Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) is concrete made primarily of hydraulic cements, aggregates, and discrete reinforcing fibers. ... <看更多>
「fiber reinforced concrete」的推薦目錄：
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fiber-reinforced concrete - Advantages, types and applications 的相關結果
Fiber Reinforced Concrete is a composite material consisting of fibrous material which increases its structural integrity. ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Types, Properties and Advantages of Fiber Reinforced Concrete 的相關結果
Fiber -reinforced concrete (FRC) is concrete containing fibrous material which increases its structural integrity. It contains short discrete ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fiber-Reinforced Concrete - Sika Group 的相關結果
Fiber-reinforced concrete is ideal for improving the durability and toughness performance of concrete and mortar. Fibers in concrete help reduce shrinkage ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fibre-Reinforced Concrete - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics 的相關結果
Fiber -reinforced concrete is usually Portland cement concrete with either metallic or polymer fibers. The fibers are useful in providing greater resistance to ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 What's Up With Fiber-Reinforced Concrete? | ProTradeCraft 的相關結果
The steel rebar and fibers team up to resist tensile stresses in the beams. The rebar provides large scale reinforcement to resist tension ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Advantages of Fibre-Reinforced Concrete - POWER Magazine 的相關結果
What Does It Mean for Concrete to Be Reinforced? · Fibre-reinforced concrete has more tensile strength when compared to non-reinforced concrete. ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fibre Reinforced Concrete - Plastic, Steel & Poly | Hanson UK 的相關結果
Plastic Fibre Reinforced Concrete (Structural) ... Structural fibres (plastic) are manufactured from a high-strength, high modulus synthetic plastic. They are ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 An Overview of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete | TRP Ready Mix 的相關結果
Fiber -reinforced concrete (FRC) is concrete that has fibrous materials mixed in to increase the concrete's durability and structural integrity. ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 GFRC - Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete 的相關結果
GFRC stands for glass fiber reinforced concrete. GFRC concrete is used to make architectural panels, statues, planters, fountains, countertops, ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Carbon & Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete - CEMEX USA 的相關結果
Using fiber reinforcement in residential projects provides an economical way to take advantage of the best in concrete technology. Synthetic fibers, steel ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 (PDF) FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE- A CASE STUDY 的相關結果
Fiber -reinforced concrete (FRC) is concrete containing fibrous material which increases its structural integrity. It contains short discrete ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fiber Reinforced Concrete Advantages and Disadvantages 的相關結果
As stated, the main advantage of fiber-reinforced concrete is the reduction of shrinkage and cracking. The right fiber-reinforced concrete can ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 What is Fiber Reinforced Concrete? - Bright Hub Engineering 的相關結果
Fiber reinforced concrete is a type of concrete that includes fibrous substances that increase its structural strength and cohesion. ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Engineering Properties of Treated Natural Hemp Fiber ... 的相關結果
Research has shown that treated hemp fiber-reinforced concrete (THFRC) can provide a low-cost building material for residential and low-rise ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Glass-Fibre Reinforced Concrete | Lindner Group 的相關結果
Glass-fiber reinforced concrete or GFRC is a type of fibre-reinforced concrete containing fibrous material which increases its structural integrity. ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 7 Key Benefits of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete - For ... 的相關結果
Fiber -reinforced concrete is a concrete mixture that is reinforced with randomly oriented fibers. Depending on the project and the ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fiber Reinforced Concrete - Ozinga 的相關結果
A versatile mix, fiber-reinforced concrete can be used for on-ground floors and pavements, as well as construction parts like beams and pillars without the ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Introduction to GFRC (Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete) 的相關結果
If you aren't yet familiar with glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC), you should be. GFRC is a specialized form of concrete. It's a cement-based composite ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fiber Types - Fiber Reinforced Concrete Association 的相關結果
Most fiber types are manufactured from polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, nylon and other synthetic materials, such as carbon, aramid and acrylics. These ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fibre Reinforced Concrete - Roadstone 的相關結果
These fibres are used to enhance the concretes performance both in the fresh and hardened state. Fibres are typically added at the batching stage and are ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Carbon fiber reinforced concrete for smart structures capable ... 的相關結果
Electrically conducting concrete, as provided by the addition of a short carbon fibers (0.2-0.4 vol.%) to concrete, can function as smart structure material ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fibre Reinforced Cement Composites | IntechOpen 的相關結果
The addition of fibres into cementitious composites enables considerable improvement in mechanical and dynamic properties of reinforced concrete ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE WALL PRODUCT ... 的相關結果
FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE. WALL PRODUCT APPLICATION. TUF-STRAND™ MACRO-SYNTHETIC FIBERS. • Foundation Walls. • Retaining Walls. • Structural Rehabilitation. ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 US8137453B2 - Fiber reinforced concrete and method of ... 的相關結果
