【認真聽】 爆頭就對了 !| 從《#屍戰朝鮮:雅信傳》到《#惡靈古堡》| 晚期資本主義社會的屍檢 | 後人類未來 // 李長潔 👾
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看完《李屍朝鮮:#雅信傳》只有一個想法—「欸為什麼沒有可以按下一集的地方!」。真的很喜歡《#李屍朝鮮》,自從2019年看了第一季,那種「公路電影」般的一路跋涉,加上詭秘的政權鬥爭,還有寫實又魔幻的戰爭,重新定義了活屍文本的特徵與內涵。我們今天就談談「活屍」(#zombie)及其文本,活屍在大中文化中的意義,還有活屍也有社會學(?)
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基本上,我們認為,活屍電影、電玩、小說等,尤其在2000年後的興盛,是一種對晚期資本主義的屍檢。這些文本從政治、經濟、科學等領域,迂迴地提出「反-社會結構」的批評,並在倖存者身上,賦予某種「#後人類」式的期待。這種Ulrich Beck的「#解放性災難」,使我們思考新的社會型態與人類存在,並開啟未來的可種可能。
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📌 #今天的節目有
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▶ 李屍朝鮮與雅信傳
▶ 每個人心中都有一個活屍
▶ 活屍的系譜
▶ 活屍文本的基本解析
▶ 巫術所控制的活死人
▶ 活下來的人有這三種
▶ 作為一種後人類
▶ 爆頭就對了
▶ 對晚期資本主義社會的屍檢
▶ 末日重生—解放性的災難
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📣 #firstory 聽這裡:https://open.firstory.me/story/ckropkmml94wf0863oyg6vp2e
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📣 #kkbox 聽這裡:https://podcast.kkbox.com/episode/5YZl1BR-1MdCKbHpwX
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📣 #spotify 聽這裡:https://open.spotify.com/episode/1GzNMgApuTqh61IbAnXKXp?si=qKcV2omiRo2D9-eAwCUvIA&utm_source=copy-link&dl_branch=1
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📣 #apple 聽這裡:https://reurl.cc/R074Gg
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📣 #facebook 完整論述:https://www.facebook.com/208541192666847/posts/1818922671628683/
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///// 完整論述 /////
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▓ #李屍朝鮮與雅信傳
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想到2019第一次看到Netflix上的《李屍朝鮮》,非常驚豔,居然可以將活屍與歷史、政爭、戰爭混合在一起,創造一種全新的視野。第一季的片頭,令人頭皮發麻,逐集釋出的片段,你可以一集一集地慢慢發覺這是養屍的陰翳詭譎畫面。
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故事大概的背景是,16世紀末日本入侵朝鮮數年後的朝鮮王朝,王世子李蒼想見臥病在床十多天的父王,卻一直被宮人阻撓,直覺宮中有不可告人秘密。為追尋真相,李蒼微服暗訪醫治其父王的醫員,卻發現一場恐怖瘟疫正全國擴散,染疫的人會死而復活,變得非常嗜血及人肉,整個朝鮮正陷入一場滅亡危機。整個《李屍朝鮮》虛構地表現著真實的史實,包含16世紀的國際政治、政府治理、人民生活、飢荒與瘟疫,那些人吃人的殘酷歷史。
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雅信傳,運用了朝鮮與女真之間的緊張關係,架構了一個「生死草源起」的場面。其中全智賢以及她的部族,是夾在朝鮮與女真之間歸順政府的「城底野人」,以來往探密為生。活屍在這裡,指向某種「他者」,是一個民族傷痛的隱喻,本篇裡並沒有太多的謀策或活屍趕殺,更多的是在恨意上的不斷加深,這個被賤斥、賤踏的他者(沒有認同、失語、赤裸、遭受暴力),最終反撲成為一種灰滅性的瘋狂與災難。
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你是不是在最後活屍感染全滅軍隊時,感到內心充滿快感呢。你也可以藉雅信,明白前兩季的諸多橋段,包含生死草的來源、為何會出現、朝鮮的政爭、第二季結束時全智賢的詭異微笑。並且,藉由雅信這位女性角色的賤斥主體反撲,整個顛倒了前兩季的所有「皇權」(kingdom)統治。
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《李屍朝鮮》大概是近年K-zombie中,最典型又精彩的作品。它之所以好看,是因為其脫離了20-21世紀裡,成為重要的反烏托邦類型的活屍文本,獨樹一格。不過,我們還是回過頭來談談這整個影視發展中的活屍文本,其是對晚期資本主義世界的一種反映與批判。
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▓ #每個人心中有一個活屍
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套句導演李安的句法,每個人心中都有一個活屍。活屍電影已然成為當代最重要的電影類型之一,是一種結合怪物、恐怖、與科學幻想的文本。從1932年的《白殭屍》(White Zombie)開始,1968年George Romero執導的《活死人之夜》(Night of the Living Dead)興起,「活屍」一社會想像在40年內逐漸成為主流,時至今日已然有577部相關的活屍電影作品發行,尚未包含電玩、小說等其他傳播媒介。
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911事件後,活屍文本更蓬勃出現,成為當代流行文化中的重要類型。這些血腥恐怖的情節背後,與一般鬼片不同,其隱含著複雜的、預設式的、假設式、未來式、較積極的負面烏托邦,用通俗的方式探討著「反結構」(anti-structure)的趨勢,甚至可以說,活屍文本就是某種「社會科學的科幻」(Reed and Penfold-Mounce, 2015),是一種社會學的想像。後面就來漫談活屍文本。
