at the tactical level. Protesters in Hong Kong have seen what happened in Ukraine through YouTube, and now protesters in Catalonia and Lebanon are taking lessons from Hong Kong. It's reminiscent of 1968, when baby boomers around the globe were inspired by an alternative ideology to break down rigid hierarchies, 'he says.
But just as the protest movements can learn from each other, the same goes for their opponents. According to Harvard political scientist Erica Chenoweth, Russia has been particularly active in trying to establish cooperation with other authoritarian regimes, which feel threatened by riots in the style of the "color revolutions" on the periphery of the old Soviet empire at the turn of the century.
"It has resulted in joint efforts between Russian, Chinese, Iranian, Venezuelan, Belarusian, Syrian and other national authorities to develop, systematize and report on techniques and practices that have proved useful in trying to contain such threats," writes Chenoweth in an article in the journal Global Responsibility to Protect.
Max Fisher and Amanda Taub, commentators at the New York Times, point to the social media as a double-edged sword. Not only are Twitter and Facebook powerful weapons in the hands of tech-savvy autocrats. They are also of questionable value to the protesting grass roots. With WhatsApp and other new technologies, it is possible to mobilize large numbers of interested and almost-interested participants in collective action. But they quickly fall apart again.
The volatile affiliation is one of the reasons why, according to a recent survey, politically motivated protests today only succeed in reaching their targets in 30 percent of cases. A generation ago, the success rate was 70 percent. Therefore, unrest often recurs every few years, and they last longer, as Hong Kong is an example of. Perhaps the scene is set for something that might resemble a permanent revolution in the world's big cities - a kind of background noise that other residents will eventually just get used to.
"Since there is still no obvious alternative to neoliberalism, the polarization that led to the protests initially will probably continue to apply," says Lee of Hong Kong Polytechnic University. "At the same time, this means that the anger and frustration will continue to rumble in society."
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turkey population 在 Alvin Chong 鍾瑾樺 Facebook 的最佳解答
Love all God’s creation.
During my visit to Turkey I have noticed a lot of street dogs just chilling on the roads or next to people in the parks in a peaceful way not running around or barking, so as soon as I got close to them I found a tag on the dog’s ears and I have noticed the same tag on most of the street dogs in Istanbul.
After I have asked some people about that tag and searched it online, it turned out that the government had a team to search for street dogs and take them to special places where they give them a shower and vaccinate them and give them a name which is attached with that tag and let them free wonder the streets safely. The tag also has a small gps for the team to locate that dog to vaccinate it regularly.
This is the contribution of a government that has a population of 80 million to the animals and the creations of Allah.
Please stop the killing, it’s very shameful.
We can solve this by making an organization that vaccinates and cleans the street dogs.
I’m sure it’s possible to do this with donations from the people who are against the killings.
turkey population 在 多益達人 林立英文 Facebook 的最讚貼文
【時事英文】
Why Japan Celebrates Christmas with KFC?
為何日本人聖誕節一定要吃肯德基?
Every Christmas, Ryohei Ando gathers his family together for a holiday tradition. Just like their father did as a child, his two children will reach deep into a red-and-white bucket and pick out the best piece of fried chicken they can find.
每年聖誕節,安藤量平都會找他的家人一起來按照傳統方式慶祝。就像安藤先生年幼時所做過的事情一樣,他的兩個孩子們會將小手伸入紅色與白色相間的紙桶內取出他們所能找到最美味部位的炸雞。
Yes, it’s a Merry KFC Christmas for the Ando family. It may seem odd anywhere outside Japan, but Ando’s family and millions of others would never let a Christmas go by without Kentucky Fried Chicken. Every Christmas season an estimated 3.6 million Japanese families treat themselves to fried chicken from the American fast-food chain, in what has become a nationwide tradition.
是的,這又是安藤一家的快樂肯德基聖誕節。或許這種慶祝方式在日本以外的地方看起來都是相當的怪異,可是安藤家及其他數百萬的日本家庭都會以享受肯德基炸雞的方式來度過聖誕佳節。每次聖誕檔期,估計都有三百六十萬戶日本家庭會從肯德基取走訂購的炸雞餐點並享用,這早已是舉國皆然的傳統了。
“My kids, they think it’s natural,” says Ando, a 40-year-old in the marketing department of a Tokyo sporting goods company.