Fiber reinforced concrete is generated by including fiber in a dispersed manner in a cement matrix including: cement; first pozzolanic reactant particles ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fiber reinforced concrete: Residual flexure strength ... 的相關結果
Fiber reinforced concrete often fails due to poor adhesion between polymer fibers and the cement matrix which is caused by fiber flat and ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Material and structural performance evaluation of recycled ... 的相關結果
Cracking due to drying shrinkage was delayed in the PET fiber reinforced concrete specimens, compared to such cracking in non-reinforced specimens without fiber ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete FAQ - Bekaert.com 的相關結果
Steel fiber reinforced concrete is an alternative to traditional reinforced concrete for certain application areas. Steel fibers are a discontinous, 3- ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fibre reinforced concrete: new design perspectives 的相關結果
Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC) is a composite material that is characterized by an enhanced post-cracking tensile residual strength, also ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fiber-Reinforced Concrete for Structure Components 的相關結果
Improving the tensile strength and ductility behavior of concrete is often achieved by utilizing fibers, creating what is called fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 STEEL FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE 的相關結果
Fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) may be defined as a composite materials made with Portland cement, aggregate, and incorporating discrete discontinuous fibres. ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Properties and Applications of Fiber Reinforced Concrete 的相關結果
ABSTRACT. Fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) is a new structural material which is gaining increasing importance. Addition of fiber reinforcement in. ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Structural fiber choice for thin concrete pavements can have a ... 的相關結果
Structural fiber-reinforced concrete has been shown to enhance the performance of thin concrete pavements, especially when they are exposed to ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fiber-Reinforced Concrete - Master Builders Solutions 的相關結果
Fiber -reinforced concrete enhances the durability of concrete by reducing crack widths typically due to plastic shrinkage, long-term drying shrinkage and ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fibre Reinforced Concrete: From Design to Structural ... 的相關結果
Fibre Reinforced Concrete : From Design to Structural Applications (PDF) fib Bulletins No. 95. Fibre Reinforced Concrete: From Design to Structural ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Systematic Review on the Creep of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete 的相關結果
Fiber -reinforced concrete (FRC) is increasingly used in structural applications owing to its benefits in terms of toughness, durability, ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Advantages & Disadvantages of Fiber Reinforcement Concrete 的相關結果
Fiber Reinforcement Concrete is a composite material that consists of mixtures of cement, concrete, and randomly distributed fibers. ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fiber-reinforced concrete speeds construction, reduces costs 的相關結果
You mix fibers of steel or composites into a carrier (like concrete or epoxy) — typically 40 pounds of fibers in 2,000 pounds of concrete. These ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Mechanical Properties of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete 的相關結果
Mechanical Properties of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete · due to the addition of steel fibers · by 38.2% in normal-strength concrete, 41.2% in moderately high- ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fiber-Reinforced Cement Composites: Mechanical Properties ... 的相關結果
Several different types of fiber-reinforced cement composites with metallic, polymer, carbon, glass, nylon, and waste tire fibers have been ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Advanced Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Composites - MDPI 的相關結果
Fiber -reinforced concrete is recognized as a high-performance construction material because of its high toughness levels under compressive and tensile loads ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Scope of using jute fiber for the reinforcement of concrete ... 的相關結果
The natural jute fiber can be the effective material to reinforce concrete strength which will not only explore a way to improve the ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 10a(2015) Standard Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete 的相關結果
1.1 This specification covers all forms of fiber-reinforced concrete that are delivered to a purchaser with the ingredients uniformly mixed, and that can be ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fibre Reinforced Concrete - CEMEX UK 的相關結果
Steel fibre concrete utilises steel fibres designed to provide ultimate performance under intense loading conditions. This fibre system provides superior ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Properties of Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) – Types, Uses ... 的相關結果
Fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) is an advanced form of the reinforced concrete cast by mixtures of cement, mortar, or concrete and discontinuous, discrete, ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Steel Fibres - Advantages and Disadvantages - Canzac 的相關結果
Steel fibre reinforced concrete is a castable or sprayable composite material of hydraulic cements, fine, or fine and coarse aggregates with discrete steel ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 What is Fiber Reinforced Concrete | Types, Properties and ... 的相關結果
The Concrete which includes fibrous substance to increase structural strength and cohesion, it is called as a Fiber Reinforced Concrete. ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fibre Reinforced Concrete - SlideShare 的相關結果
4. Introduction Concrete containing cement, water , aggregate, and discontinuous, uniformly dispersed or discrete fibers is called fiber ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 玻璃纖維增強混凝土Glass-fiber Reinforced Concrete (GRC) 的相關結果