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▓ #活屍的系譜—海地活屍
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林宛瑄(2017)回顧了活屍的系譜。她認為,當代習稱活屍的怪物依其所從出的歷史脈絡與形象變遷過程,可以區分為「#海地活屍」與「#美國活屍」,兩種活屍形象各有所對應的社會情境及衍生的政治文化意涵,兩者之間的關聯與差異則是揭示活屍的理論潛能所在之關鍵。
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簡言之,「海地活屍」為巫毒教的產物,例如「白殭屍」,海地人相信巫毒教巫師能夠藉由含河豚毒素的特定毒物與儀式,讓活人處於假死狀態,之後再藉另一種藥物使之復甦;但甦醒過來的受害者會失去許多心智功能,淪為受巫師操縱的奴隸。由於海地的歷史充滿被帝國殖民為奴的記憶,海地活屍逐漸演變為一種政治社會壓迫的象徵。
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▓ #活屍的系譜—美國活屍
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海地活屍在1920年代傳入美國,並在電影中,幾經轉變,最後由喬治羅米洛的活屍系列,將活屍由巫術型轉換成「感染型」。二十世紀西方大眾文化想像中的喪屍已從「#傳統神祕傳說中沒有心智且相對不具威脅性的奴性機器」轉變為「#兇惡且自我驅動的吃人機器」;活屍研究者不應將「海地喪屍」與「美國喪屍」的發展史混為一談。
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值得一提的是,喪屍擺脫巫師或奴隸主甚或殖民者支配後,始得成為所謂「常人怪物」(行屍走肉),方能夠代入各種社會脈絡與問題情境,凝聚吸納其間的想像與焦慮,羅米洛的活死人系列因此可說是活屍作為一種大眾文化史上重要的轉捩點。(林宛瑄,2017)所謂的「感染型活屍」。不論性別種族階級,任何人都可能轉變為活屍,人與喪屍之間的界線不再牢固,人無法輕易將活屍斥逐為與己對立之他者。只要有心(?),人人都可能是活屍。
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▓ #活屍電影的基本分析
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我們將557部活屍電影名稱做文字分析,可以得到一系列的詞彙,如邪惡(Evil)、重返(Return)、活死人(Undead)、黑暗(Dark)、屋舍(House)、居民(Resident)、啟示錄(Apocalypse)、戰爭(War)、變種(Mutant)。這些片名用字指向大眾對「人」(human)之常態的質疑與恐懼。活屍象徵著,道德人性的變質、資源稀缺的搶奪、社會集體歇斯底里的害怕、全球戰爭的末日想像、對傳染病的恐懼、與基因科技的深層不信任。簡單來說,即是在技術、風險、生命權力、恐怖主義等等概念力量將社會質變後,活屍電影重新定義了「人」的存在狀態。
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▓ #倖存者的隱喻
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在分析活屍文本時,我時常將重點放在「活屍」本身,以其作為一種對當代社會的隱喻與批判視角,但事實上,那些在災難中倖存的人類,也是很重要,他們可能是反映人類在世界存在的方式,與社會重建的未來。倖存者的分類,依賴原本的社會資源,純淨的社會結構。倖存者可以分類成「#群眾」(Multitude)、「#超人類」(transhuman)、「#後人類」(post-human)。
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在「群眾」的情況下,大眾被與活屍連接在一起,你可以在大部分的電影中看到這樣的場景,人口過剩的新自由主義社會中,一方面不幸成為活屍的大眾在社會結構中無腦的重複動作,另一方面,倖存的群眾則試圖恢復舊秩序,或是,衝破各種機構的框架,例如種族、性別等。這樣的集體大眾合作,也表現在活屍路跑的活動場面中。
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而「超人類」,是一種思考未來的方式,許多超人主義理論家與倡導者希望運用理性、科學和技術,並在此基礎上減少貧困、疾病、殘疾和全球各類折磨人的疾病。在《惡靈古堡》電影中,女主角Alice受感染又轉基因,變成一個超越人類界限的賽博格(cyborg),如Donna Haraway在《賽博格宣言》裡說的一樣,女性的暴力是對所有中心主義的一種超越與破壞,拋棄了所有人的從屬角色。
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所謂「後人類」(post human)狀態,少了超人類的超越,更多的是重新思考與風險共處的例外狀態,然後形成一種生命風格。是對未來人類個體趨勢的一種觀察、推測與想像,最著名的經典是Francis Fukuyama的《後人類未來-基因工程的人性浩劫》,他強調技術革命將帶來人類社會的終極改變,其中包含了道德界線的瓦解,與社會集體暴力的來臨。Ira Livingston與Judith Halberstam則描繪「後人類」是科技的設計,是藏有符碼傳染的軀體,是致命的肉身,人類不再屬於「人族」(the family of man),而是後人類的一員。諸多學者對人類個體的未來狀態有著不確定的憂慮,但也隱含重新思考的可能性。
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▓ #爆頭就對了
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在電玩《惡靈古堡》中,第一次將「生化武器」、「傳染病」、「病毒」等元素加入活屍文本。「這場流行病的傳染速度,比現代歷史上的任何疾病要快得多了。」在Covid-19的時代,在《惡靈古堡3》重製版(Resident Evil 3,2020)詭譎緊張的開場序曲中的這句話,令每一個身處在現在的玩家深深感到遊戲文本與現實生活之間的巧合。從1996年誕生於日本Sony公司的遊戲開發部的《惡靈古堡》(Resident Evil),以大規模傳染與生化實驗為故事基礎,展開第一代成人玩家恐怖科幻視野,也是幾十年來活屍類型文本(zombie genre)的重要原型之一。
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《惡靈古堡》的核心是T-virus病毒,這種將人類變異成活屍的虛構感染,讓玩家無論是通過歐式豪宅、非洲村落、亞州公寓,每一集都有。就算到了《惡靈古堡:村莊》(Resident Evil Village)的羅馬尼亞風格民間故事中,都還是可以碰見邪惡集團Umbrella Corporation,因為製造生化武器,而開啟的活屍末日。但對於《惡靈古堡》而言,一開始幾代你還會期待是有解藥的,可以回到末日前的社會。但最近的幾代,主角與活屍的距離開始混淆不清。
