「地獄空」攝影集即將在八月中元節前出版,由知名設計師與攝影家黃子欽設計,內附在下二位高徒精美繪製符咒、心經版畫書籤、愣嚴咒牌、尊勝咒語...等,感恩十方大德助印,希望疫情退散,平安喜樂,後記如下:
野放台灣五十餘年,貪狼獨坐,三方四正殺破狼格局,少年多舛,白手起家,隨展覽雲遊四海,如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返,遂設幻影堂自詡堂主,一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」,常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鍾情黑白世界之單純,彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘,了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝,雖非仙人,亦無道骨,初聞離垢地生清淨心,但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠,待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢《巨神連線》,心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到,意識死神隨伺在側,人生苦短,如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒……總不得解,蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜,聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃,甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎,禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘,台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜(佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教&大同教、儒教鑾堂、天帝教&天德教、慈惠堂&勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山……)、神棍橫行(依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫),因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜,但地獄造景稀少,後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人,各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味,意境乖張溢於言表,造型扭曲非常人所能塑也,然匠心獨運、自成一格,專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美,絲毫不輸喬托(Giotto di Bondone,1267~1337)乃至米開朗基羅(Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564)矣。
創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱,雖主祀四面佛,儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊,可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像,安太歲自不在話下,甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深,1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍,行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關,只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地,十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台,粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格,尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂,該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯(包青天),陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解,求破懸案者眾,逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸,全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中,四周環繞墓地,適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮(1971)地府則是首座電動地府,規模精小但驚嚇度破表,略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍,出自已故台南大道長金登富之作,而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外,乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面,尊尊栩栩如生,續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道,造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」(阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像)旁設靜態十殿閻羅(1970年代初),雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存,續往上行可抵「證菩提道-釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區,一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時,琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心,世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐 阻擋大軍進攻之路,但因緣果報無法逆轉,昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加,還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘遭屠殺,遂以缽盛救度五百族人,最終卻化為血水,佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力,因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐,目犍連遂展神通救渡,但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火,佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日,於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾,因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會 」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌,既渡亡魂也自懺悔。
台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗,不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂(1979年興建,1983年開放),燈光絢爛、聲響駭人,獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」,至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形,睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿 」判案定奪,觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截……等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄……兼遊「四生(胎、卵、濕、化)回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼……等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石……小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」,轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭……等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」,窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮……等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤……等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」,直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿,皆為極犯,另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍……等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」(查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司)後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事,依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺(紫河車)」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據《十八泥犁經》記載,人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」,經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫,犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄(阿鼻地獄)」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主,統轄十殿閻羅,逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。
人類居於五趣(阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄)雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界,犯十惡業(殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴)者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」(欲界、色界、無色界)二十八天?凡人無此意識,別說能破「十二因緣」(無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死)還滅門,更別想斷除「四聖諦」(苦、集、滅、道)集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑(五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑),了悟「五蘊」(色、受、想、行、識)本空、「十二入」(眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法)空、「十八界」空,破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執,生十一處「善心所」(信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害),降二十六處「惡心所」(貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知),須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。
地獄可能空滅嗎?若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪,地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土?若能證空性何處現地獄?
地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間,老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心,然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所,惡性所及實無可根除,礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層,乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷,暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄,心多妄念,妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間,會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉,我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄,三魂七魄尚不足以出竅,驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧,豈不謬哉?
病毒肆虐年半有餘,全球確診者逼近一億八千萬,枉死者近四百萬,堪比戰爭規模,望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空,唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。
姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節
Postscript
I have been living recklessly in Taiwan for more than fifty years. According to Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology), Tan Lang is the sole star in my house of Self. This star, which represents xxx, forms an equilateral triangle with that star Qi Sha and Po Jun on the square chart and constitutes a Sha Po Lang pattern. The pattern indicates a kind of turbulence and change, a life of wandering with ups and downs and it tells a lot about my life. After my ill-fated youth, I started from scratch and traveled around the world with exhibitions that I participated. Like a flaneur, I wandered around ruins, nature, and temples with every type of film camera obliviously. Thus, I founded the Hall of Illusion and claimed to be the master of the hall. Several times a day, I pondered a quote from the Diamond Sutra, “Everything with form is unreal.” In addition, I usually stayed in the darkroom developing film and enlarging those negatives overnight. However, I treasured the simplicity of the black and white world. The earthly, gaudy, garish, phony and pleasing qualities within colored photos make the images even more realistic than the real world. It is not my cup of tea, so I seldom took colored photos. In Confucian thought, the age of fifty marks the stage knowing the mandate of Heaven. I am now at my fifties and realize how ephemeral human life is. However, I am not an immortal, nor having sagelike characteristics. I just learned that the stage of stainless (the second bhūmi) and develop a pure mind that is free from doubt and defilement. However, I’m still far from the immovable state and need to practice.
