TỪ VỰNG IELTS - CHỦ ĐỀ THROWAWAY SOCIETY
🎯PHẦN TỪ VỰNG
- throwaway society: xã hội mà trong đó người ta sử dụng đồ đạc trong một thời gian ngắn sau đó vứt chúng đi, mua thứ đồ mới
vpurchase the latest version of things: mua phiên bản mới nhất
- encourage somebody to do something: khuyến khích ai đó làm gì
- to be in good condition and perfectly functional: trong tình trạng tốt và các chức năng hoạt động tốt
- overconsumption = excessive consumption: việc tiêu thụ quá mức
- overproduction = excessive production: việc sản xuất quá mức
- long-lived products = durable products = products that are made to last for a long period of time: những sản phẩm có tuổi thọ dài
- short-lived products = non-durable products = products that are made to last for a short period of time: những sản phẩm có tuổi thọ ngắn
- repurchase = buy again: mua lại
- repeat customers: những khách hàng sẽ mua hàng lại ở cửa hàng họ đã mua
- make a dent in your finance: làm giảm số tiền bạn đang có
- higher profit margins for manufacturers: lợi nhuận biên lớn hơn cho các nhà sản xuất
- tempt customers into buying the latest, novelty items: thu hút khách hàng mua những sản phẩm mới nhất
- disposable products: những sản phẩm dùng 1 lần rồi vứt đi
- solid waste generation rates: tỷ lệ thải ra chất thải rắn
- environmental degradation: sự suy khóa môi trường
- contaminate soil and water: làm ô nhiễm đất và nước
- increase consumer spending: tăng chi tiêu của khách hàng
- bad spending habits: thói quen tiêu xài xấu
- leftover food: đồ ăn thừa
- a new version with more features: phiên bản mới với nhiều tính năng hơn
- have a negative/detrimental/harmful effect on: có ảnh hưởng có hại lên...
- buy things that you do not really need: mua những thứ mà bạn không thực sự cần
- a waste of money: một sự lãng phí tiền của
- buy new things to relieve stress or anxiety: mua đồ mới để giải tỏa căng thẳng và lo âu
- overspend = spend beyond one's income: chi tiêu quá mức
- huge amounts of toxic waste: 1 lượng khổng lồ chất thải
- to be discharged into the environment: bị thải ra môi trường
- encourage people to reuse and recycle more: khuyến khích người dân tái chế và tái sử dụng nhiều hơn.
- get into serious debt: bị mắc nợ nghiêm trọng
🎯PHẦN BÀI MẪU
These days people in some countries are living in a “throwaway” society which means people use things in a short time then throw them away. What are its causes and what impacts can it have?
Dịch đề: Ngày nay người dân ở một số quốc gia đang sống trong một “xã hội bỏ đi” nghĩa là người ta sử dụng đồ đạc trong một thời gian ngắn sau đó vứt chúng đi. Nguyên nhân và ảnh hưởng mà xã hội này gây ra?
The topic of “throwaway society” has been discussed in recent years. In this society, people tend to throw away their old items regardless of whether or not they still work and purchase the latest version of things. This essay will look at some primary reasons for this phenomenon and the adverse impacts that it could have on individuals and the environment.
There are several causes of the throwaway society and I think advertising could be the first culprit. Advertisements encourage people to purchase goods and services that they do not really need by delivering a message that possessing the latest version of an item could improve a person’s self-image, confidence and even social status. For example, many of today’s teenagers spend nearly $1,500 buying iPhone X to show that they are wealthy and fashionable even though their old phones are still in good condition and perfectly functional. Another cause is mass production of non-durable goods which are often used once and thrown away. These products are much cheaper and more convenient than durable ones, hence, attract a large number of customers.
Individuals living in the throwaway society could suffer a great deal. They could easily get into serious debt if they get into the habit of buying the latest, novelty items. Many teens are being burdened with thousands of dollars in credit card debt for their unnecessary purchases, which could lead to depression and anxiety. Environmental degradation is another problem facing the throwaway society. Due to excessive production of disposable goods, huge amounts of hazardous waste are being discharged into the environment, which directly contaminates soil and water.