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▓ #活屍就是對晚期資本主義的屍檢
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又或者是《屍速列車》裡,列車上的病毒傳染末日最可怕的敵人除了活屍之外,還包括各種延伸出來的危機狀況,像是對糧食、飲用水、衛生的不信任,大量流竄的、囂張的、與恐慌的活人才是真正致命的對手。這些由活屍想像延伸出來的情境,全都指向全球化晚期資本主義下的災難,社會失序、病毒感染、生化戰爭、病毒疫苗突變等。
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此外,《屍速列車》是一部很特別的電影,它的成功,正是奠基在韓國的徹底失敗上,的確,電影中所提及的「世越號沈船事件」、「MERS疫情」等真實事件,都體現了導演在韓國社會中的生活經歷,看見了韓國階層文化的不公平、國家體系的失常、經濟壓力下,人們渴望「逃跑」。所以我們看到《屍速列車》裡有不同群體之間的權力關係,例如資本家對雇員的指使、社會對高齡的排擠等;也看到軍隊體系的暴亂之力;一節節的車廂裡的失序場景,反而在極端的條件下將韓國的社會秩序表現了出來。而失速的列車也逃往向釜山,一個韓國經濟的重量級災區。
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其他的電影如《活人生吃》、《毀滅倒數28天》也時常描繪「商場裡的消費活屍」、「倖存者的險惡競爭」、「資源的匱乏」、「極具才能的才德至上英雄」、「巨大邪惡的企業(與科學家)」、「失能又極權的軍政複合體」,也時常是活屍電影的重要場景。都很像是對晚期資本主義的一場場屍檢。
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▓ #人與非人的共生的遊牧主義
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活屍片通常很短,觀眾看到的只是一個傳染的展開片段,但如果像是《陰屍路》這種發展很長的篇幅,就可以看人們開始嘗試展開新的生活。有趣的是,活屍科幻電影看似悲觀,這些倖存者卻總為未來社會帶來希望,追尋一個新的社會結構。例如《屍速列車》,電影中主角孔劉與其他人物的關係描繪得十分飽滿。一個故事由主角構成,主角本身卻又由許許多多的其他人構成,互動來去,在情緒、情感、合作策略的各種人際關係行為中,維繫了「人」存在於這個世界末日的價值。又或者是超級長篇《陰屍路》、被罵翻的《最後生存者2》,到後來已經展開各種活屍末日的生活共同體實驗,活屍末日是新世界的開始,在這個世界中「沒有強而有力的中央政府或傳統的社會建制,只有一群剛強的倖存者」(林宛瑄,2017)。
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剝去感官主義的票房刺激,我們可以思考,在當代流行文化中被大量產出的殭屍文本,也許並不是我們恐懼上述的「後人類怪物」,而是我們每個人心中都有一個具殭屍,他提醒著當代人類身上存在著「跨界性」,我們必須要在無法可管的條件(社會變動太過劇烈)下創造新的律法。這是「後人類」的啟蒙,在最狂暴卻又極度管制的的區域中重新創造「人」的存在。
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▓ #解放式災難的契機
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我們可以用哲學家Giorgio Agamben的「例外狀態」(state of exception)來解釋這活屍延伸出來的後人類思考。在活屍科幻電影鋪成的過程中逐漸展開視域,可以發現空間與政治、生命與法律、混亂與正常之間已經失去清楚界線,這種「例外狀態」標示著當代社會型態的狂暴與管制、安全與風險的共存。而就是因為《李屍朝鮮》、《陰屍路》、《屍速列車》、《惡靈古堡》以及其他的活屍類型文本中,存在著活屍的暴力性、動物性、去道德化,反而強化了主角與其他角色之間社會關係,那些是人性的脆弱、難得的尊重與無私的互動,這些是維護「人」所存在的最後理由。「最後生存者」,這種新的存在方式,不純然是對非人狀態的拋棄恐懼,更可以是一種共振、共活(想想看這兩年的全球疫情)。
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所以,活屍文本可以反映Ulrich Beck(周桂田、徐健銘,2016)提出的「解放式災難」,災難的風險可能帶來變革與解放的契機。「活屍」給我們一種壓力,一種啟事,一種警告,告訴我們自己即將面臨(或正處於)例外世界,承認當代人類個體已然是各種跨界性的混合體,但我們依然盡力地維護著人性的價值與個體安全的保證,在可能是最壞的未來情境裡,持續重新定義人類存在的意義。
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📕 #參考文獻
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1. 周桂田、徐健銘(2016)。進擊的世界風險社會挑戰。二十一世紀雙月刊。
2. 林宛瑄(2017)。我們就是喪屍:《 陰屍路》 中的喪屍末日與再創生。英美文學評論。
3. Fukuyama, F. (2006). The end of history and the last man. Simon and Schuster.
4. Halberstam, J. (1995). Ira Livingston, eds. 1995. Posthuman Bodies.
5. Reed, D., & Penfold-Mounce, R. (2015). Zombies and the sociological imagination: The walking dead as social-science fiction. In The zombie renaissance in popular culture (pp. 124-138). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
同時也有319部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過3萬的網紅ViVi 芝衣,也在其Youtube影片中提到,嘻嘻~過關就是開心d(d'∀') 真的是辛辛苦苦捏~ 一起來拉幫結黨吧!隨時歡迎你棉~ 下載連結👉 https://twds-tw.onelink.me/ARME/othermb2 #陰屍路 #陰屍路倖存者 #策略手遊遊戲 #正版漫畫授 #VVVVV 陰屍路#1:https://youtu....
