【認真聽】 爆頭就對了 !| 從《#屍戰朝鮮:雅信傳》到《#惡靈古堡》| 晚期資本主義社會的屍檢 | 後人類未來 // 李長潔 👾
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看完《李屍朝鮮:#雅信傳》只有一個想法—「欸為什麼沒有可以按下一集的地方!」。真的很喜歡《#李屍朝鮮》,自從2019年看了第一季,那種「公路電影」般的一路跋涉,加上詭秘的政權鬥爭,還有寫實又魔幻的戰爭,重新定義了活屍文本的特徵與內涵。我們今天就談談「活屍」(#zombie)及其文本,活屍在大中文化中的意義,還有活屍也有社會學(?)
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基本上,我們認為,活屍電影、電玩、小說等,尤其在2000年後的興盛,是一種對晚期資本主義的屍檢。這些文本從政治、經濟、科學等領域,迂迴地提出「反-社會結構」的批評,並在倖存者身上,賦予某種「#後人類」式的期待。這種Ulrich Beck的「#解放性災難」,使我們思考新的社會型態與人類存在,並開啟未來的可種可能。
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📌 #今天的節目有
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▶ 李屍朝鮮與雅信傳
▶ 每個人心中都有一個活屍
▶ 活屍的系譜
▶ 活屍文本的基本解析
▶ 巫術所控制的活死人
▶ 活下來的人有這三種
▶ 作為一種後人類
▶ 爆頭就對了
▶ 對晚期資本主義社會的屍檢
▶ 末日重生—解放性的災難
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📣 #firstory 聽這裡:https://open.firstory.me/story/ckropkmml94wf0863oyg6vp2e
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📣 #kkbox 聽這裡:https://podcast.kkbox.com/episode/5YZl1BR-1MdCKbHpwX
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📣 #spotify 聽這裡:https://open.spotify.com/episode/1GzNMgApuTqh61IbAnXKXp?si=qKcV2omiRo2D9-eAwCUvIA&utm_source=copy-link&dl_branch=1
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📣 #apple 聽這裡:https://reurl.cc/R074Gg
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📣 #facebook 完整論述:https://www.facebook.com/208541192666847/posts/1818922671628683/
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///// 完整論述 /////
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▓ #李屍朝鮮與雅信傳
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想到2019第一次看到Netflix上的《李屍朝鮮》,非常驚豔,居然可以將活屍與歷史、政爭、戰爭混合在一起,創造一種全新的視野。第一季的片頭,令人頭皮發麻,逐集釋出的片段,你可以一集一集地慢慢發覺這是養屍的陰翳詭譎畫面。
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故事大概的背景是,16世紀末日本入侵朝鮮數年後的朝鮮王朝,王世子李蒼想見臥病在床十多天的父王,卻一直被宮人阻撓,直覺宮中有不可告人秘密。為追尋真相,李蒼微服暗訪醫治其父王的醫員,卻發現一場恐怖瘟疫正全國擴散,染疫的人會死而復活,變得非常嗜血及人肉,整個朝鮮正陷入一場滅亡危機。整個《李屍朝鮮》虛構地表現著真實的史實,包含16世紀的國際政治、政府治理、人民生活、飢荒與瘟疫,那些人吃人的殘酷歷史。
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雅信傳,運用了朝鮮與女真之間的緊張關係,架構了一個「生死草源起」的場面。其中全智賢以及她的部族,是夾在朝鮮與女真之間歸順政府的「城底野人」,以來往探密為生。活屍在這裡,指向某種「他者」,是一個民族傷痛的隱喻,本篇裡並沒有太多的謀策或活屍趕殺,更多的是在恨意上的不斷加深,這個被賤斥、賤踏的他者(沒有認同、失語、赤裸、遭受暴力),最終反撲成為一種灰滅性的瘋狂與災難。
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你是不是在最後活屍感染全滅軍隊時,感到內心充滿快感呢。你也可以藉雅信,明白前兩季的諸多橋段,包含生死草的來源、為何會出現、朝鮮的政爭、第二季結束時全智賢的詭異微笑。並且,藉由雅信這位女性角色的賤斥主體反撲,整個顛倒了前兩季的所有「皇權」(kingdom)統治。
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《李屍朝鮮》大概是近年K-zombie中,最典型又精彩的作品。它之所以好看,是因為其脫離了20-21世紀裡,成為重要的反烏托邦類型的活屍文本,獨樹一格。不過,我們還是回過頭來談談這整個影視發展中的活屍文本,其是對晚期資本主義世界的一種反映與批判。
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▓ #每個人心中有一個活屍