年方四十,且任職於東京的一家體育用品公司行銷部門的安藤說:「我的小孩們認為這(聖誕節吃肯德基炸雞慶祝)是一件很自然的事情。」。
While millions do celebrate Christmas with KFC, others in Japan treat it as a romantic holiday similar to Valentine’s Day, and couples mark the occasion with dinner in upscale restaurants. For other Japanese families, Christmas is acknowledged but not celebrated in any particular way.
儘管在日本有數百萬家庭用肯德基來慶祝聖誕節,其他的人們卻將這個節日視作和西洋情人節類似的一個浪漫日子,所以情侶們會以在高檔餐廳享用耶誕大餐來為這個特別時刻留下紀念。至於對其他的日本家庭來說,他們認同聖誕節的存在,卻不會用任何特別的方式來慶祝這一天。
But for those who do partake, it’s not as simple as walking in and ordering. December is a busy month for KFC in Japan – daily sales at some restaurants during the Christmas period can be 10 times their usual take. Getting the KFC special Christmas dinner often requires ordering it weeks in advance, and those who didn’t will wait in line, sometimes for hours.
不過對於那些確實會參與這麼一個特別日子的人們來說,想吃肯德基卻不是一件簡單到只要走進店裡並點餐就好的事了。對位於日本的所有肯德基分店來說,十二月是他們接單接到手軟的時刻──有些分店在聖誕檔期的日銷售額可以多達平時的十倍。想要拿到肯德基耶誕特餐組合通常需要在好幾個禮拜前就開始預訂,而要是有沒預訂,想要現場排隊的人,那他們可能都得等上好幾個小時才能取餐。
The genesis of Japan’s KFC tradition is a tale of corporate promotion that any business heading to Japan ought to study, one that sounds almost like a holiday parable.
創下在日本這般盛行的肯德基傳統,可說是企業行銷的傳奇故事,且任何打算進軍日本的企業都應該加以學習,雖說這故事的由來聽起來幾乎像是種比喻。
According to KFC Japan spokeswoman Motoichi Nakatani, it started thanks to Takeshi Okawara, the manager of the first KFC in the country. Shortly after it opened in 1970, Okawara woke up at midnight and jotted down an idea that came to him in a dream: a “party barrel” to be sold on Christmas.
根據肯德基日本分公司的發言人中谷元一表示,在聖誕節吃肯德基這個點子是起自於日本第一位肯德基分公司的經理,大河原毅。在日本的第一家肯德基於1970年開幕後不久,店長大河原毅在半夜醒來並振筆疾書,寫下他夢到的一個主意:在聖誕節時賣「派對全家餐」。
Okawara dreamed up the idea after overhearing a couple of foreigners in his store talk about how they missed having turkey for Christmas, according to Nakatani. Okawara hoped a Christmas dinner of fried chicken could be a fine substitute, and so he began marketing his Party Barrel as a way to celebrate the holiday.
大河原是在聽到一對外國夫婦在店內用餐時,聊到很思念在聖誕節吃火雞的日子後才夢到該點子的。於是他期望炸雞可能是個在聖誕節晚餐桌上,取代火雞的絕佳替代品,便開始行銷起「派對全家餐」來作為慶祝聖誕節的方式。
In 1974, KFC took the marketing plan national, calling it Kurisumasu ni wa Kentakkii, or Kentucky for Christmas. It took off quickly, and so did the Harvard-educated Okawara, who climbed through the company ranks and served as president and CEO of Kentucky Fried Chicken Japan from 1984 to 2002.
肯德基在1974年起,於全日本採用這項叫做《聖誕節就是要肯德基》的行銷計畫,並很快地獲得成功,而曾於哈佛念書的大河原也從1984至2002年期間,一路從店長晉升到日本肯德基總裁兼執行長的職位。
The Party Barrel for Christmas became almost immediately a national phenomenon, says Joonas Rokka, associate professor of marketing at Emlyon Business School in France. He has studied the KFC Christmas in Japan as a model promotions campaign.
法國里昂商學院行銷學副教授羅卡表示,肯德基的聖誕節「派對全家餐」幾乎馬上成為一種風靡全國的現象。羅卡自過去就開始了解日本的聖誕節吃肯德基風潮,並將其作為推銷活動範本來研究。
“It filled a void,” Rokka says. “There was no tradition of Christmas in Japan, and so KFC came in and said, this is what you should do on Christmas.”