Glass fiber Reinforced Concrete, also known as GRC, is made of alkali-resistant glass fiber as a reinforcing material. Sulphate-aluminate low-alkalinity cement ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 A step towards sustainable glass fiber reinforced concrete ... 的相關結果
Utilization of the waste materials not just helps in getting them used in concrete, cement, and other construction materials, but also has ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 fiber reinforced concrete - 纖維強化混凝土 - 國家教育研究院 ... 的相關結果
中國大陸譯名: 纤维增强混凝土. 以fiber reinforced concrete 進行詞彙精確檢索結果. 出處/學術領域, 英文詞彙 ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites 的相關結果
Fiber reinforced cement (FRC) composites · High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement (HPFRC) Composites · Stress at first cracking · Maximum post-cracking stress or ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) Tip Sheet 的相關結果
The 3-D orientation of fibers in concrete creates a similar, if not better, reinforcing matrix as normally reinforced concrete. According to ACI 544.1, ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 What is fibre reinforced concrete? - Quora 的相關結果
Fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) is concrete containing fibrous material which increases its structural integrity. It contains short discrete fibers that are ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Current Research and Applications of Fiber Reinforced ... 的相關結果
Cement and concrete matrices reinforced with randomly oriented short fibers are finding increasing applications in both precast and in situ concrete ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fiber-reinforced concrete structures from around the world 的相關結果
Directory and listing of fiber-reinforced concrete structures from around the world including images, technical data, literature and other project ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 MasterFiber - BASF 的相關結果
MasterFiber reinforcement is integrally distributed throughout the concrete mixture, providing a three-dimensional reinforcement system. A fiber-reinforcement ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fiber Reinforced Cement and Concrete Composites - Amazon ... 的相關結果
Fiber Reinforced Cement and Concrete Composites [Antoine E. Naaman] on Amazon.com. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Fiber Reinforced Cement and ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Advantages of Fiber Reinforced Concrete - AtlantisFiber.com 的相關結果
Fiber -reinforced concrete is concrete that has fibrous materials mixed in to increase the concrete's durability and structural integrity. ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Mixing Fiber Reinforced Concrete 的相關結果
Mixing Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) is different from traditional concrete in how it lacks large aggregate or pebbles and is blended with paddle mixers ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Properties of Flexible Fiber and Rigid Fiber Reinforced ... 的相關結果
Compared with plain concrete, the slump and setting time decreases a little for flexible fiber reinforced concrete and increases a little for rigid fiber ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 FAQ's of Fiber Reinforced Concrete | Jarco Supply 的相關結果
The use of fibers does not appreciably increase or decrease compressive strength. However, high dosages or macro/structural synthetic fibers ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fiber reinforced concrete: Tailoring composite properties with ... 的相關結果
Fiber reinforced concrete : Tailoring composite properties with discrete fibers by. Michael Dopko. A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 BEHAVIOR OF FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE ... - RILEM 的相關結果
Such fibers in tunnel lining are most important to prevent of exfoliation of concrete pieces. However, the property of FRC under fire temperature has not been ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Characterization of Design Parameters for Fiber Reinforced ... 的相關結果
Fiber -reinforced polymers (FRP) are being increasingly used in the construction industry. One application is to use FRP bars as reinforcement in concrete. ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete Incorporated With Phase ... 的相關結果
By applying the proposed model on various concrete composites, including 5% PCM and 7% PCM hybrid fiber reinforced concrete, the present model can well describe ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Understanding Fiber Reinforced Concrete - FIBERMESH 的相關結果
Today, there are a large variety of fiber options for reinforcing concrete, available in the market place. These include micro and macro synthetic fibers, steel ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) Market | 2021 - 26 的相關結果
Fiber Reinforced Concrete is a composite material consisting of discontinuous, discrete, uniformly dispersed fibrous material, along with cement, mortar, or ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Carbon fiber-reinforced concrete accelerates in Germany 的相關結果
TU Dresden and C3 – Carbon Concrete Composite demonstrator aims to reduce concrete material use by 50% and CO2 emissions by up to 70%; ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fibre Reinforced Concrete 的相關結果
The benefits of fibre reinforcement · Less cracking due to early-age shrinkage · Better cohesion in the fresh concrete · Higher flexural and shear strengths ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fiber Reinforced Concrete - Barzin Mobasher 的相關結果
Fiber -reinforced concrete (FRC) is extensively used as primary or secondary reinforcement in infrastructure projects. Recent advancements in ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) is a composite mate - PCI.org 的相關結果
Following is an account of some of the commonly used synthetic fibers in precast concrete products. Carbon The advantages of carbon-fiber reinforcement over ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fibre Reinforced Concrete: Improvements and Innovations II 的相關結果
This volume highlights the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC), as presented by scientists. ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fiber Reinforced Concrete 的相關結果
