翻轉視界 18 Changing Perspective
There's not just one road to the destination, but many roads. You just need to take the little step that’s right in front of you, and then the next one, and a few years down the track, they will seem like massive achievements.
通往目的地的路不止一條,有很多路可走。你只需要邁出眼前這一小步,然後再邁出下一步,幾年下來,將會成為巨大成就。
文章來自於New Humans of Australia (有取得授權)
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I didn’t meet my father until I was 6 years old. My parents had a comfortable, middle-class life in Shanghai, or as close as you could get under communism. But they always wanted to live overseas, and just before I was born, my dad came to Sydney to set things up. I don’t know why, but in the end, my mother and I didn’t join him until I was 6.
•a middle-class life 中產階級生活
•set things up 打點一切
•live overseas 往海外生活
•in the end 最後 (表達在經過一段時間或一連串事件之後的結果)
直到六歲前我都未曾見過父親。我的雙親在上海過著舒適的中產階級生活,或著說,在共產階級下所能得到的最接近的生活。他們一直響往海外生活,就在我出生前,我父親來到雪梨打點一切。但不知何故,直到六歲那年我與母親才終於與父親團聚。
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Unfortunately, half a year after we arrived, he left us. That was a huge shock. Our transition had already been quite difficult, as we both didn't speak English. Also, as Shanghai was such a big bustling city, Sydney felt a bit like the countryside, especially on the weekends, as no shops were open back then!
•shock 令人震驚的事件(或經歷);驚愕,震驚 (come as a great shock 讓人倍感震驚)
•transition 轉變;過渡
•a bustling city 繁華都會
不幸的是,就在我跟母親抵達半年後,父親離開了我們。這是個巨大的打擊,因爲我們不會說英文,在適應過渡期本就已過得相當艱辛。此外,不同於上海的繁華都會,雪梨更像鄉下,尤其在週末,那時連商店都不開門。
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We were very much reliant on my dad, not only financially, but also as a conduit into the wider community. So to have that broken was quite distressing. I remember Mum crying a lot. As we had become socially isolated, we didn’t find out anything about Centrelink, so we survived on her savings for a while, and then got some help from her family back in China.
•be reliant on… 依賴...
•a conduit into 進入...的渠道
•distressing (adj.) 令人苦惱的,令人擔憂的
•become socially isolated 變得孤立於社會
•survive on her savings 僅靠的她積蓄過日子
我們相當依賴我父親,不僅是經濟,他也是我們進入更廣泛社區的渠道。因此,當局面被打破時令人相當痛苦,我還記得母親時常哭泣。由於我們孤立於社會,所以我們並不知道澳洲社會福利聯絡中心 (Centrelink)的任何資訊,僅靠母親的積蓄支撐了一段時間,然後從母親在中國的娘家得到一些幫助。
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Eventually, Mum moved us down to Melbourne, where we were able to make some new networks and family friendships. But I was bullied a bit at school about things like my food and clothing! Whenever someone bullied me, I would defend myself, but because I didn’t have the language skills to explain to the teacher why, I got in trouble quite a bit. I ended up having to move school 3 times before I came to Balwyn Primary School, which was relatively multicultural.
•be able to 能夠
•make new networks 建立新的人脈,關係網
•be bullied 被霸凌
•language skills 語言能力
•get in trouble 惹上麻煩
•end up 最後處於;最後成爲;以…告終
•relatively 相對地
•multicultural 多元文化的
最後,母親帶著我搬遷到墨爾本,在那我們能夠建立起新的網絡與家庭情誼。然而。我在學校飽受霸凌,例如我的食物及衣物。每當有人霸凌我,我會自我防衛,但我的語言技巧不足以向老師解釋事發原因,因此常常陷入麻煩。後來我不得不再三轉學,直到就讀相對多元文化的博文小學(Balwyn Primary School)。
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After that, I did alright. Music featured very prominently in my life. I had started learning the violin from the age of 2.5 years old and even with all the troubles that were going on in my life, had somehow still kept up with it. As a result, I got a music scholarship to Trinity Grammar School. But even there I used to get into quite a lot of mischief, and would often skip school to go to the movies.