羅卡表示:「它填補了一種虛榮。原本日本並沒有過聖誕節的傳統,因此肯德基就適時地切入告訴日本民眾,這是你們應該在聖誕節做的事。」
Advertisements for the company’s Christmas meals show happy Japanese families crowding around barrels of fried chicken. But it’s not just breasts and thighs – the meals have morphed into special family meal-sized boxes filled with chicken, cake, and wine. This year, the company is selling Kentucky Christmas dinner packages that range from a box of chicken for 3,780 yen, ($32), up to a “premium” whole-roasted chicken and sides for 5,800 yen. According to KFC, the packages account for about a third of the chain’s yearly sales in Japan.
在肯德基的聖誕歡樂餐廣告中,我們可以看到許許多多的日本家庭都一臉歡喜的圍繞在一桶桶的炸雞餐旁等著大快朵頤一番。但是這些全家餐裡頭並非只有雞胸肉和雞腿肉──這些套餐已經轉型成特殊家庭號尺寸的盒子,裡面裝有炸雞,蛋糕,還有紅酒。今年,肯德基販售聖誕外帶全家餐的套裝組合從3,780日圓(折合32塊美金)的純炸雞基本款,到所謂「高級款」的烤全雞加配餐,要價5,800日圓。根據肯德基所述,他們在日本的聖誕檔期販售的套餐業績,足佔全年營銷的三分之一。
It also helped that the stores dressed up the company mascot, the smiling white-haired Colonel Sanders, in Santa outfits. In a country that puts high value on its elders, the red satin-suited Sanders soon became a symbol of a holiday.
當肯德基的各家分店為公司的吉祥物,也就是一頭白髮,臉上掛著微笑的桑德斯上校(肯德基爺爺)加上聖誕裝扮後,更有刺激買氣的效果。在日本這麼一個重視年長者的國家,換上一身紅色聖誕服裝的肯德基爺爺,更是馬上成為了這個節日的最佳象徵。
“KFC on Christmas. It’s one of the strangest things I’ve heard,” Gillespie says. “If you brought a bucket of fried chicken to Christmas dinner, honestly, I’d be mad at you.”
「聖誕節吃肯德基,是我所聽過最奇怪的其中一件事了」一位外國人吉列斯比這麼認為。「坦白地說,如果你在聖誕節的晚餐桌上,擺上一桶炸雞,我會對你感到大為光火。」
It isn’t a crack on KFC’s products necessarily, says Gillespie. The general idea of bringing fast food to Christmas dinner “would be viewed as rude by most anyone,” Gillespie says.
吉列斯比繼續表示,並不是說一定要對肯德基的產品這樣子的感到不滿,而是一般歐美民眾的想法都認為,要是將速食帶到聖誕晚餐的場合,「大多數的人都會認為這是一件很無禮的舉動。」
In Japan, however, where around 1% of the population is Christian, Christmas isn’t an official holiday, Rokka says. So the idea that families are going to spend all day cooking a ham or turkey and side dishes just isn’t practical. Instead, they show up with a bucket of chicken.
不過,羅卡則說,在日本,只有百分之一人口是基督徒,且聖誕節又沒放假,所以日本的家庭根本沒空在家花一整天烹製火腿、火雞,和製作配菜以供聖誕大餐。相反地,當日本民眾下班後,帶一桶炸雞回家團聚,就成為相當實際的傳統。
“This is another sign of globalisation, where consumer rituals spread to other countries and often get translated in different ways,” Rokka says. “It’s not abnormal now to have an Ikea store everywhere in the world. This KFC for Christmas is just taking our consumerism and turning it into a holiday.”
羅卡以為:「這是另一種全球化的象徵,在如此的情況下,消費者慣例被散播到其他國家去,又再被當地民眾用不同方式去加以詮釋。」他繼續表示:「當我們看到全世界都有宜家家居的分店時,已不再會感到任何怪異之處。所以在日本的肯德基,也只是利用我們的消費者主義並將其與節日的意義相結合罷了。」
Having done some travelling abroad, Ando knows that his country might is alone in celebrating Christmas with a bucket of KFC. But for him, he sees the tradition as more than just a company promotion.