Reinforced concrete construction can reduce or — in the case of structural fiber — eliminate the need for secondary steel reinforcement. For more information ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Essay On Fiber Reinforced Concrete - 1187 Words 的相關結果
Fiber reinforced concrete is known as one of the fastest segments in concrete which contain fibrous materials which increase the structural integrity. Fiber ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Concrete 的相關結果
Keywords: Fiber-reinforced concrete; carbon fibers; workability; compressive strength, splitting tensile strength; flexural strength. Introduction. Fiber- ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fiber reinforced concrete: developments and applications to ... 的相關結果
This report introduces the properties and applications of three newly developed fiber reinforced concretes. CFRC is a concrete made with ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Durability Study of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete - Taiwan ... 的相關結果
Abstract. Sisal has been reported as one of the promising fibers for cement composite applications. The durability of sisal fiber reinforced ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Placing, Finishing and Jointing Tips for Fiber Reinforced ... 的相關結果
PLACING: Synthetic, steel, and blended fiber reinforced concrete can be placed using conventional methods such as concrete chutes, buckets, ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fiber-reinforced concrete: An overview after 30 years of ... 的相關結果
Abstract This paper presents a rhetorical discussion on the subject of fiber-reinforced concrete, FRC. It is intended as an overview of the types of ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Next-gen reinforced concrete is said to be lighter, more eco ... 的相關結果
Concrete is a mixture of cement, an aggregate such as gravel, and water. For added strength, steel fibers are sometimes added. ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 How Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Can Make for More Resistant ... 的相關結果
Fibers act as a deterrent for cracks in concrete due to the plastic retraction and the drying process, also reducing its permeability. ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 10 Reasons why Fiber Reinforced Concrete works ? - LinkedIn 的相關結果
Fiber Reinforced Concrete is a composite material consisting of fibrous material which increases its structural integrity. ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fiber-Reinforced Concrete for Bridge Structures 的相關結果
Fiber -reinforced concrete (FRC). • Field Applications of FRC ... Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) ... Synthetic fibers in low amounts, 1.5 lb/yd3. ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Ultra High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) 的相關結果
Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) is a cementitious composite characterized by a significant amount of cement (higher than 600 kg), small aggregates size ( ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Development of Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced ... 的相關結果
Formulation process of Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) is described in this paper. Materials locally available in the European ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fibre Reinforced Concrete | Holcim Australia 的相關結果
In theory, the incorporation of fibres into a brittle concrete matrix can have the effect of controlling the growth and propagation of micro cracks and ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fiber Reinforced Polymer Reinforcing - FDOT 的相關結果
The deterioration of reinforcing and prestressing steel within concrete is one of the prime causes of failure of concrete structures. In addition to being ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 the use of glass fiber–reinforced concrete as a structural material 的相關結果
Glass fiber–reinforced concrete (GRC) consists basically of a cementitious matrix composed of cement, sand, water, and admixtures, in which ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Slab-on-Grade - Concrete Fiber Solutions 的相關結果
Steel Fiber Reinforcement for Slab-on-Grade Applications ... CFS 100-2 steel fibers help control random cracks in ground-supported concrete floors. In ordinary ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Experimental investigation on behavior of steel fiber ... 的相關結果
Abstract. During the last four decades, fiber reinforced concrete has been increasingly used in structural applications. It is generally accepted that ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Mix Preparation and Uses 的相關結果
The range of proportions for normal weight SFRC. Steel fiber reinforced concrete is a composite material having fibers as the additional ingredients, dispersed ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Concrete and Fiber Reinforced Concrete Subjected to Impact ... 的相關結果
Concrete (or Mortar) so reinforced is termed fiber reinforced concrete (FRC). Moderate increase in tensile strength and significant increases in energy ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Development of a Mix Design Adjustment Method For Fiber ... 的相關結果
Reinforced Concrete and Super High Performance Concrete ... for Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) that would maintain appropriate workability while. ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Decorative Techniques with Fiber Reinforcement for Concrete 的相關結果
Architects specify steel fiber reinforcement for projects such as factory floors that must withstand heavy traffic and impacts. Steel fibers are added to a ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Experimental Investigation of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams 的相關結果
Shear strength of fiber reinforced concrete beams was studied in this research project. Three types of fibers were examined: hooked-end steel fiber, ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Exploring the Properties of Fiber Reinforced Concrete 的相關結果
Corrosion of steel reinforced concrete results in unsafe structures and significant economic costs. This project investigated using polymer, ... ... <看更多>
fiber reinforced concrete 在 Fiber-reinforced concrete - Wikipedia 的相關結果
Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) is concrete containing fibrous material which increases its structural integrity. It contains short discrete fibers that are ... ... <看更多>