•do alight 過得不錯,做的不錯
•feature (v.) 以…為特色;給…以顯著的地位
•prominently 重要地;著名地;突出地,顯眼地
之後,我便過得不錯。音樂在我生活中佔有重要的一席之地,我從兩歲半開始學習小提琴,儘管生活中事事不如意,我依然堅持不輟。因此,我獲得三一文法學校( Trinity Grammar School)的音樂獎學金。但即使在那,我也常惡作劇、逃學看電影。
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By the end of year 11, I was told I would have to either repeat the year, or consider going to another school, which was quite humiliating for my mum. I decided to move school and surprisingly, I ended up doing quite well in year 12! As a result, I ended up getting into a double degree in Law and Music at Monash.
•repeat the year 留級 ; 重唸一年
•humiliating 令人感到恥辱的,丟臉的
11年級結束時,我被告知要麽被留級,要麼考慮轉學,這對我母親來說相當丟人。我決定轉學,而令人驚訝的是,我在12年級的時候表現優異,最後錄取蒙納士大學法律與音樂雙學位。
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When I started, my first thought was that I didn’t belong because I had done so badly in school up to year 11 and everyone else seemed so smart. But I put my head down, got through it, and ended up getting a job in the legal department of a major manufacturing company, which was a different approach to what most law students do.
•do not belong 不屬於這
•put my head down 埋頭苦幹
•the legal department of ...的法律部門
•a different approach 不同途徑
•approach (思考問題的)方式,方法,態度
當我開始進入大學,最初的想法是我不屬於這,因為我在11年級前都表現不佳,而這裡的人似乎都聰明絕頂。但我埋頭苦幹,咬牙撐過,最後在一家大型製造公司的法律部門找到工作,這與多數法律系學生的途徑不同。
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I really enjoyed it. It was hard work, but I learned a lot of foundational business, legal and corporate communication skills. After that I worked in corporate governance in RMIT, then started to moonlight as a lecturer in the Law Faculty. Eventually, they asked me if I wanted to do a PhD and I blindly said yes! I next worked at Swinburne University, and then was head-hunted to lead the corporate legal team at the Commercial Passenger Vehicles Commission.
•foundational 基礎的
•communication skills 溝通技巧
•corporate governance
•moonlight (v.) (尤指瞞著僱主)從事第二職業,兼職
•headhunt (v.) 物色(人才); 挖角
•legal team 法律團隊
我非常喜歡這份工作,這是份辛苦的工作,但我學習了很多基礎商業、法律以及公司溝通技巧。之後我在皇家墨爾本理工大學( RMIT)從事公司治理工作,並開始兼職擔任法律系講師。後來他們問我是否想要讀博士,我便盲目地答應了。接下來,我在斯威本大學(Swinburne University)工作,再被挖角到商用小客車委員會領導法律團隊。
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I had a good life, but after a while, I realised I wanted a different kind of job. I could see my seniors were making a lot of money but that their family life was not that good. And looking at my own upbringing, I wanted to be the kind of father who could be present in my own kids’ lives. So I decided on dentistry. It would not only allow me to use the hand skills that I had developed from playing the violin, but also the analytical and reasoning skills that I'd developed in law. Plus it would be flexible, and offer me a stable income and the chance to meet different people every day!
•upbringing 教養
•decide on sth 決定某事或東西
•analytical and reasoning skills 分析和推理能力
•offer a stable income 提供穩定收入
我的生活很不錯,但一段時間後,我意識到自己想要一份不同的工作。我知道前輩們賺了很多錢,但他們的家庭生活並不美滿。看著自己的成長經歷,我想要成為可以在孩子生活中出席的父親,所以我決定改行當牙醫。這項職業能讓我使用從拉小提琴中發展出的手部技巧,也能運用我在法律中發展出的分析與推理技能。此外,這個職業相當靈活,能為我提供穩定收入,並有機會每天與不同的人見面。
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My now fiancée, who was my girlfriend at the time, was also applying for further study, and coincidentally we both got into university in South Australia, so we moved to Adelaide together a few years ago.
