今早為Asian Medical Students Association Hong Kong (AMSAHK)的新一屆執行委員會就職典禮作致詞分享嘉賓,題目為「疫情中的健康不公平」。
感謝他們的熱情款待以及為整段致詞拍了影片。以下我附上致詞的英文原稿:
It's been my honor to be invited to give the closing remarks for the Inauguration Ceremony for the incoming executive committee of the Asian Medical Students' Association Hong Kong (AMSAHK) this morning. A video has been taken for the remarks I made regarding health inequalities during the COVID-19 pandemic (big thanks to the student who withstood the soreness of her arm for holding the camera up for 15 minutes straight), and here's the transcript of the main body of the speech that goes with this video:
//The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, continues to be rampant around the world since early 2020, resulting in more than 55 million cases and 1.3 million deaths worldwide as of today. (So no! It’s not a hoax for those conspiracy theorists out there!) A higher rate of incidence and deaths, as well as worse health-related quality of life have been widely observed in the socially disadvantaged groups, including people of lower socioeconomic position, older persons, migrants, ethnic minority and communities of color, etc. While epidemiologists and scientists around the world are dedicated in gathering scientific evidence on the specific causes and determinants of the health inequalities observed in different countries and regions, we can apply the Social Determinants of Health Conceptual Framework developed by the World Health Organization team led by the eminent Prof Sir Michael Marmot, world’s leading social epidemiologist, to understand and delineate these social determinants of health inequalities related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
According to this framework, social determinants of health can be largely categorized into two types – 1) the lower stream, intermediary determinants, and 2) the upper stream, structural and macro-environmental determinants. For the COVID-19 pandemic, we realized that the lower stream factors may include material circumstances, such as people’s living and working conditions. For instance, the nature of the occupations of these people of lower socioeconomic position tends to require them to travel outside to work, i.e., they cannot work from home, which is a luxury for people who can afford to do it. This lack of choice in the location of occupation may expose them to greater risk of infection through more transportation and interactions with strangers. We have also seen infection clusters among crowded places like elderly homes, public housing estates, and boarding houses for foreign domestic helpers. Moreover, these socially disadvantaged people tend to have lower financial and social capital – it can be observed that they were more likely to be deprived of personal protective equipment like face masks and hand sanitizers, especially during the earlier days of the pandemic. On the other hand, the upper stream, structural determinants of health may include policies related to public health, education, macroeconomics, social protection and welfare, as well as our governance… and last, but not least, our culture and values. If the socioeconomic and political contexts are not favorable to the socially disadvantaged, their health and well-being will be disproportionately affected by the pandemic. Therefore, if we, as a society, espouse to address and reduce the problem of health inequalities, social determinants of health cannot be overlooked in devising and designing any public health-related strategies, measures and policies.
Although a higher rate of incidence and deaths have been widely observed in the socially disadvantaged groups, especially in countries with severe COVID-19 outbreaks, this phenomenon seems to be less discussed and less covered by media in Hong Kong, where the disease incidence is relatively low when compared with other countries around the world. Before the resurgence of local cases in early July, local spread of COVID-19 was sporadic and most cases were imported. In the earlier days of the pandemic, most cases were primarily imported by travelers and return-students studying overseas, leading to a minor surge between mid-March and mid-April of 874 new cases. Most of these cases during Spring were people who could afford to travel and study abroad, and thus tended to be more well-off. Therefore, some would say the expected social gradient in health impact did not seem to exist in Hong Kong, but may I remind you that, it is only the case when we focus on COVID-19-specific incidence and mortality alone. But can we really deduce from this that COVID-19-related health inequality does not exist in Hong Kong? According to the Social Determinants of Health Framework mentioned earlier, the obvious answer is “No, of course not.” And here’s why…
In addition to the direct disease burden, the COVID-19 outbreak and its associated containment measures (such as economic lockdown, mandatory social distancing, and change of work arrangements) could have unequal wider socioeconomic impacts on the general population, especially in regions with pervasive existing social inequalities. Given the limited resources and capacity of the socioeconomically disadvantaged to respond to emergency and adverse events, their general health and well-being are likely to be unduly and inordinately affected by the abrupt changes in their daily economic and social conditions, like job loss and insecurity, brought about by the COVID-19 outbreak and the corresponding containment and mitigation measures of which the main purpose was supposedly disease prevention and health protection at the first place. As such, focusing only on COVID-19 incidence or mortality as the outcomes of concern to address health inequalities may leave out important aspects of life that contributes significantly to people’s health. Recently, my research team and I collaborated with Sir Michael Marmot in a Hong Kong study, and found that the poor people in Hong Kong fared worse in every aspects of life than their richer counterparts in terms of economic activity, personal protective equipment, personal hygiene practice, as well as well-being and health after the COVID-19 outbreak. We also found that part of the observed health inequality can be attributed to the pandemic and its related containment measures via people’s concerns over their own and their families’ livelihood and economic activity. In other words, health inequalities were contributed by the pandemic even in a city where incidence is relatively low through other social determinants of health that directly concerned the livelihood and economic activity of the people. So in this study, we confirmed that focusing only on the incident and death cases as the outcomes of concern to address health inequalities is like a story half-told, and would severely truncate and distort the reality.