In conclusion, there are various factors leading to the advent of our throwaway society and increasing consumer debt and environmental damage are the two major problems which result from this society.
(299 words, written by Nguyen Huyen)
PHẦN VÍ DỤ: https://ielts-nguyenhuyen.com/tu-vung-ielts-chu-de-throwaway-society-dich-tu-chi-tiet/
#ieltsnguyenhuyen
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「solid waste problem」的推薦目錄:
solid waste problem 在 Florence 陈秀丽 Facebook 的最佳貼文
921 今天是世界环境清洁日
一早就和一群人去香港海边捡垃圾
呼吁大家减少浪费、减少塑料罐、塑料袋
再循环、再使用、减少 recycle,reuse,reduce
原来回收厂只是回收几个干净的罐子做成雨伞等
其他垃圾还是回到地球垃圾场-海洋
为了自己 为了下一代 一起努力吧!
Today is World Cleanup Day
Let’s keep the earth clean, use less plastic and less waste.
We clean the beach at Shek-O HK today!
What a meaningful day.
网络资料:世界清洁地球日
世界清洁日(英文原名:World Cleanup Day)是一个国际性的社会行动,致力于通过影响人类行为模式的改变以应对世界上的陆地失控垃圾以及海洋垃圾问题。这个行动源起于爱沙尼亚的Let’s Do It. 基金会,2008年他们首次行动即召集到了50,000多名志愿者在爱沙尼亚全境内进行一天的失控垃圾清理,这次行动为爱沙尼亚减少了大约10000吨非法的垃圾。[1]同时,世界清洁日也没有一个中心的组织机构,这项活动是在不同国家基层民众的努力之下达成的。世界清洁日的参与者主要以志愿者为主,同时非政府组织有时会帮助他们影响大众,协调活动,以及筹款。
中文名世界清洁地球日
节日时间 9月的第三个周末
节日类型纪念节日
节日活动清洁活动
节日意义 减少能源污染,维护地球的清洁
发展历史
1987年,澳大利亚人伊恩基南先生驾单人帆船环绕地球时,看到漂浮在海上的垃圾,深深觉得要做一些事。回到悉尼后,他在朋友的帮助下发起了“清洁悉尼港日”(1989)。这个活动召集了4000名志愿者清理废旧汽车,白色垃圾,玻璃瓶,烟头等。伊恩和他的委员会认为既然一个城市可以行动起来,整个国家也行,于是发动全国人民一起动手,最后在1990年有30万志愿者参与了新一轮的清洁澳大利亚日。迄今为止,清洁澳大利亚日已成功办了16年。
世界清洁地球日
下一步,伊恩又把眼光放到全世界。在得到联合国环境规划署(UNEP)支持后,世界清洁日在1993年第一次举办。自此,世界清洁日成为全球性社区活动,每年有超过130个国家,3500万人参与。
2016年,全球已经有113个国家采用其一日清洁模式推动国家间的环境清理行动。
2018年,适逢Let’s Do It. World发起10周年,Let’s Do It. World意欲推动全球150个国家在同一天进行清理行动,并将该计划命名为“2018World Cleanup Day”!
2018年9月15日,从最早日出的新西兰到最西边的夏威夷,全球158个国家17000000人,接力了人类历史上规模最大、参与人数最多的的垃圾清理环保马拉松。
和世界地球日一样,世界清洁日不是政治活动,它不属于任何党派或者政治团体,也不属于一个专一的意识形态。
中国的世界清洁日行动由捡拾中国项目团队在Let‘s Do It. World的授权后于2018年正式开启。
活动内容:清洁活动——传统的活动通常是一到两天的志愿者社区清扫活动;延伸计划——是对传统清洁活动的补充,包括植树,循环利用计划,生活垃圾处理设施的建立等;教育宣传——指导人们如何用积极正确的行为保护改善环境。
以下是某些生活废弃物在自然界停留的时间:烟头:1-5年,羊毛织物:1-5年,橘子皮:2年,尼龙织物:30-40年,皮革:50年,易拉罐:80-100年,塑料:100-200年,玻璃:1000年。[3]
World Cleanup Day (aka WCD) is a global social action program aimed at combating the global solid waste problem, including the problem of marine debris.