In the summer of 2017, after filming the work Incarnation, I experienced a severe heart rhythm problem which almost triggered myocardial infarction and could have killed me. Consequently, I realized that death was waiting for me and the life is too short to figure out how I can liberate myself from the cycle of Birth and Death. I couldn’t comprehend how to be free from all afflictions and worries and how to avoid delusive ideas. I wept for three days and nights after being enlightened by Shakyamuni Buddha. Up to the moment, I felt ashamed that I failed to realize that the self is as insignificant as dust after these years learning and practicing Buddhism. Since then, I have visited famous temples and monasteries in my spare time, worshiping Buddha, Bodhisattvas, arhats, and all the deities and immortals. Taiwan’s temples are myriad with a enormous number of sects, including Buddhism, Taoism, Yiguandao, Catholicism, Christianity, Chinese religions of fasting, Islam& Baháʼí Faith, Confucianism, Tiandiism& Tian-De Teachings, Xiwangmu cult, Yellow Emperor Sect, Precosmic Salvationism, Liism, World Wide Ethical Society, séance cult, etc. Some people even claim that they can mediate communication between the deities or spirits of the dead with human beings, having their believer rely on themselves instead of the orthodox dharma or dogma and pay excessive respect and admiration for the mediums or objects, accumulating wealth through such an unfair means or even harassing their believer sexually. Due to Taiwan’s historical changes, social turbulence, political struggles, and ideological issues, Buddhism and Taoism are somehow mixed. However, there are few emphases on the concept of the hell. As I took photographs of Yama of each court, judges, wardens of the underworld, jailers, General Fan and Hsieh (the ghost escorts) and all sinners, I found few temples cleverly created hellish scenes that are intriguing, exaggerating, and extraordinary. However, the creations are unparalleled unique. I have been studying Western arts for decades and then I came to realize that simplicity makes the most beautiful works of art. These hellish scenes can even compete with works of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) and Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564).
Jingang Temple Shimen District, founded in 1986, overlooks the beautiful North shore. Although the temple is mainly dedicated to Phra Phrom (the Thai representation of Mahabrahma), spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism can also be founded in the temple. The worshipper can go cross the Seven Star bridge to relieve bad luck, walk along the five hundred arhat statues and knock on the gong to affirm one’s Buddha nature. Furthermore, the worshipper can also prostrate themself before Asia’s largest statue of Buddha in Nirvana (the Reclining Buddha statue) and pacify the Taoist Tai Sui deity of the year. I was impressed by the Jia-Zi Tai Sui General that a pair of palms grow out of his eyes. In 1994, the biō-kong (the person taking charge of the temporal affairs of a temple) received a divine inspiration from Yama (the King of Hell) that he had to build a sacred hall in the shape of a divine dragon, with the interior designed according to the World of Ultimate Bliss and the Underworld. When the visitor walks in the dark hallway, they will see the tortured people (dioramas, of course) scrunching their faces and crying bitterly and loudly in excessive grief as the visitor triggers the mechanism. One will even find them in the midst of flesh, body liquid and blood, mutilated limbs, and rotten corpses. While each of the ten Yamas are focusing on their own duties, showing their sacred dignity that collect visitors’ attention. The Baogong Temple in Linkou District, New Taipei City exclusively features colorful depiction of hellish scenes in relief in Taiwan. With its pastel shades and cartoon-like style, the relief is both grotesque and adorable at the same time. This temple is dedicated to Bao Zhen (also known as Justice Bao) representing the incarnation of Yama. Living people who have been treated unjustly can come worshipping Bao Gong and receive exorcism. Therefore, many people come here for seeking to solve unsolved cases. In Zhongyuan Festival (the ghost festival), the temple will burn the Zhizha (paper craft) boat to ferry the ghosts to the other shore, which is the shore of enlightenment. The only giant statue of Yama in Taiwan is still in the making. The temple is surrounded by a cemetery, suitable for meditating on the loathsomeness and impurity. Nantian Temple (1971), located next to the Eight Trigram Mountains Buddha in Changhua, features the first animatronic underworld. Despite the small size, the animatronic underworld is intensely shocking. Though it’s slightly worn, the colorful dioramas are still brutally ferocious. The creator was the late venerable Dao Zhang (Taoist priest) Jing Deng-fu while the origin of animatronic deities can be traced back to the 1960s Beigang Chaotian Temple. On the contrary, the Whiteman Toothpaste Tourism Factory in Shuishang Township, Chiayi, features ten Yamas with individual booth. The place is unexpectedly clean and polished yet keeps a simple and modest tone. Then, the Dragon Pagoda of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas at Lotus Lake in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, holds the only relief of hellish scenes made of Kochin ceramic. All the figures are vivid and life-like. If one goes further into the pagoda, they will see a relief tunnel of the thirty-three incarnations of the white-robed form of Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) on a white lotus, with a lovely and interesting design. Another Hall of Yama is built in the 1970s next to the entrance of Dagangshan Chaofeng Temple, located in the Alian District of Kaohsiung. Visitors will also see three statues