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#葉郎每日讀報 #娛樂產業國際要聞揀1加2條
│訂戶成長速度放緩的 Netflix 正式宣佈將為訂戶提供電玩內容 │
• Netflix 發佈第二季財報,結果第二季獲利低於市場預期、營收則高於市場預期。更重要的指標是第二季全球僅新增150萬訂戶。雖然這個數字高過 Netflix 和外界的預期,但和過去一年受到疫情刺激而快速增長的狀況相比,等於是踩了急剎車。尤其 Netflix 北美市場不僅是沒有成長,還繼續因為價格調漲而掉了43萬用戶。
• 紐約時報的解讀認為是 Disney+ 的侵吞蠶食,直接導致了 Netflix 的成長趨緩甚至負成長。他們引用 Parrot Analytics 趕在 Netflix 財報之前發佈的數據顯示,Netflix 因為近來欠缺爆紅熱門節目因而讓消費者移情別戀 Disney+。
• 彭博新聞的觀點正好相反:他們認為投資人原本擔憂 Netflix 的用戶增長速度會惡化更快。今天的財報結果顯示,即便 Disney+ 祭出一波又一波超級英雄和星戰武力,Netflix 的防護罩仍繼續挺住。等到幾部因疫情干擾而延後到第三季發行的重量級節目,如新一季《Money Heist 紙房子》和《Sex Education 性愛自修室》正式上架後應可以扳回一城。
• 不過另一個壞消息是 Netflix 預測第三季新增用戶數會是 350 萬人,遠低於華爾街預期的546萬數字。
• Netflix 顯然週全準備了各種好消息來轉移大家對於今天財報數據的注意力。首先他們發佈了各種好看的聲勢數據:包含 Zack Snyder 的《Army of the Dead 活屍大軍》在前28天一共被7500萬會員收看;Kevin Hart 的喜劇《Fatherhood 為夫進行式》也在前28天得到7400萬人收看;《The Mitchells vs. The Machines 米家大戰機器人》則以28天內被5300萬人收看而成為 Netflix 史上最成功動畫電影。不過 Variety 善意提醒 Netflix 的統計方法是只要觀看分鐘數超過2分鐘就算是看過。
• 今天最重要的還是 Netflix 正式對股東宣佈了他們所謂「進軍」遊戲產業的計畫:他們將優先開發行動裝置的遊戲,提供給 Netflix 原有用戶使用,不會額外收費。共同執行長 Reed Hastings 說 Netflix 會是一個單一產品公司,遊戲只會被視為 Netflix 平台上的一個新的內容分類,而不會是另一個要大家額外付錢的產品。
• 另一個意外是他們除了將改編節目 IP 成為電玩的路徑之外,也向股東預告他們仍準備有完全專屬於電玩的原創IP。也就是說 Netflix 並非只把電玩當成節目的延伸體驗,而是真的像 Hastings 說的當成是一種新的內容類別。
• 兩位領導全球串流龍頭的共同執行長 Reed Hastings 和 Ted Sarandos 也順便利用這個機會評論一下別人家發生的併購潮:他們預測 WarnerMedia 和 Discovery 合併的效果將不會像 Disney 和 Fox 的合併有這麼大的效益。而 Netflix 自己的長期成長模式仍然非常穩定,不會考慮跟競爭對手一樣採用併購策略。也就是說最近檯面上各個可能求售的好萊塢公司如 LionsGate、一再強調絕對沒有要賣的 Sony Pictures、A24、Reese Witherspoon 的 Hello Sunshine 或是今天才傳出求售的 Ron Howard 的製片公司 Imagine 等等賣方都可以不用打電話向 Netflix 邀標了。
新聞來源:
Netflix Growth Sputters in Q2, Streamer Plans to Launch Video Games for No Extra Charge(https://flip.it/W_PAZ1)
How Disney is Chipping Away at Netflix's Dominance(https://flip.it/tv.213)
Netflix's Avengers Shield Is Still Working(https://flip.it/WAOGAk)
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其他也可以知道一下的事:
│串流經濟中 Frank Darabont 還有辦法告倒業主拿回他的《Walking Dead 陰屍路》的2億美元分紅嗎?│
新聞來源:What the $200M ‘Walking Dead’ Settlement Says About TV’s Future(https://flip.it/4jV7vz)
│後 COVID 時代的影展新常態:坎城影展傳出光篩檢來賓的費用就高達100萬美元│
新聞來源:How Cannes Pulled Off an In-Person Film Festival by Spending More Than $1 Million on COVID Testing (https://flip.it/dWXawo)
the walking dead 手 遊 在 Facebook 的最讚貼文
「地獄空」攝影集即將在八月中元節前出版,由知名設計師與攝影家黃子欽設計,內附在下二位高徒精美繪製符咒、心經版畫書籤、愣嚴咒牌、尊勝咒語...等,感恩十方大德助印,希望疫情退散,平安喜樂,後記如下:
野放台灣五十餘年,貪狼獨坐,三方四正殺破狼格局,少年多舛,白手起家,隨展覽雲遊四海,如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返,遂設幻影堂自詡堂主,一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」,常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鍾情黑白世界之單純,彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘,了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝,雖非仙人,亦無道骨,初聞離垢地生清淨心,但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠,待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢《巨神連線》,心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到,意識死神隨伺在側,人生苦短,如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒……總不得解,蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜,聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃,甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎,禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘,台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜(佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教&大同教、儒教鑾堂、天帝教&天德教、慈惠堂&勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山……)、神棍橫行(依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫),因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜,但地獄造景稀少,後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人,各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味,意境乖張溢於言表,造型扭曲非常人所能塑也,然匠心獨運、自成一格,專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美,絲毫不輸喬托(Giotto di Bondone,1267~1337)乃至米開朗基羅(Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564)矣。
創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱,雖主祀四面佛,儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊,可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像,安太歲自不在話下,甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深,1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍,行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關,只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地,十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台,粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格,尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂,該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯(包青天),陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解,求破懸案者眾,逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸,全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中,四周環繞墓地,適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮(1971)地府則是首座電動地府,規模精小但驚嚇度破表,略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍,出自已故台南大道長金登富之作,而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外,乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面,尊尊栩栩如生,續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道,造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」(阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像)旁設靜態十殿閻羅(1970年代初),雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存,續往上行可抵「證菩提道-釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區,一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時,琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心,世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐 阻擋大軍進攻之路,但因緣果報無法逆轉,昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加,還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘遭屠殺,遂以缽盛救度五百族人,最終卻化為血水,佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力,因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐,目犍連遂展神通救渡,但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火,佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日,於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾,因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會 」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌,既渡亡魂也自懺悔。