World Cleanup Day is celebrated with litter cleanup and waste mapping activities spanning every time zone. Environmental cleanup events are held in nearly every country until concluding near the international date line in Hawaii and American Samoa.
The 2019 World Cleanup Day will be held on the third Saturday of September and coincides in 2019 with Peace Day and the global climate strike (September 20-27).
#worldcleanupday
#fisherman
#blingblingocean
solid waste problem 在 多益達人 林立英文 Facebook 的最佳貼文
Apple CEO tells college graduates: ‘We’ve failed you’
蘋果CEO給大學畢業生的致詞
蘋果執行長庫克(Tim Cook)於5月18日應邀至杜蘭大學(Tulane Univeristy)做畢業典禮演講(Commencement Speech),內容是鼓勵畢業生處理困難的問題,有勇氣嘗試找出解決問題的方法,並以20年前的親身經驗告訴年輕學子,為何當年從前途似錦的科技業巨擘康柏公司(Compaq),投入前途黯淡的蘋果公司。
杜蘭大學是位於紐奧良的研究型私立大學,有「南方常春藤」之稱,以下摘錄庫克的演講內容:
∎ Life will always find lots of ways to tell you no, that you can't, that you shouldn't, that you'd be better off if you didn't try. But New Orleans teaches us there is nothing more beautiful or more worthwhile than trying.
人生總會用很多方式告訴你,這個不可以、那個做不到、你不應該這麼做,或是你最好連試都別試。但紐奧良教導我們,沒什麼比嘗試更美妙,更有價值。
∎ For me, it was that search for greater purpose that brought me to Apple in the first place. I had a comfortable job at a company called Compaq that at the time looked like it was going to be on top forever.
對我來說,當初就是為了尋找更大的目的,才讓我來到蘋果。我原本在康柏的工作很舒服,而且那時康柏看來將永遠處於顛峰。
∎ As it turns out, most of you are probably too young to even remember its name. But in 1998, Steve Jobs convinced me to leave Compaq behind to join a company that was on the verge of bankruptcy.
你們大多數人可能都太年輕,不記得康柏的名字,但在1998年,賈伯斯說服了我離開康柏,加入一家處於破產邊緣的公司。
∎ They made computers, but at that moment at least, people weren't interested in buying them. Steve had a plan to change things. And I wanted to be a part of it.
他們生產電腦,但至少那時大家沒什麼興趣買電腦。賈伯斯想要改變這個局面,而我想參與其中。
∎ It wasn't just about the iMac, or the iPod, or everything that came after. It was about the values that brought these inventions to life.
這不只攸關iMac或iPod,或之後問世的所有東西,而是關於把這些創新真正做出來的價值。
∎ The idea that putting powerful tools in the hands of everyday people helps unleash creativity and move humanity forward. That we can build things that help us imagine a better world and then make it real.
這個想法是將強大工具放到一般人的手中,釋放出創造力,推動人類前進;也就是我們可以打造的東西,能讓我們想像出更美好的世界,再實現這個夢想。
∎ Try something. You may succeed. You may fail. But make it your life's work to remake the world because there is nothing more beautiful or more worthwhile than working to leave something better for humanity.
去多多嘗試,你可能成功,也可能失敗,但要把改造世界變成你的人生目標,努力留下任何東西讓人類更好,沒有什麼比這麼做更美妙、更值得。
以下是演講內容全文:
Hello Tulane! Thank you, President Fitts, Provost Forman, distinguished ( ) faculty ( ), other faculty [laughs], and the entire Tulane family, including the workers, ushers ( ), [and] volunteers who prepared this beautiful space. And I feel duty-bound ( ) to also recognize the hard-working bartenders at The Boot. Though they’re not here with us this morning, I’m sure some of you are reflecting on their contributions as well. [The Boot is a popular college bar right next to Tulane’s campus which has been around for decades.]