of the Three Holy Ones of the Western Pureland (Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta) which assemble at a lotus pond. Although the hellish scene looks somewhat antiquated, you may still find its previous charm. If one goes further, they will reach the sculptural garden of “Attaining the Bodhi Way: the Incarnation of Sakyamuni Buddha,” where the visitor can see the essence of Bhagavato’s (meaning the Blessed one, one of the common epithets for Buddha) life. When Tathāgata (another epithet for Buddha) was old, the king of Kosala wanted to avenge the arrogance of the tribe of Shakyas who had long despised him, regarding him as a son of a maiden. Although Buddha has sat in lotus position alone three times to stop the army from attacking his tribe. However, one can never reverse the cause and following karma. The prince born of a maiden was so furious that he eventually destroyed his homeland. Maudgalyāyana (one of the Buddha’s closest disciples), who is said to have had supernatural abilities that surpassed the other disciples, could not bear to see the slaughter of innocent people. Thus, he saved five hundred people of his tribe with a pātra (an eating utensil of Buddhist monks). Unfortunately, everything he did was in vain, those who were saved eventually turned into a puddle of blood. The Buddha said that the supernatural abilities cannot surpass the power of karma. The cause and effect work all the time. When Maudgalyāyana’s mother fell into the path of hungry ghost, he used his supernatural abilities to save his mother from hunger. However, all the food turned into fire before being fed to his mother. Later, the Buddha commanded the monks to put nectar and dishes in a basin on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar for the monks from all directions to free his mother from reincarnation. In later times, the Ullambana Dharma Service, the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance, and the Yoga Collection for Feeding the Searing Mouths Dharma Service are rituals to eliminate karmic hindrance and to cease to worldly delusions. Through such practices, one can free the dead as well as confess their repentance.
Madou Daitian Temple is a magnificent and colorful temple in Tainan. Not only can the worshippers visit the eighteen levels of Hell but also the Heaven (it was built in 1979 and inaugurated in 1983) here. The lighting and sound effects are stunning and frightening. When walking alone in the space, one may feel like taking a Guan Luo Yin trip (a Taoist necromancy which leads people’s spirits to hell and communicate with the dead ones) to visit the underworld prison. Before arriving the first court of the underworld, the visitor will walk through the Mountain of Heart Summit, the Pure Heart Pond, the Frontier between the Living and the Dead Realms, the Soul Registry Hall, the Portico of Demons, the Center for Complementary Teaching of Canonical Books, the Citadel of Premature Death, and the Bridge of Vanity. When one arrives at the first court, they will see King Chin-guang, who is in charge of the court, using the Mirror of Retribution to show the earthly form of evil creatures and also witness the sub-hell of Pillar-Holding and Fire Bed, etc. At the second court, King Chu-jiang collates the register of sins the souls of the dead have committed to impose the punishments. Here, you will see the sub-hell of Excrement and Urine, Hungry Ghost, Burning Dance Floor, Ice, Pus and Blood, Whipping, Tongue-Raking, Sword Blade, Stomach-Piercing, Chopping, etc. Next, the dead at the third court, ruled by King Song-di, will receive the punishments including inversion tortures, face-skinning with steel and copper knife, eye-wrenching, pounding, blood-sucking, rib-piercing, roasting, tendon-taking, being eaten by maggots. The visitor can pay a visit to the Palace of Soul-Resuscitation for the Four Forms of Creatures (birth from an egg, birth from a womb, birth from moisture, and birth by transformation). King Wu-guan is in charge of the fourth court. There are sixteen sub-hells at the fourth court including Waist Chop, Tongue Removal, Boiling Pond, Mouth-stabbing, Skin-peeling, Sword Tree, Burning Wheels and Cart, Eye-shooting, etc. Next, at the fifth court, sinful souls are allowed to ascend the Tower of Hometown-Viewing to take a final look of their family. The visitor will witness sub-hells of Knee-striking, Heart-slicing, Blade Mountain, Flying Swords and Burning Stones, etc. The King of Bian City takes charge of the sixth court, which is also known as the “Great Hell of Screaming,” with sub-hells including Fire Cattle, Tiger-Biting, Kidney-Eating, Mouth-Poking, Throat-Nailing, Iron Mill, Decapitation, etc. The King of Tai-shan is in charge of the seventh court, the “Great Hell of Heat and Fire.” The sixteen sub-hells at this court include Finger-Searing, Bowel-Hauling, Stone-Bearing, Boiling Oil, Tongue-Removal and Cheek-Piercing, etc. Next, the King Du-shi is in charge of the eighth court, the “Great Hell of Intense Fire and Heat,” and the sub-hells including Fire Dogs, Molten Iron, Iron Snakes, Dismemberment, Steel Spikes, Burning-Marrow, Iron Ball, Scale, etc. The ninth court is ruled by the King Ping-deng. It is known as the biggest court, Avici Hell (the Hell of Incessant Suffering), which if the lowest level of the hell realm and the interior is gloomily and terrifyingly dark. Those who committed the most serious evil deed will be sent to the Avici Hell. Sub-hells such as Poisonous Snake, Brain-Removal, Crow-Gnawing, Raining Needles, Wasps and Scorpions are included at this court. After arriving the tenth court, ruled by the Great King of the Reincarnation Palace, one can visit the “Observatory of Life on earth” and the “eight bureaus of the Reincarnation Palace” (including the Bureau of Judicial Control, the Bureau of Good-Actions, the Bureau of Bad-Actions, the Bureau of Debts, Gratitude, and