•fiancée 未婚妻
•at the time 當時
•apply for 申請
•further study 繼續教育,進修;進一步研究;深造
•coincidentally 碰巧地;巧合地
我的未婚妻,當時的女友,也申請繼續深造,巧的是我們都考上南澳大學(University of South Australia),所以幾年前一起搬到阿得雷德( Adelaide)。
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I was lucky to get a university job at Flinders University. Initially, I started out as a casual lecturer in the law school, but I’ve since transitioned into teaching health law and research, and I’m currently writing a few books on the intersection between law and medicine. And also, obviously, trying to finish my dentistry degree!
•start out as… 起初擔任...
•transition into… 轉變到...
我很幸運的在福林德斯大學(Flinders University)找到工作,起初我在法學院擔任臨時講師,但我後來轉換到醫事法教學及研究。目前我正撰寫幾本關於法律與醫學相接的書籍,並努力完成我的牙醫學位。
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Mum eventually retrained as a Chinese high school teacher, and she’s still teaching to this day. Like most first generation migrants, she struggled quite a lot, and invested heavily in my success. After we’re married, my fiancée and I are planning to have children, and I’m sure they will have it much easier than I did.
•retrain 重新培養;再培訓;再訓練
•to this day 至今
•first generation migrants 第一代移民
•struggle a lot 掙扎奮鬥許久
•have it much easier 過的比較輕鬆
我的母親最終重新接受培訓,成為一名中文高中老師並執教至今。如同大多數第一代移民,她掙扎奮鬥許久,並為我的成功投資甚多。我與未婚妻打算婚後生孩子,我確信孩子會過的比我輕鬆得多。
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Still, a lot of the failures that I’ve had in my life have really informed a lot of my successes. Looking back, I wouldn't really want to change that to have a smoother life.
•inform [正式] 影響某人的態度或意見
https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/inform
•have a smoother life 有一個更順遂的人生
我的生活中的種種失敗確實為我的成功提供借鑑。回首過去,我不會想要改變那些坎坷經歷去擁有一個更順遂的人生。
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Over the years, I've learned that perseverance is very important. I hope that through telling my story, I can be an example to others who might be in a similar position as I was: to show that there's not just one road to the destination, but many roads. You just need to take the little step that’s right in front of you, and then the next one, and a few years down the track, they will seem like massive achievements.
•over the years 多年來
•perseverance 不屈不撓,堅持不懈
•be an example 成為榜樣
•be in a similar position 處於相似的處境
•down the road/line/track 將來(的路)
多年來,我學到堅持不懈是至關重要的。我希望透過講述自己的故事,能成為其他可能與我有相似處境的人的榜樣:向他們展示通往目的地的路不止一條,有很多路可走。你只需要邁出眼前這一小步,然後再邁出下一步,幾年下來,將會成為巨大成就。
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Photographer: Paul Heinrich instagram.com/paulfheinrich
文章與圖片出處: https://bit.ly/2XJsciq
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翻轉視界: http://bit.ly/3fPvKUs
批判性思考問題大全: http://bit.ly/34rdtJ7
同時也有10000部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,910的網紅コバにゃんチャンネル,也在其Youtube影片中提到,...
「why not both出處」的推薦目錄:
why not both出處 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的精選貼文
愛情36「題」❤️
讓陌生人迅速相愛的36個問題
Time to fall in love?
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《紐約時報》報導:
曼迪·萊恩·卡特隆(Mandy Len Catron)為「現代愛情」專欄寫了一篇文章《如何快速與陌生人相愛》,她在文中提到心理學家阿瑟·亞倫(Arthur Aron)等人的研究成果:兩個陌生人之間的親密關係或許可以通過彼此詢問一些特別的個人化問題而快速升溫。這36個問題分為三組,一組比一組來得尋根究底。
這個理論的核心是,共同的脆弱能促進親近感。這項研究的作者們稱:「同伴之間發展親密關係的關鍵模式在於持續、逐步升級、相互且個人化的袒露自我。」允許自己和另一個人共享脆弱可能非常困難,下面這個練習能迫使你做到這一點。
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Set I 第一組 ❤️
1. Given the choice of anyone in the world, whom would you want as a dinner guest?
如果可以在世界上所有人中任意選擇,你想邀請誰共進晚餐?
2. Would you like to be famous? In what way?
你想成名嗎?想以什麼方式成名?
3. Before making a telephone call, do you ever rehearse what you are going to say? Why?
打電話之前你會先排練一下要說什麼嗎,為什麼?