Truth be told, health inequality does not only appear after the pandemic outbreak of COVID-19, it is a pre-existing condition in countries and regions around the world, including Hong Kong. My research over the years have consistently shown that people in lower socioeconomic position tend to have worse physical and mental health status. Nevertheless, precisely because health inequality is nothing new, there are always voices in our society trying to dismiss the problem, arguing that it is only natural to have wealth inequality in any capitalistic society. However, in reckoning with health inequalities, we need to go beyond just figuring out the disparities or differences in health status between the poor and the rich, and we need to raise an ethically relevant question: are these inequalities, disparities and differences remediable? Can they be fixed? Can we do something about them? If they are remediable, and we can do something about them but we haven’t, then we’d say these inequalities are ultimately unjust and unfair. In other words, a society that prides itself in pursuing justice must, and I say must, strive to address and reduce these unfair health inequalities. Borrowing the words from famed sociologist Judith Butler, “the virus alone does not discriminate,” but “social and economic inequality will make sure that it does.” With COVID-19, we learn that it is not only the individuals who are sick, but our society. And it’s time we do something about it.
Thank you very much!//
Please join me in congratulating the incoming executive committee of AMSAHK and giving them the best wishes for their future endeavor!
Roger Chung, PhD
Assistant Professor, CUHK JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, @CUHK Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong 香港中文大學 - CUHK
Associate Director, CUHK Institute of Health Equity
同時也有75部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過18萬的網紅公視新聞網,也在其Youtube影片中提到,【#PLive】20210504 中央流行疫情指揮中心記者會(1400) 中央流行疫情指揮中心今(5/04)日為因應COVID-19疫情,14:00由陳時中指揮官說明疫情及防疫作為等事宜。 出席防疫官員 由左到右 中央流行疫情指揮中心 羅一鈞 醫療應變組副組長 中央流行疫情指揮中心 ...
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Chinese vanish from key tourist sites; Japanese also a no-show
Tourist destinations normally heaving ( )with Chinese visitors have suddenly gone quiet as fears ramp up ( )over the new coronavirus outbreak.
Japanese are also shunning ( )areas that traditionally attract large crowds for fear of becoming infected.
On Feb. 11, a national holiday, tourists were out and about ( )in the narrow streets of the Tsukiji Outer Market in Tokyo’s Chuo Ward, but it was rare to hear Chinese being spoken. Usually, the area is packed with ( )tourists, but many restaurants had empty seats -even at lunch time.
Hiroshi Tanabe, manager of a seafood barbeque ( )restaurant, said sales are down by 60 percent compared with ( )their peak ( ).
"I pray the situation will return to normal by the cherry blossom ( ) viewing season," Tanabe, 39, said. "For now, we just have to put up with ( )it."