台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗,不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂(1979年興建,1983年開放),燈光絢爛、聲響駭人,獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」,至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形,睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿 」判案定奪,觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截……等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄……兼遊「四生(胎、卵、濕、化)回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼……等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石……小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」,轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭……等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」,窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮……等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤……等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」,直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿,皆為極犯,另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍……等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」(查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司)後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事,依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺(紫河車)」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據《十八泥犁經》記載,人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」,經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫,犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄(阿鼻地獄)」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主,統轄十殿閻羅,逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。
人類居於五趣(阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄)雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界,犯十惡業(殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴)者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」(欲界、色界、無色界)二十八天?凡人無此意識,別說能破「十二因緣」(無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死)還滅門,更別想斷除「四聖諦」(苦、集、滅、道)集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑(五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑),了悟「五蘊」(色、受、想、行、識)本空、「十二入」(眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法)空、「十八界」空,破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執,生十一處「善心所」(信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害),降二十六處「惡心所」(貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知),須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。
地獄可能空滅嗎?若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪,地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土?若能證空性何處現地獄?
地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間,老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心,然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所,惡性所及實無可根除,礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層,乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷,暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄,心多妄念,妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間,會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉,我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄,三魂七魄尚不足以出竅,驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧,豈不謬哉?
病毒肆虐年半有餘,全球確診者逼近一億八千萬,枉死者近四百萬,堪比戰爭規模,望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空,唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。
姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節
Postscript
I have been living recklessly in Taiwan for more than fifty years. According to Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology), Tan Lang is the sole star in my house of Self. This star, which represents xxx, forms an equilateral triangle with that star Qi Sha and Po Jun on the square chart and constitutes a Sha Po Lang pattern. The pattern indicates a kind of turbulence and change, a life of wandering with ups and downs and it tells a lot about my life. After my ill-fated youth, I started from scratch and traveled around the world with exhibitions that I participated. Like a flaneur, I wandered around ruins, nature, and temples with every type of film camera obliviously. Thus, I founded the Hall of Illusion and claimed to be the master of the hall. Several times a day, I pondered a quote from the Diamond Sutra, “Everything with form is unreal.” In addition, I usually stayed in the darkroom developing film and enlarging those negatives overnight. However, I treasured the simplicity of the black and white world. The earthly, gaudy, garish, phony and pleasing qualities within colored photos make the images even more realistic than the real world. It is not my cup of tea, so I seldom took colored photos. In Confucian thought, the age of fifty marks the stage knowing the mandate of Heaven. I am now at my fifties and realize how ephemeral human life is. However, I am not an immortal, nor having sagelike characteristics. I just learned that the stage of stainless (the second bhūmi) and develop a pure mind that is free from doubt and defilement. However, I’m still far from the immovable state and need to practice.
In the summer of 2017, after filming the work Incarnation, I experienced a severe heart rhythm problem which almost triggered myocardial infarction and could have killed me. Consequently, I realized that death was waiting for me and the life is too short to figure out how I can liberate myself from the cycle of Birth and Death. I couldn’t comprehend how to be free from all afflictions and worries and how to avoid delusive ideas. I wept for three days and nights after being enlightened by Shakyamuni Buddha. Up to the moment, I felt ashamed that I failed to realize that the self is as insignificant as dust after these years learning and practicing Buddhism. Since then, I have visited famous temples and monasteries in my spare time, worshiping Buddha, Bodhisattvas, arhats, and all the deities and immortals. Taiwan’s temples are myriad with a enormous number of sects, including Buddhism, Taoism, Yiguandao, Catholicism, Christianity, Chinese religions of fasting, Islam& Baháʼí Faith, Confucianism, Tiandiism& Tian-De Teachings, Xiwangmu cult, Yellow Emperor Sect, Precosmic Salvationism, Liism, World Wide Ethical Society, séance cult, etc. Some people even claim that they can mediate communication between the deities or spirits of the dead with human beings, having their believer rely on themselves instead of the orthodox dharma or dogma and pay excessive respect and admiration for the mediums or objects, accumulating wealth through such an unfair means or even harassing their believer sexually. Due to Taiwan’s historical changes, social turbulence, political struggles, and ideological issues, Buddhism and Taoism are somehow mixed. However, there are few emphases on the concept of the hell. As I took photographs of Yama of each court, judges, wardens of the underworld, jailers, General Fan and Hsieh (the ghost escorts) and all sinners, I found few temples cleverly created hellish scenes that are intriguing, exaggerating, and extraordinary. However, the creations are unparalleled unique. I have been studying Western arts for decades and then I came to realize that simplicity makes the most beautiful works of art. These hellish scenes can even compete with works of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) and Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564).