And just as many of you have New Orleans in your veins ( ), and perhaps your livers, some of us at Apple have New Orleans in our blood as well. When I was a student at Auburn, the Big Easy was our favorite getaway ( ). It’s amazing how quickly those 363 miles fly by when you’re driving toward a weekend of beignets and beer. And how slowly they go in the opposite direction. Apple’s own Lisa Jackson is a proud Tulane alum ( ). Yes. She brought the Green Wave all the way to Cupertino where she heads our environment and public policy work. We’re thrilled to have her talent and leadership on our team.
OK, enough about us. Let’s talk about you. At moments like this, it always humbles me to watch a community come together to teach, mentor ( ), advise, and finally say with one voice, congratulations to the class of 2019!
Now there’s another very important group: your family and friends. The people who, more than anyone else, loved, supported, and even sacrificed ( ) greatly to help you reach this moment. Let’s give them a round of applause ( ). This will be my first piece of advice. You might not appreciate until much later in your life how much this moment means to them. Or how that bond of obligation ( ), love, and duty between you matters more than anything else.
In fact, that’s what I really want to talk to you about today. In a world where we obsessively ( ) document our own lives, most of us don’t pay nearly enough attention to what we owe one another. Now, this isn’t just about calling your parents more, although I’m sure they’d be grateful if you did that. It’s about recognizing that human civilization began when we realized that we could do more together. That the threats and danger outside the flickering firelight got smaller when we got bigger. And that we could create more — more prosperity ( ), more beauty, more wisdom, and a better life — when we acknowledge certain shared truths and acted collectively.
Maybe I’m biased ( ), but I’ve always thought the South, and the Gulf Coast in particular ( ), have hung on to ( ) this wisdom better than most. [Tim Cook grew up in Robertsdale, Alabama, which is about an hour from New Orleans and is similarly close to the Gulf of Mexico.] In this part of the country, your neighbors check up on you if they haven’t heard from you in a while. Good news travels fast because your victories are their victories too. And you can’t make it through someone’s front door before they offer you a home-cooked meal.
Maybe you haven’t thought about it very much, but these values have informed your Tulane education too. Just look at the motto ( ): not for one’s self, but for one’s own. You’ve been fortunate to live, learn, and grow in a city where human currents blend into ( ) something magical and unexpected. Where unmatched beauty, natural beauty, literary beauty, musical beauty, cultural beauty, seem to spring ( ) unexpectedly from the bayou. The people of New Orleans use two tools to build this city: the unlikely and the impossible. Wherever you go, don’t forget the lessons of this place. Life will always find lots of ways to tell you no, that you can’t, that you shouldn’t, that you’d be better off if you didn’t try. But New Orleans teaches us there is nothing more beautiful or more worthwhile than trying. Especially when we do it not in the service of one’s self, but one’s own.
For me, it was that search for greater purpose that brought me to Apple in the first place. I had a comfortable job at a company called Compaq that at the time looked like it was going to be on top forever. As it turns out, most of you are probably too young to even remember its name. But in 1998, Steve Jobs convinced me to leave Compaq behind to join a company that was on the verge of bankruptcy. They made computers, but at that moment at least, people weren’t interested in buying them. Steve had a plan to change things. And I wanted to be a part of it.
It wasn’t just about the iMac, or the iPod, or everything that came after. It was about the values that brought these inventions to life. The idea that putting powerful tools in the hands of everyday people helps unleash creativity and move humanity forward. That we can build things that help us imagine a better world and then make it real.
There’s a saying that if you do what you love, you’ll never work a day in your life. At Apple, I learned that’s a total crock ( ). You’ll work harder than you ever thought possible, but the tools will feel light in your hands. As you go out into the world, don’t waste time on problems that have been solved. Don’t get hung up on what other people say is practical. Instead, steer ( ) your ship into the choppy ( ) seas. Look for the rough spots, the problems that seem too big, the complexities ( ) that other people are content to work around. It’s in those places that you will find your purpose. It’s there that you can make your greatest contribution. Whatever you do, don’t make the mistake of being too cautious. Don’t assume that by staying put, the ground won’t move beneath your feet. The status quo ( ) simply won’t last. So get to work on building something better.