中籍和日籍遊客皆從主要觀光景點銷聲匿跡
隨著對新型冠狀病毒疫情的恐懼增溫,通常中國遊客人滿為患的觀光景點,突然變得安靜。
害怕被感染的日本人,也迴避那些傳統上吸引大批人群的區域。
在(日本)國定假日2月11日,遊人穿梭於東京中央區築地場外市場的狹窄街道,但幾乎聽不到中文。該區通常擠滿遊客,但如今許多餐廳仍有空位—即使是在午餐時間。
海鮮燒烤餐廳經理田邊寬說,相較於全盛時期,業績下滑達6成之多。
「我祈求到了賞櫻季會恢復正常」,39歲的田邊說。「目前我們只能忍耐。」
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coronavirus outbreak中文 在 國家衛生研究院-論壇 Facebook 的最讚貼文
💗 疫情趨緩 應注意心理重建
-- 五招提升自我防疫-【安、靜、能、繫、望】
美國紐約市一名急診室主任因面對無止盡的病人與死亡,崩潰自殺;四月初,桃園一對同居男女,也被發現在居家檢疫期間燒炭輕生。新冠肺炎疫情延燒,全球民眾心理健康受到嚴厲考驗,「全國自殺防治中心」李明濱 主任提醒,政府與國人應關注疫情後的心理重建工作。(資料來源: 【註1】)
英國著名醫學雜誌《柳葉刀》精神疾病專刊(Lancet Psychiatry)最近刊登文章(註:【2、3】),呼籲疫情當前,當務之急需要提供及時的心理健康護理。多位心理學研究人員聯合撰寫的論文中特別警告:「至今,為病人和醫務工作者提供心理健康護理的問題關注不足」(資料來源:【註4】)
■ 疫情影響情緒 數據不容忽視
疫情發生當下,心理創傷主要屬於急性期,焦慮不安、緊張,此時最需要的是資訊提供,指揮中心每天舉行記者會,讓民眾知道疫情變化,有助於穩定民心,根據調查,僅有百分之六民眾因為疫情而有情緒困擾的問題,整體還算平穩。
但不論醫院或學校自殺通報,三月疫情最為嚴峻時,首次通報自殺個案為一八一八人,較二月一三八九人明顯上升許多;而明顯多於去年同期一七三九人。李明濱說,嚴重憂鬱症患者、性格較為敏感者、居家檢疫者屬於高危險群,受到疫情影響,情緒明顯變化,甚至萌生自殺意念。
■檢疫、隔離壓力大 應受關注
疫情趨緩後,隔離政策帶來的經濟、家庭問題是全面性的,經濟壓力慢慢浮現,如又伴隨失業、離婚、家庭暴力等壓力,自殺率恐將增高,提醒政府,防疫做得好,但須開始注意心理重建工作。
我國至今超過十二萬人接受過居家檢疫,近一萬人居家隔離,當自由突然受到剝奪,內心承受可能確診的不安,以及暫時無法工作的經濟壓力,且解除隔離後還會面對被汙名化、標籤化的壓力。
■心理影響 恐一兩年後才發作
心理層面的影響不一定在疫情當下顯現,以過去九二一震災、SARS為例,有些人在天災、感染後一、兩年才發生;以國家立場來看,不能因為疫情緩解就認為:「疫情過了,大家就平安囉!」
李明濱 教授認為,心理重建絕非衛福部所能負責,須跨部會整合,例如提供紓困、支持工作。此外,民眾應利用政府或自殺防治中心開發的心情檢測工具,關心自己及親友情緒變化,不要害怕尋求協助。(資料來源: 【註1】)
■疫情當前臨床心理主任五招提升自我防疫-【安靜能繫望】
衛生福利部桃園療養院臨床心理科劉瑞楨主任表示,持續且過多的壓力感受會影響到個體的免疫力,因此提醒相關人員千萬不要忽略自己的心理健康狀況,建議可以運用「安靜能繫望」的五個簡單概念提升自己的心理免疫力,也就是:
「安」-獲得正確訊息並做好適當安全的防護,如做好自己的安全防護裝置
「靜」-設法讓自己平靜及有正面的感受,如在工作片段中讓自己放鬆
「能」-做些自己可以做到的事情,如下班後玩個小遊戲或整理家務
「繫」-跟人保持感情聯繫,如跟同事或是家人傳訊聊天等
「望」-對未來要懷抱希望,如給自己疫情過後一個休閒計畫等
(資料來源: 【註5】)
★李明濱名譽教授、陳為堅教授為「國家衛生研究院論壇」發展計畫「台灣鎮靜安眠藥不當使用之防治策略」議題召集人
∎議題簡介:
利用國內外文獻回顧、現況分析與可行性評估,彙整目前實證基礎及鎮靜安眠藥使用/處方相關問題,並以流行病學資料評估安眠藥的處方量、非醫療使用 (nonmedical use) 率的年代趨勢,探討目前相關政策推展現況與知識上的落差,經由本計畫,提供推動台灣鎮靜安眠藥安全使用策略,透過政策的擬定與施行,期能提升產官學界及民眾對於此一重大問題的警覺性與因應力,減低並預防鎮靜安眠藥物濫用問題對國人健康與社會安全所造成的危害。