Vengeance, the Bureau of Longevity and Destiny, the Bureau of Familial Ties, the Bureau of the Reincarnated, and the Bureau of Birth). The sinful one will be sent to the Pavilion of Mengpo and made to drink the Soup of Forgetfulness to forget all past affairs. According to the sinful one’s merits of previous life, they will go across one of the six bridges (gold, silver, jade, stone, wood, bamboo) to the “Reincarnation-Wheel (Wheel on the Crimson River).” Finally, one is able to reborn in the six realms. According to the Aṣṭadaśa nāraka sutra ( the Eighteen Hells Sutra), after one passes away, they will enter an intermediate and transitional state between death and rebirth, known as antarābhava in Sanskrit, for forty-nine days. The being will be evaluated by Yama, who will decide if one should get reborn or get punished at the hell. Those who committed the Five Grave Offenses (killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an Arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, and creating a schism within the community of Buddhist monks and nun who practice for attaining enlightenment.) will be sent to the Avici Hell and stay there eternally. Kṣitigarbha is the Lord of the Nether World, ruling the ten court of Hell. The lord will set up the “Hall of Teaching” at each court to salvage those sinful ones who still obtain few merits at the offering rituals.
Human beings live the Sahā world (sahāloka in Sanskrit, meaning “endurance of suffering,” a concept of mundane world in Mahāyāna Buddhism) where they share with other reincarnations (including beings of the hells, of the preta, and of malevolent nature spirits) with five turbidities (the Kalpa turbidity, the view turbidity, the affliction turbidity, the living beings turbidity, and the life turbidity). Those who commit the ten evil deeds (killing, stealing, adultery, lying, using immoral language, slandering, equivocating, coveting, anger, and false views) must fall into the three evil paths (animals, preta, and hell). However, how can one escape from the three realms/ twenty-eight heavens (including the six heavens of the desire realm, the eighteen heavens of the form realm, and the four heavens of the formless realm)? Worldly people who don’t have such an awareness cannot leave the cycle of the twelve nidanas (meaning causes or motivations), let alone eliminate the eighty-one afflictions (that have been produced due to misunderstanding regarding reality) and the eighty-eight illusions (including five afflictions of advanced practitioners, also known as five views: view of self, extreme view, evil view, view of attachment to views, and view of morality; and five unintelligent temptations: desire, anger, stupidity, arrogance, and doubt) of thought within the three realms and four Arya satyas (noble truths, including suffering, arising, ending, and path). They cannot realize that the essence of the five skandhas (referring to aggregates of clinging, including the matter of form, sensation, recognition, mental formation, and consciousness) , the twelve ayatana (meaning sense base, including six internal bases: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind and six external bases: visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects), and the eighteen dhātavah (meaning compositional elements of human existence, including six consciousness, six faculties, and their objects) are the emptiness and the void. Furthermore, they cannot dispel the two reasons for clinging to the idea of the self and the attachment to elemental constructs and even believe in the two (false) tenets that that karma and nirvana are not real and that the ego and phenomena are real. As a consequence, they fail to develop the eleven wholesome mental factors (faith, energy, conscience, being ashamed, non-attachment, non-aggression, non-delusion, calmness, equanimity, conscientiousness, and non-injuriousness) and cease the sixteen unwholesome mental factors (desire, greed, anger, delusion, arrogance, doubt, wrong view, wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, vexation, jealousy, parsimony, deceit, flattery, harming, ambitiousness, stupidity, lacking of faith, idleness, being unrestrained, forgetting, distraction, non-discernment, ). One must bear in mind that once all our virtuous roots are discontinued, they will be trapped in the never-ending reincarnation and the suffering of infinite continuity.
Is it possible that the hell will be empty one day? If the beings in hell will become extinct while evil spirits inhabit the mundane world, the world could be considered as a pure land. If we could witness the nature of the void, then hell will exist no more.
Since ancient times, the concept of hell has been widely spread among all tribes. Aging, death, beginning, and end are the basis of nature and the core of cosmic consciousness. However, the prosperous civilization as our island is not a place where desire can be eliminated. It’s impossible to eradicate evil nature. Since fetters brought by the constitution, the state, the law, society, the military, corporations, schools, families, and groups are not less than the eighteen levels of hell, the mortals repress themselves, bury their feelings. Day after day, greed, anger, stupidity, arrogance, doubt, and resentment are stacking. However, since the six dust (visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects) has not yet been extinguished, people in the mundane world are still full of delusions. The demons, devils, evil spirits, and the wondering dead exist in the wilderness, while only advanced practitioners with transcendent would attempt to make contact with the dead in the wasteland and forest. Worldly people like us trespass in Disneyland-like man-made hell. It is absurd and ridiculous that the hellish scenes cannot stop us from perpetrating evil deeds, but the horrific and cruel scenes yet satisfy our self-righteous shame.