Jingang Temple Shimen District, founded in 1986, overlooks the beautiful North shore. Although the temple is mainly dedicated to Phra Phrom (the Thai representation of Mahabrahma), spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism can also be founded in the temple. The worshipper can go cross the Seven Star bridge to relieve bad luck, walk along the five hundred arhat statues and knock on the gong to affirm one’s Buddha nature. Furthermore, the worshipper can also prostrate themself before Asia’s largest statue of Buddha in Nirvana (the Reclining Buddha statue) and pacify the Taoist Tai Sui deity of the year. I was impressed by the Jia-Zi Tai Sui General that a pair of palms grow out of his eyes. In 1994, the biō-kong (the person taking charge of the temporal affairs of a temple) received a divine inspiration from Yama (the King of Hell) that he had to build a sacred hall in the shape of a divine dragon, with the interior designed according to the World of Ultimate Bliss and the Underworld. When the visitor walks in the dark hallway, they will see the tortured people (dioramas, of course) scrunching their faces and crying bitterly and loudly in excessive grief as the visitor triggers the mechanism. One will even find them in the midst of flesh, body liquid and blood, mutilated limbs, and rotten corpses. While each of the ten Yamas are focusing on their own duties, showing their sacred dignity that collect visitors’ attention. The Baogong Temple in Linkou District, New Taipei City exclusively features colorful depiction of hellish scenes in relief in Taiwan. With its pastel shades and cartoon-like style, the relief is both grotesque and adorable at the same time. This temple is dedicated to Bao Zhen (also known as Justice Bao) representing the incarnation of Yama. Living people who have been treated unjustly can come worshipping Bao Gong and receive exorcism. Therefore, many people come here for seeking to solve unsolved cases. In Zhongyuan Festival (the ghost festival), the temple will burn the Zhizha (paper craft) boat to ferry the ghosts to the other shore, which is the shore of enlightenment. The only giant statue of Yama in Taiwan is still in the making. The temple is surrounded by a cemetery, suitable for meditating on the loathsomeness and impurity. Nantian Temple (1971), located next to the Eight Trigram Mountains Buddha in Changhua, features the first animatronic underworld. Despite the small size, the animatronic underworld is intensely shocking. Though it’s slightly worn, the colorful dioramas are still brutally ferocious. The creator was the late venerable Dao Zhang (Taoist priest) Jing Deng-fu while the origin of animatronic deities can be traced back to the 1960s Beigang Chaotian Temple. On the contrary, the Whiteman Toothpaste Tourism Factory in Shuishang Township, Chiayi, features ten Yamas with individual booth. The place is unexpectedly clean and polished yet keeps a simple and modest tone. Then, the Dragon Pagoda of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas at Lotus Lake in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, holds the only relief of hellish scenes made of Kochin ceramic. All the figures are vivid and life-like. If one goes further into the pagoda, they will see a relief tunnel of the thirty-three incarnations of the white-robed form of Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) on a white lotus, with a lovely and interesting design. Another Hall of Yama is built in the 1970s next to the entrance of Dagangshan Chaofeng Temple, located in the Alian District of Kaohsiung. Visitors will also see three statues of the Three Holy Ones of the Western Pureland (Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta) which assemble at a lotus pond. Although the hellish scene looks somewhat antiquated, you may still find its previous charm. If one goes further, they will reach the sculptural garden of “Attaining the Bodhi Way: the Incarnation of Sakyamuni Buddha,” where the visitor can see the essence of Bhagavato’s (meaning the Blessed one, one of the common epithets for Buddha) life. When Tathāgata (another epithet for Buddha) was old, the king of Kosala wanted to avenge the arrogance of the tribe of Shakyas who had long despised him, regarding him as a son of a maiden. Although Buddha has sat in lotus position alone three times to stop the army from attacking his tribe. However, one can never reverse the cause and following karma. The prince born of a maiden was so furious that he eventually destroyed his homeland. Maudgalyāyana (one of the Buddha’s closest disciples), who is said to have had supernatural abilities that surpassed the other disciples, could not bear to see the slaughter of innocent people. Thus, he saved five hundred people of his tribe with a pātra (an eating utensil of Buddhist monks). Unfortunately, everything he did was in vain, those who were saved eventually turned into a puddle of blood. The Buddha said that the supernatural abilities cannot surpass the power of karma. The cause and effect work all the time. When Maudgalyāyana’s mother fell into the path of hungry ghost, he used his supernatural abilities to save his mother from hunger. However, all the food turned into fire before being fed to his mother. Later, the Buddha commanded the monks to put nectar and dishes in a basin on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar for the monks from all directions to free his mother from reincarnation. In later times, the Ullambana Dharma Service, the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance, and the Yoga Collection for Feeding the Searing Mouths Dharma Service are rituals to eliminate karmic hindrance and to cease to worldly delusions. Through such practices, one can free the dead as well as confess their repentance.