4. What would constitute a “perfect” day for you?
對你來說,「完美」的一天是什麼樣的?
5. When did you last sing to yourself? To someone else?
你上次自己唱起歌來是在什麼時候,給別人唱呢?
6. If you were able to live to the age of 90 and retain either the mind or body of a 30-year-old for the last 60 years of your life, which would you want?
如果你能活到90歲,同時可以一直保持30歲時的心智或身體,你會選擇保持哪一種呢,心智還是身體?
7. Do you have a secret hunch about how you will die?
你是否曾經秘密地預感到自己會以怎樣的方式死去?
8. Name three things you and your partner appear to have in common.
說出三件你和你的伴侶看上去相同的特徵。
9. For what in your life do you feel most grateful?
人生中的什麼東西最令你感激?
10. If you could change anything about the way you were raised, what would it be?
如果你能改變被撫養成人過程中的一件事,會是哪一件。
11. Take four minutes and tell your partner your life story in as much detail as possible.
花四分鐘時間,儘可能詳細告訴伴侶你的人生經歷。
12. If you could wake up tomorrow having gained any one quality or ability, what would it be?
如果你明天一覺醒來就能擁有某種才能或能力,你希望那會是什麼能力呢?
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Set II 第二組 ❤️❤️
13. If a crystal ball could tell you the truth about yourself, your life, the future or anything else, what would you want to know?
如果有一個水晶球可以告訴你關於自己、人生,未來乃至任何事情的真相,你會想知道嗎?
14. Is there something that you’ve dreamed of doing for a long time? Why haven’t you done it?
有沒有什麼事是你一直夢想去做而沒有去做的,為什麼沒有做?
15. What is the greatest accomplishment of your life?
你人生中最大的成就是什麼?
16. What do you value most in a friendship?
在一段友誼之中你最珍視的是什麼?
17. What is your most treasured memory?
你最寶貴的記憶是什麼?
18. What is your most terrible memory?
你最糟糕的記憶是什麼?
19. If you knew that in one year you would die suddenly, would you change anything about the way you are now living? Why?
假如你知道自己在一年內就會突然死去,你會改變現在的生活方式嗎?為什麼?
20. What does friendship mean to you?
友誼對於你來說意味着什麼?
21. What roles do love and affection play in your life?
愛與情感在你生活中扮演着什麼樣的角色?
22. Alternate sharing something you consider a positive characteristic of your partner. Share a total of five items.
和你的伴侶輪流說出心目中對方的一個好品質,每人說五條。
23. How close and warm is your family? Do you feel your childhood was happier than most other people’s?
你的家人之間關係是否親密而溫暖,你覺得自己的童年比其他人更快樂嗎?
24. How do you feel about your relationship with your mother?
你和母親之間的關係是怎樣的?
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Set III 第三組 ❤️❤️❤️
25. Make three true “we” statements each. For instance, “We are both in this room feeling ... “
每人用「我們」造三個句子,並含有實際情況,比如「我們倆在屋子裡,感覺……」
26. Complete this sentence: “I wish I had someone with whom I could share ... “
補完這個句子:「我希望和某人在一起,分享……」
27. If you were going to become a close friend with your partner, please share what would be important for him or her to know.
如果你想和對方成為親近的朋友,請告訴對方有什麼重要的事情是他或她需要知道的。
28. Tell your partner what you like about them; be very honest this time, saying things that you might not say to someone you’ve just met.
告訴對方你喜歡他或她身上的什麼東西,要非常誠實,說些你不會對萍水之交說的東西。
29. Share with your partner an embarrassing moment in your life.
和對方分享生命中那些尷尬的時刻。
30. When did you last cry in front of another person? By yourself?
你上次在別人面前哭是什麼時候?自己哭呢?
31. Tell your partner something that you like about them already.
告訴對方,你已經喜歡上了他或她身上的什麼品質。
32. What, if anything, is too serious to be joked about?
你覺得什麼東西是嚴肅到不能開玩笑的,假如有的話。
33. If you were to die this evening with no opportunity to communicate with anyone, what would you most regret not having told someone? Why haven’t you told them yet?