The pandemic has been boiling over for more than a year and a half. The number of infected patients worldwide is nearly a hundred and eighty million, and the death toll has risen to four million, which is equivalent to a war crisis. I hope that we can all be compassionate, give peace to the dead, treat all sentient beings well and equally. The hell is innately empty; however, deluded and misleading thoughts would give rise to all jealousy and hatred and then manifest the hell before us. This book merely serves as a memorandum of conscience for dictators of the world’s new cold war, supporters of unrestrained warfare, dark web hackers, and those who are cunning and contemptuous and maltreat others when knowing they have problems.
June 2021,
Yao Jui-chung
同時也有3部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過361萬的網紅Dan Lok,也在其Youtube影片中提到,★☆★BONUS FOR A LIMITED TIME★☆★ You can download Dan Lok's best-selling book F.U. Money for FREE: http://jutsaojkd.danlok.link Dan Lok Demonstrates a ...
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center of life meaning 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最佳貼文
[時事英文] Alzheimer’s Prediction May Be Found in Writing Tests
沒想到英文寫作可以用來預測阿爾茨海默症。
受試者當中應該沒有第二語言學習者吧。
音檔: https://bit.ly/3lcBTxr
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Alzheimer’s Prediction May Be Found in Writing Tests
阿爾茨海默症可以預測嗎?寫作測試也許提供了答案
Is it possible to predict who will develop Alzheimer’s disease simply by looking at writing patterns years before there are symptoms? According to a new study by IBM researchers, the answer is yes. And, they and others say that Alzheimer’s is just the beginning. People with a wide variety of neurological illnesses have distinctive language patterns that, investigators suspect, may serve as early warning signs of their diseases.
• Alzheimer’s disease 阿爾茨海默症
• symptoms 癥狀、症狀
• according to a new study 根據一個新研究
• a wide variety of 多種~的
• neurological illnesses 神經系統疾病
• distinctive language patterns 獨特的語言模式
• an early warning sign of ~的早期預警訊號
有沒有可能在出現癥狀之前的幾年裡,僅僅通過觀察書寫模式來預測誰會患上阿爾茨海默症? 根據IBM研究人員的一項新研究,答案是肯定的。而且,他們和其他一些研究人員表示,阿爾茨海默症的預測只是開始。研究人員懷疑,患有多種神經系統疾病的人都有著獨特的語言模式,可能是他們疾病的早期預警信號。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
The researchers examined the subjects’ word usage with an artificial intelligence program that looked for subtle differences in language. It identified one group of subjects who were more repetitive in their word usage at that earlier time when all of them were cognitively normal. These subjects also made errors, such as spelling words wrongly or inappropriately capitalizing them, and they used telegraphic language, meaning language that has a simple grammatical structure and is missing subjects and words like “the,” “is” and “are.”
• word usage 詞彙使用情況
• subtle differences 細微差別
• artificial intelligence 人工智慧
• repetitive 重複的
• telegraphic language* 電報式語言
• simple grammatical structure 簡單的語法結構
研究人員利用一個人工智慧程序,檢查受試者的詞彙使用情況,尋找語言上的細微差別。他們鑒定出一組受試者,在早期所有人的認知能力都正常的情況下,他們的用詞重複情況更為嚴重。這些測試對象還會犯一些錯誤,比如拼寫錯誤或者大寫使用不當,而且會使用電報式語言——語法結構簡單,漏掉主語以及「the」、「is」和「are」這樣的詞。
*telegraphic language is speech during the two-word stage of language acquisition in children, which is laconic and efficient but lack of function words, tense and plural endings on nouns.
★★★★★★★★★★★★
The members of that group turned out to be the people who developed Alzheimer’s disease. The A.I. program predicted, with 75 percent accuracy, who would get Alzheimer’s disease, according to results published recently in The Lancet journal EClinicalMedicine. “We had no prior assumption that word usage would show anything,” said Ajay Royyuru, vice president of health care and life sciences research at IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, N.Y., where the A.I. analysis was done.