【Reference】
來源
➤➤資料
∎【註1】: 經濟日報「名家破解新冠肺炎/李明濱:疫情趨緩 應注意心理重建」: https://bit.ly/2YH1HZl
∎【註2】: 【新冠肺炎需要及時的精神健康照護】:《刺胳針—精神醫學》(Lancet Psychiatry) 期刊刊登一篇由中港澳精神醫學專家的一篇呼籲指出,由2003年SARS經驗中,四點建議同樣可以適用在本次新冠肺炎的精神健康照護,文整文章: https://bit.ly/2A0VYmE
∎【註3】: 期刊原文
📋 Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed
(2020/02/04)+中文摘要轉譯】
➥Author:Yu-Tao Xiang, Yuan Yang, Wen Li, et al.
➥Link:(The Lancet)
https://bit.ly/2W8rqYU
∎【註4】: (BBC中文网)「肺炎疫情:非常時期如何維護心理精神健康」: https://bbc.in/3fuWF7Z
∎【註5】: 桃園電子報「疫情當前臨床心理主任五招提升自我防疫」: https://bit.ly/3c9UlBi
➤➤照片
∎ 台灣臨床心理學會災難與創傷心理委員會 -【安、靜、能、繫、望五字訣的由來】: https://bit.ly/3dmnpWw
2.【國衛院論壇出版品 免費閱覽】
∎國家衛生研究院論壇出版品-電子書(PDF)-線上閱覽:
http://forum.nhri.org.tw/forum/book/
3.【國衛院論壇學術活動】
➤http://forum.nhri.org.tw/forum/category/conference/
#國家衛生研究院 #國衛院 #國家衛生研究院論壇 #國衛院論壇 #衛生福利部 #國民健康署 #健保署 #中央健康保險署 #五南圖書 #國家書店 #五南網路書店
#武漢肺炎 #新型冠狀病毒 #COVID-19 #Wuhan coronavirus #新興傳染病 #2019COVID19 #2019COVID19News
#李明濱 #心理健康護理 #安靜能繫望 #柳葉刀 #The Lancet #臨床心理科 #劉瑞楨 #安靜能繫望
全國自殺防治中心 / 衛生福利部桃園療養院 / 衛生福利部 / 國民健康署 / 財團法人國家衛生研究院 / 國家衛生研究院-論壇 / 衛生福利部社會及家庭署 / 疾病管制署 - 1922防疫達人 / 疾病管制署 / 心理師想跟你說
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🚩特別感謝陽明交通大學陳信宏教授,所帶領的自然語言處理團隊,以AI語音辨識、輔助人力校正,提供中文字幕。
❤ 字幕將於記者會後,24小時內提供。❤
♥ 小編推薦,認同請分享 ♥
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#公共電視 #看見更好的未來
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中央流行疫情指揮中心 莊人祥 發言人
🚩特別感謝陽明交通大學陳信宏教授,所帶領的自然語言處理團隊,以AI語音辨識、輔助人力校正,提供中文字幕。
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🦠 疫與記憶》網羅世界上的「疫聞疫事」
https://newmedia.pts.org.tw/virus-outbreak-global/
⁉ 誰是防制性隱私侵害的受害者?
https://pnn.pts.org.tw/project/inpage/2562
#口罩請留給需要的人 #防疫需要你我協力 #台灣加油
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Don't Blame the VICTIMS: Coronavirus outbreak and RACISM / 不應該檢討受害者:冠狀病毒與種族歧視(中文字幕). 1.7K views 2 years ago. ... <看更多>