相信大家都知道吸菸有害身體健康
那你知道對於貓咪傷害更大嗎?!
對於貓咪的影響大概有以下3點↓
🍀1.貓咪長期吸入二手菸
得到貓咪淋巴癌的機率大約是2.4-3.2倍
貓的淋巴系統是一個很複雜的東西
要診斷出來也相對困難,要做血液、尿液檢查、胸腹腔X光以及腹腔超音波等等...
不但花錢又要折磨貓咪。
🍀2.敏感症狀
包含常常貓咪打噴嚏、流鼻水、免疫力下降、分泌物過多、貓泡疹、口炎樣樣來,需要長期的治療才有可能痊癒...
🍀3.三手菸危害
三手菸指的是空氣中的二手菸沉澱在環境中的物質
貓咪的毛也會沾到這些有害物質
透過舌頭理毛他們會吃進去肚子裡,造成口腔癌
或是口腔細胞病變等
所以,站長呼籲貓奴們還是少抽菸比較好
以「吸貓代替吸菸」,才能保障貓咪與你的健康喔!⚠️
註1:
Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Risk of Malignant Lymphoma in Pet Cats Elizabeth R. Bertone, Laura A. Snyder, Antony S. Moore
American Journal of Epidemiology, August 2002
#貓 #貓吸菸 #二手菸 #三手菸 #貓繪圖 #白貓 #貓咪健康 #療癒 #貓咪插畫 #貓咪知識
同時也有2部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過3萬的網紅[email protected],也在其Youtube影片中提到,中風與認知障礙症 - 陳鎮中內科專科專科醫生@FindDoc.com FindDoc Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/FindDoc FindDoc WeChat : 快徳健康香港 FindDoc FindDoc Instagram:@finddoch...
「american journal of epidemiology」的推薦目錄:
- 關於american journal of epidemiology 在 貓與工程師 Facebook 的最讚貼文
- 關於american journal of epidemiology 在 Mr. Muscular - 你的網上健身百科全書 Facebook 的精選貼文
- 關於american journal of epidemiology 在 李雪雯的健康財富百寶箱 Facebook 的最佳解答
- 關於american journal of epidemiology 在 [email protected] Youtube 的精選貼文
- 關於american journal of epidemiology 在 夠維根Go Vegan Youtube 的精選貼文
- 關於american journal of epidemiology 在 American Journal of Epidemiology | Facebook 的評價
- 關於american journal of epidemiology 在 styles/american-journal-of-epidemiology.csl at master - GitHub 的評價
american journal of epidemiology 在 Mr. Muscular - 你的網上健身百科全書 Facebook 的精選貼文
年紀和肌肉發展的關係
年紀大等於較小訓練效果⁉️
🤔🤔🤔
頂級運動員退休的原因是他們太老嗎?
頂級運動員年齡平均值為20多歲[10]。而奧林匹克舉重選手的年齡平均值為26歲 。[9]但我們細心想想,頂級運動員退休的原因通常都是傷患、有關藥物使用的風險(drug-related health risks)、較佳的工作機會等等...
當我們更加深入探討有關力量和肌肥大的時候,我們會發現健力運動員都會在35歲(平均值)時達到最佳的狀態[11]。而有關健美運動員的研究不多,但當我們細心觀察那些傑出的健美選手時,會發現他們達到職業巔峰的時期通常都是在30-40多歲。
例子:Ronnie Coleman, Phil Heath, Dorian Yates, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Jay Cutler...
💪🏻💪🏻💪🏻
標題: Association of age with muscle size and strength before and after short-term resistance training in young adults [2]
圖2
研究背景
研究對象為18至39歲的男性和女性,使用磁力共振掃描(MRI)檢測肱二頭肌橫截面面積和測試肘屈肌群的一下最大力量(1RM),然後進行為期12星期的單邊手臂(非主用手)重量訓練。
訓練期結束後,再次使用磁力共振掃描(MRI)檢測肱二頭肌橫截面面積和測試肘屈肌群的一下最大力量。對比訓練前和訓練後的結果,最後得出當中的改變。
圖2A, 對象的肱二頭肌經歷12星期的重量訓練後,都有所增長。而各年齡層的肌肉增長沒有實際分別。在成年初期,年齡不會影響肌肉對重量訓練的反應。
圖2B,
年紀和二頭彎舉一下最大力量(1RM)有着負相聯的關係。
標題: Epidemiology of Sarcopenia [1]
研究背景及設計:
在明尼蘇達州的人群研究 (population-based study in Rochester, Minnesota)
年齡層抽樣方式提取數據 (Age stratified sample of men and women from the community)
😨😨😨
大眾而言,肌少症在大約20歲開始。不論性別,隨着人們年紀的增長,肌肉量都會穩定地下降。
既然肌少症在20歲開始...但是為什麼健力和健美運動員會在30~40多歲時達到運動表現的巔峰?