• develop a disease 患上疾病
• with % accuracy 準確率達~%
• no prior assumption 沒有先想到、先假設到
• usage (詞語或語言的)用法
• A.I. analysis 人工智慧分析
這群人後來都患上了阿爾茨海默症。根據《柳葉刀》(The Lancet)子刊《臨床醫學》(EClinicalMedicine)最近發表的研究結果,該人工智慧能夠預測誰將患上阿爾茨海默症,準確率達75%。「我們之前沒有想到用詞情況還有這個用途,」紐約州約克敦高地的IBM托馬斯·沃森研究中心(IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center)醫療保健和生命科學研究副總裁阿賈伊·羅伊尤魯(Ajay Royyuru)說。人工智慧分析就是在該中心進行的。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
文章來自《紐約時報》: https://nyti.ms/3pXsI5l
圖片來源: http://bit.ly/3qsX3sb
center of life meaning 在 Eileen Carls 艾玲 Facebook 的精選貼文
跟Kuan賣純素墨西哥塔克的日子❤️ #為何我選擇不吃動物 #理想與責任🔥⠀
昨天第一次跟 @wufumade 出去擺攤檔一日店長,心得就是⋯ 「愛」!⠀
從之前第一次自己買來吃,跟老闆聊聊後,我就知道,這個人跟我的頻率一樣! ⠀
⠀
工作與夢想,生活與理想,雖然過程中都有一些現實得面對,但當你做你認為是對的事,目標不是利益而是意義!🔥 你就算累還是開心!⠀
⠀
我們兩個都吃植物性飲食(純素Vegan )沒有特別複雜的原因,也從來不強迫別人一定要同意或做到。但我們想透過行動分享一個生活理念:「我們所做的一切不是為了自己,而是為了比我們更大的原因:愛,意義」🌍❤️ ⠀
⠀
你知道嗎?人不用吃動物,一樣可以活很健康很快樂啊!👻🤗⠀
當然要看你嘴巴裡塞的是垃圾還是原始健康食物⋯
但我只能強調:我!非常!不!缺營養!(醫生最近測試我的血液說是他這幾年看過最猛的數字!果然,不用他說我自己知道我的活力用不完!🤣
⠀
我從開始不吃動物的產品後常被別人說「妳好可憐,好不方便,好多限制」🙈⠀
但我聽到都會笑:其實是相反的,我超自由,因為這個是我的「選擇」🦋
⠀
而我有自律去執行我最深的理念:愛環境,不傷害別人 🐥💕
而能透過吃素或其他行為做到,這個很給力啊!💪🏽⠀
選擇⋯⠀⠀
👉🏽 意識自己與大環境的連結⠀
👉🏽 對自己的行為與後果負責 ⠀
👉🏽 戒掉藉口,給自己能力去執行 ⠀
👉🏽 改變自己!再來激勵別人嘗試改變!⠀
⠀
⠀
Anyway 講那麼多⋯ 鼓勵你們從小的改變開始。一切是過程,我們不追求完美,但追求學習,追求開放,嘗試,進步!⠀
⠀
🥁 10月24-25日我應該還會再次跟 @wufumade 出去擺攤 (高雄衛武營)
🌮️ 歡迎大家追蹤 Kuan @wufumade 他平常在高雄各種市集擺攤(愛河,Ikea,碼頭等等) ⠀
⠀
有機會我們再用最健康美味的食物分享我們的愛給你們啦!🤗🥰⠀
⠀
Happy Monday! ⠀
Love you! 我愛你們!⠀
🌱😘 ⠀
~~~ #english ~~~
Vegan tacos with Kuan ❤️
#WhyIamHappyWithoutEatingAnimals #idealsAndResponsabilities 🔥
Yesterday, I went out with Kuan @wufumade to help sell vegan tacos, it was FUN!
The first time I bought Kuan’s food and talked to him, I knew straight away we click, we have the same frequency!
...Work, dream, life and ideals. 🦋
Both passionate and grateful for life, and while we face challenges in life like everyone, we still have so much energy and love to give.
Both of us eat a plant-based diet (vegan) for no fancy reasons, and we never force others to agree on our view or push others to become vegan. We simply believe that we can live well without animal products. 💕😊
We don’t want to cause more harm than we need to. It’s that simple. Whether it’s the animals, the environment, ourselves, or the future generation. We are all connected.
Simply put: for me eating plant based is not really about myself, it’s about something bigger. 🌍❤️🐶🐬🐛
Anyway... Everything is a process, I do not pursue perfection - BUT I strive for love, meaning and progress!
Ps: October 24-25th I’ll probably be helping out Kuan @wufumade again, at Weiwuyin kaohsiung. 😋 follow @wufumade to see his weekly location and street market updates!
Hope to see you soon!
One LOVE! 🦋❤️
.
.
.
#vegan #veganfood @ 駁二藝術特區 The Pier-2 Art Center
center of life meaning 在 Dan Lok Youtube 的最讚貼文
★☆★BONUS FOR A LIMITED TIME★☆★
You can download Dan Lok's best-selling book F.U. Money for FREE: http://jutsaojkd.danlok.link
Dan Lok Demonstrates a Jut Sao Drill. Jut Sao is a short sharp deflecting technique used in Jeet Kune Do to deal with punches. The elbow must be kept lower than the wrist in order for Jut Sao to work.
Subscribe to Dan's Channel to learn more Wing Chun or Jeet Kune Do Secrets: http://bit.ly/DanLokSubscribe
Watch the Previous Video that demonstrates the Lap Sao Techniques: https://youtu.be/ad17nEj_TBg
Jut Sao can be used to deflect punches off of the center line. It is useful for mid level to head high straight punches like a boxing jab. It can also through an opponent off balance if they are tense during or after punching. A common mistake when using Jut Sau is to lift the elbow meaning the attack slides under the practitioner's defense
Trapping is not exclusive to JKD, but it certainly isn’t very common in most martial arts.