Madou Daitian Temple is a magnificent and colorful temple in Tainan. Not only can the worshippers visit the eighteen levels of Hell but also the Heaven (it was built in 1979 and inaugurated in 1983) here. The lighting and sound effects are stunning and frightening. When walking alone in the space, one may feel like taking a Guan Luo Yin trip (a Taoist necromancy which leads people’s spirits to hell and communicate with the dead ones) to visit the underworld prison. Before arriving the first court of the underworld, the visitor will walk through the Mountain of Heart Summit, the Pure Heart Pond, the Frontier between the Living and the Dead Realms, the Soul Registry Hall, the Portico of Demons, the Center for Complementary Teaching of Canonical Books, the Citadel of Premature Death, and the Bridge of Vanity. When one arrives at the first court, they will see King Chin-guang, who is in charge of the court, using the Mirror of Retribution to show the earthly form of evil creatures and also witness the sub-hell of Pillar-Holding and Fire Bed, etc. At the second court, King Chu-jiang collates the register of sins the souls of the dead have committed to impose the punishments. Here, you will see the sub-hell of Excrement and Urine, Hungry Ghost, Burning Dance Floor, Ice, Pus and Blood, Whipping, Tongue-Raking, Sword Blade, Stomach-Piercing, Chopping, etc. Next, the dead at the third court, ruled by King Song-di, will receive the punishments including inversion tortures, face-skinning with steel and copper knife, eye-wrenching, pounding, blood-sucking, rib-piercing, roasting, tendon-taking, being eaten by maggots. The visitor can pay a visit to the Palace of Soul-Resuscitation for the Four Forms of Creatures (birth from an egg, birth from a womb, birth from moisture, and birth by transformation). King Wu-guan is in charge of the fourth court. There are sixteen sub-hells at the fourth court including Waist Chop, Tongue Removal, Boiling Pond, Mouth-stabbing, Skin-peeling, Sword Tree, Burning Wheels and Cart, Eye-shooting, etc. Next, at the fifth court, sinful souls are allowed to ascend the Tower of Hometown-Viewing to take a final look of their family. The visitor will witness sub-hells of Knee-striking, Heart-slicing, Blade Mountain, Flying Swords and Burning Stones, etc. The King of Bian City takes charge of the sixth court, which is also known as the “Great Hell of Screaming,” with sub-hells including Fire Cattle, Tiger-Biting, Kidney-Eating, Mouth-Poking, Throat-Nailing, Iron Mill, Decapitation, etc. The King of Tai-shan is in charge of the seventh court, the “Great Hell of Heat and Fire.” The sixteen sub-hells at this court include Finger-Searing, Bowel-Hauling, Stone-Bearing, Boiling Oil, Tongue-Removal and Cheek-Piercing, etc. Next, the King Du-shi is in charge of the eighth court, the “Great Hell of Intense Fire and Heat,” and the sub-hells including Fire Dogs, Molten Iron, Iron Snakes, Dismemberment, Steel Spikes, Burning-Marrow, Iron Ball, Scale, etc. The ninth court is ruled by the King Ping-deng. It is known as the biggest court, Avici Hell (the Hell of Incessant Suffering), which if the lowest level of the hell realm and the interior is gloomily and terrifyingly dark. Those who committed the most serious evil deed will be sent to the Avici Hell. Sub-hells such as Poisonous Snake, Brain-Removal, Crow-Gnawing, Raining Needles, Wasps and Scorpions are included at this court. After arriving the tenth court, ruled by the Great King of the Reincarnation Palace, one can visit the “Observatory of Life on earth” and the “eight bureaus of the Reincarnation Palace” (including the Bureau of Judicial Control, the Bureau of Good-Actions, the Bureau of Bad-Actions, the Bureau of Debts, Gratitude, and Vengeance, the Bureau of Longevity and Destiny, the Bureau of Familial Ties, the Bureau of the Reincarnated, and the Bureau of Birth). The sinful one will be sent to the Pavilion of Mengpo and made to drink the Soup of Forgetfulness to forget all past affairs. According to the sinful one’s merits of previous life, they will go across one of the six bridges (gold, silver, jade, stone, wood, bamboo) to the “Reincarnation-Wheel (Wheel on the Crimson River).” Finally, one is able to reborn in the six realms. According to the Aṣṭadaśa nāraka sutra ( the Eighteen Hells Sutra), after one passes away, they will enter an intermediate and transitional state between death and rebirth, known as antarābhava in Sanskrit, for forty-nine days. The being will be evaluated by Yama, who will decide if one should get reborn or get punished at the hell. Those who committed the Five Grave Offenses (killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an Arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, and creating a schism within the community of Buddhist monks and nun who practice for attaining enlightenment.) will be sent to the Avici Hell and stay there eternally. Kṣitigarbha is the Lord of the Nether World, ruling the ten court of Hell. The lord will set up the “Hall of Teaching” at each court to salvage those sinful ones who still obtain few merits at the offering rituals.
Human beings live the Sahā world (sahāloka in Sanskrit, meaning “endurance of suffering,” a concept of mundane world in Mahāyāna Buddhism) where they share with other reincarnations (including beings of the hells, of the preta, and of malevolent nature spirits) with five turbidities (the Kalpa turbidity, the view turbidity, the affliction turbidity, the living beings turbidity, and the life turbidity). Those who commit the ten evil deeds (killing, stealing, adultery, lying, using immoral language, slandering, equivocating, coveting, anger, and false views) must fall into the three evil paths (animals, preta, and hell). However, how can one escape from the three realms/ twenty-eight heavens (including the six heavens of the desire realm, the eighteen heavens of the form realm, and the four heavens of the formless realm)? Worldly people who don’t have such an awareness cannot leave the cycle of the twelve nidanas (meaning causes or motivations), let alone eliminate the eighty-one afflictions (that have been produced due to misunderstanding regarding reality) and the eighty-eight illusions (including five afflictions of advanced practitioners, also known as five views: view of self, extreme view, evil view, view of attachment to views, and view of morality; and five unintelligent temptations: desire, anger, stupidity, arrogance, and doubt) of thought within the three realms and four Arya satyas (noble truths, including suffering, arising, ending, and path). They cannot realize that the essence of the five skandhas (referring to aggregates of clinging, including the matter of form, sensation, recognition, mental formation, and consciousness) , the twelve ayatana (meaning sense base, including six internal bases: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind and six external bases: visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects), and the eighteen dhātavah (meaning compositional elements of human existence, including six consciousness, six faculties, and their objects) are the emptiness and the void. Furthermore, they cannot dispel the two reasons for clinging to the idea of the self and the attachment to elemental constructs and even believe in the two (false) tenets that that karma and nirvana are not real and that the ego and phenomena are real. As a consequence, they fail to develop the eleven wholesome mental factors (faith, energy, conscience, being ashamed, non-attachment, non-aggression, non-delusion, calmness, equanimity, conscientiousness, and non-injuriousness) and cease the sixteen unwholesome mental factors (desire, greed, anger, delusion, arrogance, doubt, wrong view, wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, vexation, jealousy, parsimony, deceit, flattery, harming, ambitiousness, stupidity, lacking of faith, idleness, being unrestrained, forgetting, distraction, non-discernment, ). One must bear in mind that once all our virtuous roots are discontinued, they will be trapped in the never-ending reincarnation and the suffering of infinite continuity.