流失肌肉量·真正的成因⁉️
研究要點✅
1️⃣引致肌少症的主要成因,包括缺乏運動的生活方式和營養不良。[7]
2️⃣年紀令肌肉機能弱化,不使用(遺棄 disuse)肌肉會加劇這個問題 [8]
3️⃣要點:長期不使用肌肉(chronic disuse),是肌肉量流失和力量下降最主要的成因,並非老化(aging) [6]
4️⃣年紀不影響肌肉對力量訓練的反應 [4]
5️⃣年輕和老年的女性有着差不多的肌肥大及力量增長 [5]
6️⃣年輕和老年的個體有著差不多的肌肥大增長 [3]
CrMenno Henselmanselmans
🔥🔥🔥
「年紀是心靈勝於物質的問題,如果你不在乎,就無所謂。」 Age is an issue of mind over matter. If you don't mind, it doesn't matter.
如有興趣深入了解各研究的背景,可以參閱Reference部份中的文章‼️
Reference
1. III, L.J.M., Khosla, S., Crowson, C.S., O'Connor, M.K., O'Fallon, W.M. and Riggs, B.L. (2000), Epidemiology of Sarcopenia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 48: 625-630. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb04719.x
2. Lowndes J, Carpenter RL, Zoeller RF, Seip RL, Moyna NM, Price TB, Clarkson PM, Gordon PM, Pescatello LS, Visich PS, Devaney JM, Gordish-Dressman H, Hoffman EP, Thompson PD, Angelopoulos TJ. Association of age with muscle size and strength before and after short-term resistance training in young adults. J Strength Cond Res. 2009 Oct;23(7):1915-20. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b94b35. PMID: 19749605; PMCID: PMC4103410.
3. Ivey FM, Roth SM, Ferrell RE, Tracy BL, Lemmer JT, Hurlbut DE, Martel GF, Siegel EL, Fozard JL, Jeffrey Metter E, Fleg JL, Hurley BF. Effects of age, gender, and myostatin genotype on the hypertrophic response to heavy resistance strength training. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2000 Nov;55(11):M641-8. doi: 10.1093/gerona/55.11.m641. PMID: 11078093.
4. Mayhew DL, Kim JS, Cross JM, Ferrando AA, Bamman MM. Translational signaling responses preceding resistance training-mediated myofiber hypertrophy in young and old humans. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009;107(5):1655-1662. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.91234.2008
5. Loenneke, J.P., Rossow, L.M., Fahs, C.A., Thiebaud, R.S., Grant Mouser, J. and Bemben, M.G. (2017), Time‐course of muscle growth, and its relationship with muscle strength in both young and older women. Geriatr Gerontol Int, 17: 2000-2007. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.13010
6. Andrew P. Wroblewski, Francesca Amati, Mark A. Smiley, Bret Goodpaster & Vonda Wright (2011) Chronic Exercise Preserves Lean Muscle Mass in Masters Athletes, The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 39:3, 172-178, DOI: 10.3810/psm.2011.09.1933
7. Kim JS, Wilson JM, Lee SR. Dietary implications on mechanisms of sarcopenia: roles of protein, amino acids and antioxidants. J Nutr Biochem. 2010 Jan;21(1):1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.06.014. Epub 2009 Oct 1. PMID: 19800212.