In case you aren’t familiar with what I’m talking about, trapping is the art of using your arms to nullify one of your opponent’s limbs so that he can’t use it to hit or to block. This allows you to then strike into that open line (that’s a general definition). It’s also called Hand Immobilization Attack (although you can also immobilize other parts of the body, too, using the same concept).
In short, trapping basically means “grabbing to hit”.
One of Dan Lok’s passions in life is martial arts. Like many young kids, after watching a Bruce Lee movie, it changed his life forever. At 17 years old, Dan started training in martial arts seriously because he was being bullied in school. It wasn’t long for Dan to learn the techniques he needed, and gain the confidence necessary to defend himself.
Dan has studied with legendary martial artist such as Bruce Lee’s original student Ted Wong (http://tedwongjkd.net) and Joe Lewis “The Worlds Greatest Fighter” (http://joelewisassociation.com), making him a second generation student of Bruce Lee - in Bruce Lee's authentic art of Jeet Kune Do (JKD). He's also a third generation student of Ip Man (Wing Chun Kung Fu).
Dan has also trained with other great instructors like Sifu Adam Chan (https://www.pragmaticmartialarts.com), Canadian lightweight boxing champion Tony "Fire Kid" Pep (https://www.facebook.com/pepboxing), and Octavio Quintero (https://www.theartofjkd.com)
For Dan, martial arts training permeates every area of life. It’s not a hobby, it’s a way of life, and it influences how he does business.
Martial arts gave him the confidence, focus, and patience to push through these obstacles and to keep fighting when he felt like giving up.
IMPORTANT NOTE: Dan is NOT a full-time martial artist and he doesn't even claim to be that good of a fighter.
He's simply a successful businessman who enjoys the art and philosophy of Bruce Lee, just like you.
He doesn't have any online martial art videos, seminars or expensive "private training" to sell you. Quite frankly, he doesn't need the money.
He simply wants to share his passion for the art of JKD (his own version of Jeet Kune Do) through his YouTube channel.
Check out the other Jeet Kune Do (JKD) Fighting Tactics and Training Videos: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEmTTOfet46Ocn3bqnUIaAB-cTUzsAXOG
More Bruce Lee Trapping Techniques in this Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEmTTOfet46PuW-CM4gmmMnebKMq3WFMp
This Video: Bruce Lee's Trapping Techniques - Jut Sao Drill & Bonus
https://youtu.be/lYNV5kmqLUA
https://youtu.be/lYNV5kmqLUA
![post-title](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/lYNV5kmqLUA/hqdefault.jpg)
center of life meaning 在 Dan Lok Youtube 的最讚貼文
What is Pak Sao in Bruce Lee's JKD? Translated, pak sao means "slapping hand". However, pak doesn't really slap, at all. In reality, the technique of pak sao involves a great deal of information learned by close attention to details. Be sure, pak and slap do not share the same energies, nor even the same results. You may execute a slap, but not Bruce.
His was pak! Nevertheless, pak sao has still another meaning in wing chun. It's in the nature of the meaning whereby Bruce spoke when he defined Jeet Kune Do as, "pak sao and hip". Pak sao's nature is to intercept.
Thus, the name Jeet Kune Do, The Way of the Intercepting Fist. Actually, there are only three ways to intercept. Ahead of the opponent's beat, at the same time as his beat, or behind his beat. We call this a half-beat ahead, same beat, or half- beat behind.
Subscribe to Dan's Channel to learn more Wing Chun or Jeet Kune Do: http://bit.ly/DanLokSubscribe
With Pak Sao, the hand comes directly out of the center of the body to slap away an attacker's strike to one's head. Effective application of Pak Sao involves creating an angle of deflection through which the opponent's blow can be slapped away with minimal effort.
Trapping is not exclusive to JKD, but it certainly isn’t very common in most martial arts.
In case you aren’t familiar with what I’m talking about, trapping is the art of using your arms to nullify one of your opponent’s limbs so that he can’t use it to hit or to block. This allows you to then strike into that open line (that’s a general definition). It’s also called Hand Immobilization Attack (although you can also immobilize other parts of the body, too, using the same concept).
In short, trapping basically means “grabbing to hit”.
One of Dan Lok’s passions in life is martial arts. Like many young kids, after watching a Bruce Lee movie, it changed his life forever. At 17 years old, Dan started training in martial arts seriously because he was being bullied in school. It wasn’t long for Dan to learn the techniques he needed, and gain the confidence necessary to defend himself.
Dan has studied with legendary martial artist such as Bruce Lee’s original student Ted Wong (http://tedwongjkd.net) and Joe Lewis “The Worlds Greatest Fighter” (http://joelewisassociation.com), making him a second generation student of Bruce Lee - in Bruce Lee's authentic art of Jeet Kune Do (JKD). He's also a third generation student of Ip Man (Wing Chun Kung Fu).