In some important ways, my generation has failed you in this regard ( ). We spent too much time debating. We’ve been too focused on the fight and not focused enough on progress. And you don’t need to look far to find an example of that failure. Here today, in this very place, in an arena where thousands once found desperate shelter ( ) from a 100-year disaster, the kind that seem to be happening more and more frequently, I don’t think we can talk about who we are as people and what we owe to one another without talking about climate change.
[applause] Thank you. Thank you.
This problem doesn’t get any easier based on whose side wins or loses an election. It’s about who has won life’s lottery and has the luxury of ignoring this issue and who stands to lose everything. The coastal communities, including some right here in Louisiana, that are already making plans to leave behind the places they’ve called home for generations and head for higher ground. The fishermen whose nets come up empty. The wildlife preserves ( ) with less wildlife to preserve. The marginalized ( ), for whom a natural disaster can mean enduring poverty.
Just ask Tulane’s own Molly Keogh, who’s getting her Ph.D. this weekend. Her important new research shows that rising sea levels are devastating ( ) areas of Southern Louisiana more dramatically than anyone expected. Tulane graduates, these are people’s homes. Their livelihoods ( ). The land where their grandparents were born, lived, and died.
When we talk about climate change or any issue with human costs, and there are many, I challenge you to look for those who have the most to lose and find the real, true empathy ( ) that comes from something shared. That is really what we owe one another. When you do that, the political noise dies down, and you can feel your feet firmly planted on solid ground. After all, we don’t build monuments ( ) to trolls ( ), and we’re not going to start now.
If you find yourself spending more time fighting than getting to work, stop and ask yourself who benefits from all the chaos. There are some who would like you to believe that the only way that you can be strong is by bulldozing ( ) those who disagree or never giving them a chance to say their peace in the first place. That the only way you can build your own accomplishments is by tearing down ( ) the other side.
We forget sometimes that our preexisting beliefs have their own force of gravity ( ). Today, certain algorithms ( ) pull toward you the things you already know, believe, or like, and they push away everything else. Push back. It shouldn’t be this way. But in 2019, opening your eyes and seeing things in a new way can be a revolutionary act. Summon the courage not just to hear but to listen. Not just to act, but to act together.
It can sometimes feel like the odds ( ) are stacked ( ) against you, that it isn’t worth it, that the critics are too persistent and the problems are too great. But the solutions to our problems begin on a human scale with building a shared understanding of the work ahead and with undertaking it together. At the very least, we owe it to each other to try.
It’s worked before. In 1932, the American economy was in a free-fall ( ). Twelve million people were unemployed, and conventional ( ) wisdom said the only thing to do was to ride it out, wait, and hope that things would turn around ( ). But the governor ( ) of New York, a rising star named Franklin Roosevelt, refused to wait. He challenged the status quo and called for action ( ). He needed people to stop their rosy ( ) thinking, face the facts, pull together ( ), and help themselves out of a jam. He said: “The country demands bold, persistent experimentation. It is common sense to take a method and try it. If it fails, admit it and try another. But above all, try something.”
This was a speech to college students fearful ( ) about their future in an uncertain world. He said: “Yours is not the task of making your way in the world, but the task of remaking the world.” The audacious ( ) empathy of young people, the spirit that says we should live not just for ourselves, but for our own. That’s the way forward. From climate change to immigration, from criminal justice reform to economic opportunity, be motivated by your duty to build a better world. Young people have changed the course of history time and time again. And now it’s time to change it once more.
I know, I know the urgency of that truth is with you today. Feel big because no one can make you feel strong. Feel brave because the challenges we face are great but you are greater. And feel grateful because someone sacrificed to make this moment possible for you. You have clear eyes and a long life to use them. And here in this stadium, I can feel your courage.
Call upon your grit ( ). Try something. You may succeed. You may fail. But make it your life’s work to remake the world because there is nothing more beautiful or more worthwhile than working to leave something better for humanity.
Thank you very much, and congratulations class of 2019!
#高雄人 #學習英文 請找 #多益達人林立英文
#高中英文
#成人英文
#多益家教班
#商用英文
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