8. Venturelli M, Saggin P, Muti E, Naro F, Cancellara L, Toniolo L, Tarperi C, Calabria E, Richardson RS, Reggiani C, Schena F. In vivo and in vitro evidence that intrinsic upper- and lower-limb skeletal muscle function is unaffected by ageing and disuse in oldest-old humans. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2015 Sep;215(1):58-71. doi: 10.1111/apha.12524. Epub 2015 May 28. PMID: 25965867; PMCID: PMC4516639.
9. Huebner M, Perperoglou A. Performance Development From Youth to Senior and Age of Peak Performance in Olympic Weightlifting. Front Physiol. 2019;10:1121. Published 2019 Aug 27. doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01121
10. Age of Peak Competitive Performance of Elite Athletes: A Systematic Review
11. Peak Age and Performance Progression in World-Class Weightlifting and Powerlifting Athletes
額外閱讀:https://mennohenselmans.com/how-bad-is-aging-for-your-gains/
american journal of epidemiology 在 李雪雯的健康財富百寶箱 Facebook 的最佳解答
「在發表於American Journal of Epidemiology的報告中,研究人員收集了來美國癌症學會健康預防研究中近12.8萬人隨訪21年的大數據,結果顯示,久坐容易增加癌症、冠心病、中風、糖尿病、腎臟疾病、自殺、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD) 、吸入性肺炎、肝病、消化性潰瘍及其他消化系統疾病、帕金森病、阿茲海默病、神經系統疾病、肌肉骨骼疾病等14種疾病的致命風險。」
american journal of epidemiology 在 [email protected] Youtube 的精選貼文
中風與認知障礙症 - 陳鎮中內科專科專科醫生@FindDoc.com
FindDoc Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/FindDoc
FindDoc WeChat : 快徳健康香港 FindDoc
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(一)中風後會引致認知障礙症? 00:06
(二)如何延緩認知障礙症的發生及惡化? 01:30
(三)如何及早發現認知障礙症? 03:19
(本短片作健康教育之用,並不可取代任何醫療診斷或治療。治療成效因人而異,如有疑問,請向專業醫療人士諮詢。)
參考資料:
1. Sun, J., Tan, L., & Yu, J. (2014). Post-stroke cognitive impairment: epidemiology, mechanisms and management. Annals of translational medicine, 2 8, 80.
2. Alvarez-Sabin, J., & Roman, G. C. (2010). Citicoline in Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Vascular Dementia After Stroke. Stroke, 42(1, Supplement 1). doi:10.1161/strokeaha.110.606509
3. Department of Health. (2020). Dementia. Retrieved March 20, 2020 from https://www.elderly.gov.hk/english/common_health_problems/dementia/dementia.html
4. HKADA. (2020). Treatment. Retrieved March 20, 2020 from https://www.hkada.org.hk/treatment
5. Saver, J. L. (2008). Citicoline: Update on a Promising and Widely Available Agent for Neuroprotection and Neurorepair. Reviews in Neurological Diseases, 5(4), 167-177.
6. Alvarez-Sabín, J., Ortega, G., Jacas, C., Santamarina, E., Maisterra, O., Ribo, M., . . . Román, G. C. (2013). Long-Term Treatment with Citicoline May Improve Poststroke Vascular Cognitive Impairment. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 35(2), 146-154. doi:10.1159/000346602
7. Alvarez-Sabín, J., Santamarina, E., Maisterra, O., Jacas, C., Molina, C., & Quintana, M. (2016). Long-Term Treatment with Citicoline Prevents Cognitive Decline and Predicts a Better Quality of Life after a First Ischemic Stroke. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(3), 390. doi:10.3390/ijms17030390
8. Ngandu, T., Lehtisalo, J., Solomon, A., Levälahti, E., Ahtiluoto, S., & Antikainen, R. et al. (2015). A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 385(9984), 2255-2263. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60461-5
9. Nasreddine, Z. S., Phillips, N. A., Bã©Dirian, V. R., Charbonneau, S., Whitehead, V., Collin, I., … Chertkow, H. (2005). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: A Brief Screening Tool For Mild Cognitive Impairment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53(4), 695–699. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x
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american journal of epidemiology 在 夠維根Go Vegan Youtube 的精選貼文
這是個常見的迷思,不只一般的民眾會搞混
連專業的醫療人員都不太清楚...