在經過一些出國旅遊的歷練後,安藤了解到他的出生地,日本,可能是唯一一個會以肯德基桶餐來慶祝聖誕節的國家。但是對他來說,他把這件事情看作一項傳統,多過於只是公司的行銷手法。
For Ando, he’s still planning to get KFC for his kids this year. But he goes to a bakery for the Christmas cake. On Christmas night, the family will gather around the KFC bucket, just as Ando once did as a child, and just as his children will do in another generation.
對安藤來說,他今年的聖誕節一樣打算要買肯德基歡樂餐給他的孩子們享用。但是他也會去烘焙坊買些聖誕節蛋糕。在聖誕夜的時候,這一家人將會圍繞在肯德基炸雞桶旁,這是安藤小時候曾做過的舉動,而且也是他的孩子們,另一個世代同樣會做的事情。
“It’s kind of a symbol of family reunion,” Ando says. “It’s not about the chicken. It’s about getting the family together, and then there just happens to be chicken as part of it.”
「聖誕節吃肯德基全家餐有點像是全家團聚的一種象徵」,安藤這麼表示,「這並不是跟那些炸雞有關,而是讓一家人能夠團圓,只不過剛好炸雞是團圓場合中的一部分就是了。」
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turkey population 在 Kento Bento Youtube 的最佳解答
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[HAS MCDONALD'S CONQUERED ASIA?]
If McDonald's were a country, it's revenue would make it the 105th largest economy in the world, surpassing the GDP of Estonia, Cambodia & Afghanistan.
The number of McDonald's employees worldwide would be more than the entire population of Iceland, Barbados and Samoa.
It's a big company, but it wasn't always that way.
McDonald's was founded on May 15th, 1940 in San Bernardino, California - that's over 77 years ago - and has since expanded to a 120 countries and territories around the world, serving 68 million customers each day.
It took 27 years for the first McDonald's to appear outside of the US, and 31 years to make it's way to a second continent.
THIS continent was Asia, and in this video I'm going to take you through the next 46 years of McDonald's' Asian ascension.
So, which Asian country was the FIRST to open a McDonald's? What did McDonalds have to sacrifice in order compete with local markets? And how much of Asia is there still left to conquer, as of today?
We'll get into all of that, so grab a double cheeseburger (maybe some fries), and we'll explore every Asian country to have ever had a McDonald's.
Welcome to McAsia.
Some notable McDonald's branches in Asian countries are:
- McDonald's Japan for being the first Asian McDonald's ever.
- McDonald's Singapore for having the oldest McDonald's employee worldwide at 93 years old.
- McDonald's Malaysia for being the first McDonald's in a Muslim-majority country.
- McDonald's Turkey for being the first McDonald's in West Asia (Middle East).
- McDonald's South Korea to be the first to sell alcohol (beer).
- McDonald's Russia for having the largest McDonald's outlet in Asia in Pushkin Square, Moscow.
- McDonald's Israel for having the healthiest McDonald's in the world.
- McDonald's Saudi Arabia for oddly taking out a full page ad in a Saudi national newspaper swearing loyalty to the new crown prince.
- McDonald's India for being the first McDonald's in South Asia, as well as having the first vegetarian McDonald's in the world.
- McDonald's Pakistan for having served the Taliban at one point in time.
- McDonald's Georgia for having the chain's most exquisite outlet.
- McDonald's Iraq for only having ONE McDonald's outlet for the US Army stationed in Baghdad.
- McDonald's Kazakhstan for being the first McDonald's in Central Asia.
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turkey population 在 Travel Thirsty Youtube 的最佳貼文
Shish Kebabs, or grilled pieces of skewered meat, originated from Turkey and are popular all over the world. Different variants consists of the French brochette, Thai satay, Greek souvlaki, and Japanese yakitori.
In Xi'an, China, you'll find street stalls selling kebabs everywhere. Mutton kebabs - 羊肉串 - are especially popular (and more expensive). Goats are an important animal in Xi'an, due to the large Muslim population. There's no shortage of lamb / mutton kebabs in Xian's Muslim Quarter. To prove that the stall or restaurant is serving genuine goat meat (as opposed to relatively cheaper beef), entire goats are processed in public view. Meat is meticulously cut down to the bone from a hanging carcass with practically no wastage. Cumin and chili powder are sprinkled over the skewers as they're grilled over burning charcoals. The perfect blend between fat and meat makes for delectable and juicy kebabs. No part of the animal is wasted; even the hooves are used and made into a stewed dish. While kebabs are considered fast food, each individual skewer requires quite a bit of preparation.
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