[關於反芻動物全身麻醉的風險,反芻動物中,全身麻醉的弊大於利。] 有興趣的朋友可以多了解一下喔! (中文翻譯的部分為Google翻譯的,能夠閱讀英文的朋友建議看原文會比較清楚喔)
還有很多很多相關的學術發表,就不貼那麼多出來啦!
Cooper結紮的日期是4月26日,他現在很健康很調皮。
(德叔真的超級超級愛看這些學術發表的文章,但是我還是相信醫生的專業。)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334673867_The_Use_of_Epidural_Anaesthesia_over_General_Anaesthesia_in_Ruminants
全身麻醉是現代醫學的重要組成部分。它是一種藥物誘導的可逆病症,包括特定的行為和生理特徵,包括無意識、健忘症、鎮痛和運動不能——伴隨自主神經、心血管、呼吸和體溫調節系統的穩定性。
[反芻動物全身麻醉具有內在風險,如瘤胃內容物反流、唾液分泌過多和肺部誤吸的可能性;因此並不總是推薦使用本地或區域技術。硬膜外麻醉是一種中樞神經阻滯技術,經常用於獸醫實踐中,用於治療家畜會陰、骶骨、腰椎和尾椎部位的不同產科和外科手術干擾。關於在反芻動物和其他物種的各種外科和實驗室程序中使用硬膜外麻醉的科學研究已經有幾項。總之,全身麻醉的弊大於利,特別是在反芻動物中。因此,硬膜外麻醉是首選。
General anaesthesia is an essential component of modern medicine. It is a drug induced reversible condition that includes specific behavioral and physiological traits unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, and akinesia- with concomitant stability of the autonomic, cardiovascular, respiratory, and thermoregulatory systems.
[General anesthesia in ruminants has inherent risks such as regurgitation of ruminal contents, excessive salivation and the possibility of pulmonary aspiration; therefore it is not always recommended and local or regional techniques may be used instead. Epidural anaesthesia is a central neuraxial block technique which is used regularly in veterinary practice for treatment of different obstetrical and surgical interferences in the perineal, sacral, lumbar, and caudal parts of the thoracic region of domestic animals. There have been several scientific researches on the use of epidural anesthesia in ruminants and other species for various surgical and laboratory procedures. In conclusion, the disadvantages of general anaesthesia outweigh the advantages especially in ruminant specie. Therefore, epidural anaesthesia is the most preferred.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118886700.ch1
瘤胃鼓脹、腹脹、反流和吸入性肺炎是與家畜全身麻醉相關的常見問題,應通過適當的預防措施和必要的麻醉前考慮來預見和解決。家畜在麻醉期間可能會出現胃內容物反流和誤吸,尤其是未禁食的動物。反芻動物在麻醉期間通常會大量分泌唾液。惡性高熱的觸發因素包括壓力(例如興奮、運輸或麻醉前處理)、鹵化吸入麻醉劑(例如氟烷、異氟烷、七氟烷和地氟烷)和去極化神經肌肉阻滯藥物(例如琥珀膽鹼)。同樣,氟烷似乎是豬惡性高熱的最有效和最常見的觸發因素。麻醉前禁食可能不能完全防止反流,但會減少瘤胃內容物中的固體物質數量。獸醫應將這些知識與適當的麻醉前準備和適當的圍手術期管理相結合,以確保這些動物的麻醉成功。
Ruminal tympany, bloat, regurgitation, and aspiration pneumonia are common problems associated with general anesthesia in farm animal species that should be anticipated and addressed with proper precautions and the necessary preanesthetic considerations. Regurgitation and aspiration of stomach content can occur in farm animal species during anesthesia, especially in nonfasted animals. Ruminants normally salivate profusely during anesthesia. The triggering agents of malignant hyperthermia include stress (e.g., excitement, transportation, or preanesthetic handling), halogenated inhalation anesthetics (e.g., halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane), and depolarizing neuro-muscular blocking drugs (e.g., succinylcholine). Similarly, halothane appears to be the most potent and most frequently reported trigger of malignant hyperthermia in pigs. Preanesthetic fasting may not completely prevent regurgitation, but it will decrease the amount of solid matter in the rumen content. Veterinarians should incorporate the knowledge with proper preanesthetic preparations and appropriate perioperative management to ensure successful outcome of anesthesia in these animals.
同時也有10000部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,910的網紅コバにゃんチャンネル,也在其Youtube影片中提到,...
concomitant醫學 在 來講兒科急診的543-吳昌騰醫師 Facebook 的最佳解答
兒科急診的小故事
OOO 驚奇之旅,代價不菲?
今天急診一上班,來一位15歲大的弟弟。
故事是:
這位15歲大的弟弟,是剛從桃園機場入境,他由國際緊急救護人員由OOO運送回台灣,下飛機後直接送到我們急診室。
結果詢問病史,真是太令人amazing ! (圖一)
1月30日,弟弟有呼吸道感染的症狀,做過流感快篩是陰性,就診後並服藥。
1月31日,弟弟隨家人搭飛機到OOO遊玩。
2月2日,弟弟出現咳嗽嚴重,呼吸急促的症狀,被送到OOO當地醫院急診去接受治療,當時B型流感快篩是陽性,當地醫師根據臨床症狀,當下就直接on 上氣管內管,並轉診到OOO醫學中心
2月3日,放上葉克膜(ECMO)的治療。(圖二)
2月4日,弟弟接受氣切手術,弟弟並且證實有黴漿菌感染
結果是B型流感加黴漿菌感染經葉克膜治療及氣切手術
弟弟在那邊住院到3月5日,今天搭國際班機,由緊急救護人員運送回台灣。
弟弟目前恢復情形良好,但仍有一些神經學的後遺症需要追蹤評估。
我好奇的請教家長這個OOO醫療費用多少?爸爸跟我講20萬OOO幣,折合台幣460萬!!!
#生病出國玩還是有風險
#B型流感加黴漿菌感染是不常見的
#非典型肺炎黴漿菌肺炎 黴漿菌感染可能導致任何程度的呼吸道症狀,但肺炎感染是最常見的表現,且特色是明顯的咳嗽及發燒。黴漿菌感染比較常見於學齡孩童及四十歲以下的年輕人。
黴漿菌感染在一年四季都可能發生,夏秋之際最容易。
患者可能表現:
1. 喉嚨痛
2. 吸氣時胸口痛
3. 持續惡化的咳嗽,剛開始多是乾咳
4. 輕度流感症狀,像發燒和發冷
5. 頭痛
6. 疲勞
#流感併發重症以感染A型流感病毒為主。但感染B型流感病毒亦可能發生嚴重併發症。 流感病毒可能引發肺炎、腦炎、心肌炎等嚴重併發症,甚至導致死亡,民眾千萬不能掉以輕心。
#Bacterial infection, either secondary or concurrent with influenza virus, contributes to significant morbidity and mortality, especially in the young and elderly. On the basis of previous studies, the most common bacteria that synergistically cause morbidity and mortality are Streptococcus pneumoniae, followed by Staphylococcus
aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, and, less commonly, Legionella pneumophilia.
#Along with common respiratory bacterial pathogens, influenza viruses are well known to cause coinfection, but little is known about concomitant influenza virus pulmonary infection with M.pneumoniae