FB粉絲專頁:https://www.facebook.com/GoVeganTW
提倡一種新的生活態度,透過動畫宣導"動物權利"!
特別感謝"台灣素食營養學會"贊助
臺灣素食營養學會官網:http://www.twvns.org/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
【參考資料】
不吃肉蛋白質夠嗎?http://www.twvns.org/info/faq/25-2008-08-20-03-38-47
顛覆你的觀念!你真的知道怎麼吃蛋白質?: www.twvns.org/info/faq/266-2015-06-17-09-32-20
告訴你~痛風要吃黃豆的理由: www.twvns.org/info/faq/213-2015-04-17-07-41-12
乳癌不能吃黃豆? https://youtu.be/ie3pVBvnIEM
1. 每日蛋白質需求量:
http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/~/media/Files/Activity%20Files/Nutrition/DRIs/DRI_Macronutrients.pdf
2. 豆類的優點(預防疾病、營養素):
Messina V. Nutritional and health benefits of dried beans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Jul;100 Suppl 1:437S-42S. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.071472. Epub 2014 May 28.
3. 痛風可以吃豆類:
Teng GG, Pan A, Yuan JM, Koh WP. Food Sources of Protein and Risk of Incident Gout in the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015 Jul;67(7):1933-42. doi: 10.1002/art.39115.
4. 美國痛風研究:
Choi HK, Atkinson K, Karlson EW, Willett W, Curhan G. Purine-rich foods, dairy and protein intake, and the risk of gout in men. N Engl J Med. 2004 Mar 11;350(11):1093-103.
Messina M, Messina VL, Chan P. Soyfoods, hyperuricemia and gout: a review of the epidemiologic and clinical data. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2011;20(3):347-58.Review.
5. 日本痛風研究:
Yamakita J, Yamamoto T, Moriwaki Y, Takahashi S, Tsutsumi Z, Higashino K. Effect of Tofu (bean curd) ingestion and on uric acid metabolism in healthy and gouty subjects. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1998;431:839-42.
6. 乳癌研究:
Caan BJ, Natarajan L, Parker B et al. (2011) Soy food consumption and breast cancer prognosis. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 20, 854-858.
Doyle C, Kushi LH, Byers T et al. (2006) Nutrition and physical activity during and after cancer treatment: an American Cancer Society guide for informed choices. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians 56, 323-353.
Guha N, Kwan ML, Quesenberry CP, Jr. et al. (2009) Soy isoflavones and risk of cancer recurrence in a cohort of breast cancer survivors: the Life After Cancer Epidemiology study. Breast cancer research and treatment 118, 395-405.
Hsieh CY, Santell RC, Haslam SZ et al. (1998) Estrogenic effects of genistein on the growth of estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer research 58, 3833-3838.
Rock CL, Doyle C, Demark-Wahnefried W et al. (2012) Nutrition and physical activity guidelines for cancer survivors. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians 62, 243-274.
Setchell KD, Brown NM, Zhao X et al. (2011) Soy isoflavone phase II metabolism differs between rodents and humans: implications for the effect on breast cancer risk. The American journal of clinical nutrition 94, 1284-1294.
Shu XO, Zheng Y, Cai H et al. (2009) Soy food intake and breast cancer survival. Jama 302, 2437-2443.
7.吃素節能減碳:
Ruini LF, Ciati R, Pratesi CA, Marino M, Principato L, Vannuzzi E. Working toward Healthy and Sustainable Diets: The "Double Pyramid Model" Developed by the Barilla Center for Food and Nutrition to Raise Awareness about the Environmental and Nutritional Impact of Foods. Front Nutr. 2015 May 4;29.
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american journal of epidemiology 在 styles/american-journal-of-epidemiology.csl at master - GitHub 的推薦與評價
Official repository for Citation Style Language (CSL) citation styles. - styles/american-journal-of-epidemiology.csl at master ... ... <看更多>
american journal of epidemiology 在 American Journal of Epidemiology | Facebook 的推薦與評價
American Journal of Epidemiology 。 4695 個讚· 7 人正在談論這個。 Founded in 1920 by W. H. Welch and W. H. Howell as the American Journal of Hygiene at the ... ... <看更多>