Is it possible that the hell will be empty one day? If the beings in hell will become extinct while evil spirits inhabit the mundane world, the world could be considered as a pure land. If we could witness the nature of the void, then hell will exist no more.
Since ancient times, the concept of hell has been widely spread among all tribes. Aging, death, beginning, and end are the basis of nature and the core of cosmic consciousness. However, the prosperous civilization as our island is not a place where desire can be eliminated. It’s impossible to eradicate evil nature. Since fetters brought by the constitution, the state, the law, society, the military, corporations, schools, families, and groups are not less than the eighteen levels of hell, the mortals repress themselves, bury their feelings. Day after day, greed, anger, stupidity, arrogance, doubt, and resentment are stacking. However, since the six dust (visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects) has not yet been extinguished, people in the mundane world are still full of delusions. The demons, devils, evil spirits, and the wondering dead exist in the wilderness, while only advanced practitioners with transcendent would attempt to make contact with the dead in the wasteland and forest. Worldly people like us trespass in Disneyland-like man-made hell. It is absurd and ridiculous that the hellish scenes cannot stop us from perpetrating evil deeds, but the horrific and cruel scenes yet satisfy our self-righteous shame.
The pandemic has been boiling over for more than a year and a half. The number of infected patients worldwide is nearly a hundred and eighty million, and the death toll has risen to four million, which is equivalent to a war crisis. I hope that we can all be compassionate, give peace to the dead, treat all sentient beings well and equally. The hell is innately empty; however, deluded and misleading thoughts would give rise to all jealousy and hatred and then manifest the hell before us. This book merely serves as a memorandum of conscience for dictators of the world’s new cold war, supporters of unrestrained warfare, dark web hackers, and those who are cunning and contemptuous and maltreat others when knowing they have problems.
June 2021,
Yao Jui-chung
the walking dead 手 遊 在 ViVi 芝衣 Youtube 的最讚貼文
嘻嘻~過關就是開心d(d'∀')
真的是辛辛苦苦捏~
一起來拉幫結黨吧!隨時歡迎你棉~
下載連結👉 https://twds-tw.onelink.me/ARME/othermb2
#陰屍路
#陰屍路倖存者
#策略手遊遊戲
#正版漫畫授
#VVVVV
陰屍路#1:https://youtu.be/Uq06JhvDzmY
陰屍路#2:https://youtu.be/CcJnzQjth7c
陰屍路#3:https://youtu.be/xIu2-SmEEP8
陰屍路#4:https://youtu.be/vUrfpQnyjwg
陰屍路#5:https://youtu.be/UmB37AL4EGM
陰屍路#6:https://youtu.be/phBiIEz1Sd0
陰屍路#7:https://youtu.be/6TFU3Gi_wK0
ⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥ
我是vivi
如果你喜歡我的影片或 我
記得訂閱我的yt
和以下你開心的方式發搂我
^~^
ⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥ
twitch🤜🏻 https://www.twitch.tv/vivi0z1
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the walking dead 手 遊 在 ViVi 芝衣 Youtube 的最讚貼文
找到爸爸了(*‘ v`*)
你們不准再欺負我!!!
(還是天天開防護罩好了)
一起來結盟對抗惡勢力吧!
下載連結👉 https://twds-tw.onelink.me/ARME/othermb2
#陰屍路
#陰屍路倖存者
#策略手遊遊戲
#正版漫畫授
#VVVVV
陰屍路#1:https://youtu.be/Uq06JhvDzmY
陰屍路#2:https://youtu.be/CcJnzQjth7c
陰屍路#3:https://youtu.be/xIu2-SmEEP8
陰屍路#4:https://youtu.be/vUrfpQnyjwg
陰屍路#5:https://youtu.be/UmB37AL4EGM
陰屍路#6:https://youtu.be/phBiIEz1Sd0
陰屍路#7:你正在看(๑•̀ㅂ•́)و
陰屍路#8:https://youtu.be/AcgOPW48Ajc
ⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥ
我是vivi
如果你喜歡我的影片或 我
記得訂閱我的yt
和以下你開心的方式發搂我
^~^
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twitch🤜🏻 https://www.twitch.tv/vivi0z1
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the walking dead 手 遊 在 ViVi 芝衣 Youtube 的最佳貼文
架架~馬車GO!
輕輕鬆鬆抓到啦(ゝ∀・)
這遊戲還可以語音廣播~真是高科技!
戰力衝衝衝!快來成為鋼鐵V寶呦!
下載連結👉 https://twds-tw.onelink.me/ARME/othermb2
#陰屍路
#陰屍路倖存者
#策略手遊遊戲
#正版漫畫授
#VVVVV
陰屍路#1:https://youtu.be/Uq06JhvDzmY
陰屍路#2:https://youtu.be/CcJnzQjth7c
陰屍路#3:https://youtu.be/xIu2-SmEEP8
陰屍路#4:https://youtu.be/vUrfpQnyjwg
陰屍路#5:https://youtu.be/UmB37AL4EGM
陰屍路#6:你正在看(๑•̀ㅂ•́)و
陰屍路#7:https://youtu.be/6TFU3Gi_wK0
陰屍路#8:https://youtu.be/AcgOPW48Ajc
ⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥ
我是vivi
如果你喜歡我的影片或 我
記得訂閱我的yt
和以下你開心的方式發搂我
^~^
ⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥⓥ
twitch🤜🏻 https://www.twitch.tv/vivi0z1
IG🤜🏻 https://www.instagram.com/vivi0z1/
YT🤜🏻 https://reurl.cc/LlKWX
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