如果你今晚就將死去,而且沒有機會同任何人聯絡,你會因為之前沒有對別人說什麼話而感到遺憾,你為什麼到現在都沒有對他們說這些話呢?
34. Your house, containing everything you own, catches fire. After saving your loved ones and pets, you have time to safely make a final dash to save any one item. What would it be? Why?
假設你擁有的全部東西都在你的房子里,現在房子着了火,救出家人和寵物之後,你還有機會安全地衝進去最後一次,取出最後一件東西,你會拿什麼,為什麼?
35. Of all the people in your family, whose death would you find most disturbing? Why?
你的家人中,誰去世了會令你最難過,為什麼?
36. Share a personal problem and ask your partner’s advice on how he or she might handle it. Also, ask your partner to reflect back to you how you seem to be feeling about the problem you have chosen.
說出一件你的個人問題,問對方如果遇到此事要如何解決。另外,也要讓對方如實告訴你,在他或她眼中,你對於這個問題的感受是怎樣的。
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❤️ 看完這些問題後,會想到哪一部愛情片? ❤️
Tag someone who needs these questions~
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完整報導: https://nyti.ms/3z5eep9
圖片出處: https://bit.ly/3uYjIie
TED影片: https://bit.ly/3cn9jWC
why not both出處 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的精選貼文
[教育時評] Developing Empathy
為什麼同理於此時比以往任何時刻都重要?
同理(empathy)可以定義為從他人觀點理解感受他人所感的能力。這與同情(sympathy)不同,同情是對處於困境之人感到難過的感覺。在某些情況下,兩個術語有共同之處是因為同理是一種共鳴的關切,其中包括希望人們更好的渴望。
心理學家已辨識出不同種類的同理,主要為情感和認知兩種類型。情感同理心 (affective empathy)是指能分享他人感受的能力。它使我們能夠「鏡像」他人的感受並覺察他們的焦慮或恐懼。
認知同理心(cognitive empathy),也稱為換位思考,是識別和理解他人感受的能力。有效的溝通需要情感同理心和認知同理心兩者,因為它們可以幫助我們建立情感連結並向受眾傳達信息。同理對於協作和領導力也很重要,因為一個人需要理解和預期他人的情感和行為,才能與之工作並帶領他們走向成功。
人們可以看到同理呈現在所有職業中。老師需要靠同理來理解和滿足學生的多樣化需求。研究表明,富有同理心的醫療人員的患者享有更好的健康狀況。警察需要同理來拉近與之打交道的人的距離,來減少以武力處理的狀況。想想當警察缺乏對示威者的同理時會發生什麼。
現在比以往任何時候都更需要同理心。身份政治,政府競爭,甚至是最近的健康危機,都在逐漸蠶食我們的同理心和同情心,導致更大的緊繃,分裂和衝突。社交媒體上有多少發文在強調相互幫助的需要,又有多少在傳播恐懼和仇恨?
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並非所有希望都已失去。我們仍可以懷有和培養同理心。我們可以試著練習:
1.積極傾聽 (Active listening):傾聽並關注他人意見。不要只是簡單地摒除與自身不同的觀點。
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2.破除認同屏障(Shared identity):了解與自己不同的人。與其只關注兩者間的差異,不如考慮自己與他們分享的共同點。想像自己如何能設身處地的換位思考。
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3.制止不平等和冷漠 (Combating inequality and indifference):許多獲得較高社會經濟地位(socioeconomic status、SES)的人有時同理稍弱,因為他們較少有連結、依靠或與他人合作的需求。這並不意味所有富裕之人都對他人的需求漠不關心,但他們可能更需要去關注維持對他人的同理。
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4.閱讀與改變觀點 (Reading and changing perspectives):研究表明,閱讀文學小說(例如《殺死一隻知更鳥》,《老鼠與男人》)著重於人物心理及其與世界的互動。這些書激發讀者理解角色的意圖和動機,且這種的意識可以被帶入現實世界。但是,我認為,所有書籍,即使是非小說類書籍(例如《安妮·弗蘭克日記》)也能做到這一點,讀者不應受到書本類型的限制。重點在以閱讀了解他人的思維方式,從他人的角度思考和「體驗」生活,並將所學應用在自己的生活中。
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因此,為協助學生發展同理這一重要能力,我決定在我們的粉專上發起一個全新的系列:翻轉視界 (Changing Perspectives)。除了定期發布的《時事英文》、《教育時評》和《學習資源》,我們還將分享來自世界各地的人們的故事,文章中會提供關鍵詞、翻譯並向你提出批判性問題以期能幫助各位從不同的角度解讀世界!但是,單單思考並不夠!希望你可以不僅通過閱讀來發展同理,也通過理解和與他人合作將同理應用到生活中來取得成功。
References
Bal, P. M., & Veltkamp, M. (2013). How does fiction reading influence empathy? An experimental investigation on the role of emotional transportation. PloS one, 8(1).