Dan has also trained with other great instructors like Sifu Adam Chan (https://www.pragmaticmartialarts.com), Canadian lightweight boxing champion Tony "Fire Kid" Pep (https://www.facebook.com/pepboxing), and Octavio Quintero (https://www.theartofjkd.com)
For Dan, martial arts training permeates every area of life. It’s not a hobby, it’s a way of life, and it influences how he does business.
Martial arts gave him the confidence, focus, and patience to push through these obstacles and to keep fighting when he felt like giving up.
IMPORTANT NOTE: Dan is NOT a full-time martial artist and he doesn't even claim to be that good of a fighter.
He's simply a successful businessman who enjoys the art and philosophy of Bruce Lee, just like you.
He doesn't have any online martial art videos, seminars or expensive "private training" to sell you. Quite frankly, he doesn't need the money.
He simply wants to share his passion for the art of JKD (his own version of Jeet Kune Do) through his YouTube channel.
Check out the other Jeet Kune Do (JKD) Fighting Tactics and Training Videos: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEmTTOfet46Ocn3bqnUIaAB-cTUzsAXOG
This Video: Bruce Lee's Jeet Kune Do Trapping Techniques - Pak Sao Drill
https://youtu.be/oot0ZpuF9RQ
https://youtu.be/oot0ZpuF9RQ
![post-title](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/oot0ZpuF9RQ/hqdefault.jpg)
center of life meaning 在 一二三渡辺 Youtube 的最佳貼文
ヴェクスター125の3ヵ月後に、150cc版が発売。こういったミドルクラススクーターは、ヨーロッパではポピュラーだが、日本ではあまりパッとしないカテゴリー。実際、日本ではスズキしか発売していない。
外観はスタンダードなスクータースタイルながら、未来的なデザイン。車体サイズは原付より1まわり大きい程度で、取り回しは良い。しかし、これで高速道路を走るのは辛いかも。街乗りがメインで、たまに高速を乗りたい、という人向け?
ヴェクスター(VECSTAR) It is the motorcycle of the motor scooter type that は, Suzuki produce it, and it sold.
ヴェクスター was released as a medium-sized motor scooter in 1994. By displacement volume, as for ヴェクスター 150, 125 is sorted to two kinds of mopeds by light two of them.
The engine is small in comparison with the big motor scooter of the 250cc class which is 4 cycles 152cc (124cc). By it, I get the good point of the sumo wrestler's loincloth which is near to 50cc moped motor scooter (radius of gyration 1.9m at the minimum). It is said with the practical use car which turned though parking expands, and easiness of, the good point of the mileage do town riding as a substitute for foot of the everyday life an implication. Because 150 is light 2, as well as it, the run of the highway is possible.
125 became the production end by release of address V125, and 150 became the production end with emission control reinforcement in August, 2007.
The equipment
The headlight of unique shape is equipped with two 30W /30W krypton valve lights and, in comparison with the other vehicles of the class, secures enough light quantity. In addition, there is a position lamp centrally the front, but the meaning in the practical use is light for regular lighting a headlight.
I am equipped with both center stands and side stands.
The storing has seat bottom trunk, steering wheel bottom storage space, convenience store hook, rear carrier.
The seat bottom trunk can put a full-faced helmet helmet to the side. The steering wheel bottom box is limited to the storing of the accessory for complicated shape substantially. The footwear uses a convenience store hook sticking to the seat side widely in a flat floor and can load it with some load.
[Editing] A turn of speed
It is controlled greatly by the environment such as the degree of the vehicle, the use, but, in the case of 125, as for the cruising speed, 50-70km/h, the maximum speed are around 85-100km/h. This is 150, but there is not the big difference. The general course that the main line included is enough for these performance.
In addition, 150 can run a highway, but, as for the run for the long time, a rider and a burden to the vehicle are big because the state that is almost engine fully opening continues to cruise on a highway.
In addition, as for the initial model, the badness of the acceleration of the start was pointed out, but this was improved by a throttle position sensor and the improvement of the carburetor equipped with by a minor change of 1999.
[Editing] The mileage
It is acted on environment about the mileage, but it is often that I record the high mileage of around 30km/l. Because the fuel tank is 8 liters, in the calculation top, fuel is filled up, and runs more than 200km are possible.
Oil capacity is 0.8 liter. The maker recommends first time one month or 1,000km, 以降 1 or exchange every 6,000km.
[Editing] Ride comfort
The 50cc moped motor scooter is higher in the amount of seat than the part of the big motor scooter from the start, and I am with legs, and attention is necessary. It is a slightly bigger seat and considers the uniformity for for two people for this class, but, as a matter of course, is inferior to a big motor scooter. When the engine sound is quiet and runs in the downtown, it is rare that I give the noise damage to the outskirts unless I do extreme driving.
[Editing] An origin of the car name
The coined word that combined a vector (the German language, course, direction) with a star (a star, popularity, the future). It was named a bright image by a good point of the nuance of a word.
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