Kaplan, S. (2016, July 22). Does reading fiction make you a better person? The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2016/07/22/does-reading-fiction-make-you-a-better-person/
Keen, S. (2007). Empathy and the Novel. Oxford University Press on Demand.
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Why is empathy more important now than ever?
Empathy can be defined as the capacity to understand feel what others experience from their perspectives. It differs from sympathy, the feeling of feeling sorry for someone in a difficult situation. In some instances, the terms overlap as sympathy is an empathetic concern, which includes the desire to see people better off.
Psychologists have identified different types of empathy, two main types being affective and cognitive. Affective empathy refers to the ability to share the feelings of others. It enables us to “mirror” what others feel and detect their anxiety or fears. Cognitive empathy, also known as perspective-taking, is the ability to identify and understand how others feel. Both are needed in effective communication because they help us build emotional connections and relay information to our audiences. Empathy is also essential for collaboration and leadership as one needs to understand and anticipate the emotions and behaviors of others to work with them and lead them to success.
One can see empathy present in all professions. Teachers need it to understand and meet the diverse needs of students. Research shows medical workers high in empathy have patients who enjoy better health. The police need it to feel less distant from people they are dealing with and defuse situations with less physical force. Think about what happens when the police lack empathy with protestors.
Empathy is needed more than ever now. Identity politics, government rivalry, and even the latest health crisis are gradually stripping us of our empathy and compassion, leading to greater tension, division, and conflict. How many posts on social media highlight the need to help one another, and how many spread fear and hate?
Not all hope is lost. We can still nurture and cultivate empathy. We can practice:
1. Active listening: Listen and be mindful of the opinions of others. Don’t merely dismiss every viewpoint different than your own.
2. Shared identity: Learn about people who are different from you. Rather than focus only on the differences, think about what you have in common. Imagine what you would do in their situation.
3. Combating inequality and indifference: Many who have attained higher socioeconomic status (SES) sometimes have diminished empathy because they have less of a need to connect with, rely on, or collaborate with others. This does not mean that all wealthy individuals are indifferent to the needs of others, but they might need to be more mindful about maintaining empathy towards everyone.
4. Reading and changing perspectives: Research shows that reading literary fiction (e.g., To Kill a Mockingbird, Of Mice and Men) focuses on the psychology of characters and their interaction with the world. These books motivate readers to understand character intentions and motivations, and such awareness can be carried into the real world. However, I personally believe that all books, even non-fiction (e.g., the Diary of Anne Frank), can do the same, and readers should not be restricted by the genre. The point is to read to understand the mindset of others, to think and “experience” life from their perspectives, and to apply these lessons to your own life.
Thus, to help students develop empathy, I have decided to launch a new series on our page: Changing Perspectives (翻轉視界). In addition to our regular posting of News English, Opinions in Education, and Learning Resources, we will share stories of people from around the world, provide key words, translations, and ask you critical questions to help you view the world from other perspectives! However, thinking is not enough! Develop empathy through reading but also apply it to your lives by understanding and working with others to achieve success.
References
Bal, P. M., & Veltkamp, M. (2013). How does fiction reading influence empathy? An experimental investigation on the role of emotional transportation. PloS one, 8(1).
Kaplan, S. (2016, July 22). Does reading fiction make you a better person? The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2016/07/22/does-reading-fiction-make-you-a-better-person/
Keen, S. (2007). Empathy and the Novel. Oxford University Press on Demand.
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圖片出處:https://bit.ly/2JUYzA9
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tl;dr: View the world from different perspectives. Have empathy and be nice.
教育時評: http://bit.ly/39ABON9