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套句導演李安的句法,每個人心中都有一個活屍。活屍電影已然成為當代最重要的電影類型之一,是一種結合怪物、恐怖、與科學幻想的文本。從1932年的《白殭屍》(White Zombie)開始,1968年George Romero執導的《活死人之夜》(Night of the Living Dead)興起,「活屍」一社會想像在40年內逐漸成為主流,時至今日已然有577部相關的活屍電影作品發行,尚未包含電玩、小說等其他傳播媒介。
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911事件後,活屍文本更蓬勃出現,成為當代流行文化中的重要類型。這些血腥恐怖的情節背後,與一般鬼片不同,其隱含著複雜的、預設式的、假設式、未來式、較積極的負面烏托邦,用通俗的方式探討著「反結構」(anti-structure)的趨勢,甚至可以說,活屍文本就是某種「社會科學的科幻」(Reed and Penfold-Mounce, 2015),是一種社會學的想像。後面就來漫談活屍文本。
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▓ #活屍的系譜—海地活屍
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林宛瑄(2017)回顧了活屍的系譜。她認為,當代習稱活屍的怪物依其所從出的歷史脈絡與形象變遷過程,可以區分為「#海地活屍」與「#美國活屍」,兩種活屍形象各有所對應的社會情境及衍生的政治文化意涵,兩者之間的關聯與差異則是揭示活屍的理論潛能所在之關鍵。
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簡言之,「海地活屍」為巫毒教的產物,例如「白殭屍」,海地人相信巫毒教巫師能夠藉由含河豚毒素的特定毒物與儀式,讓活人處於假死狀態,之後再藉另一種藥物使之復甦;但甦醒過來的受害者會失去許多心智功能,淪為受巫師操縱的奴隸。由於海地的歷史充滿被帝國殖民為奴的記憶,海地活屍逐漸演變為一種政治社會壓迫的象徵。
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▓ #活屍的系譜—美國活屍
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海地活屍在1920年代傳入美國,並在電影中,幾經轉變,最後由喬治羅米洛的活屍系列,將活屍由巫術型轉換成「感染型」。二十世紀西方大眾文化想像中的喪屍已從「#傳統神祕傳說中沒有心智且相對不具威脅性的奴性機器」轉變為「#兇惡且自我驅動的吃人機器」;活屍研究者不應將「海地喪屍」與「美國喪屍」的發展史混為一談。
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值得一提的是,喪屍擺脫巫師或奴隸主甚或殖民者支配後,始得成為所謂「常人怪物」(行屍走肉),方能夠代入各種社會脈絡與問題情境,凝聚吸納其間的想像與焦慮,羅米洛的活死人系列因此可說是活屍作為一種大眾文化史上重要的轉捩點。(林宛瑄,2017)所謂的「感染型活屍」。不論性別種族階級,任何人都可能轉變為活屍,人與喪屍之間的界線不再牢固,人無法輕易將活屍斥逐為與己對立之他者。只要有心(?),人人都可能是活屍。
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▓ #活屍電影的基本分析
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我們將557部活屍電影名稱做文字分析,可以得到一系列的詞彙,如邪惡(Evil)、重返(Return)、活死人(Undead)、黑暗(Dark)、屋舍(House)、居民(Resident)、啟示錄(Apocalypse)、戰爭(War)、變種(Mutant)。這些片名用字指向大眾對「人」(human)之常態的質疑與恐懼。活屍象徵著,道德人性的變質、資源稀缺的搶奪、社會集體歇斯底里的害怕、全球戰爭的末日想像、對傳染病的恐懼、與基因科技的深層不信任。簡單來說,即是在技術、風險、生命權力、恐怖主義等等概念力量將社會質變後,活屍電影重新定義了「人」的存在狀態。
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▓ #倖存者的隱喻
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在分析活屍文本時,我時常將重點放在「活屍」本身,以其作為一種對當代社會的隱喻與批判視角,但事實上,那些在災難中倖存的人類,也是很重要,他們可能是反映人類在世界存在的方式,與社會重建的未來。倖存者的分類,依賴原本的社會資源,純淨的社會結構。倖存者可以分類成「#群眾」(Multitude)、「#超人類」(transhuman)、「#後人類」(post-human)。
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在「群眾」的情況下,大眾被與活屍連接在一起,你可以在大部分的電影中看到這樣的場景,人口過剩的新自由主義社會中,一方面不幸成為活屍的大眾在社會結構中無腦的重複動作,另一方面,倖存的群眾則試圖恢復舊秩序,或是,衝破各種機構的框架,例如種族、性別等。這樣的集體大眾合作,也表現在活屍路跑的活動場面中。
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而「超人類」,是一種思考未來的方式,許多超人主義理論家與倡導者希望運用理性、科學和技術,並在此基礎上減少貧困、疾病、殘疾和全球各類折磨人的疾病。在《惡靈古堡》電影中,女主角Alice受感染又轉基因,變成一個超越人類界限的賽博格(cyborg),如Donna Haraway在《賽博格宣言》裡說的一樣,女性的暴力是對所有中心主義的一種超越與破壞,拋棄了所有人的從屬角色。
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所謂「後人類」(post human)狀態,少了超人類的超越,更多的是重新思考與風險共處的例外狀態,然後形成一種生命風格。是對未來人類個體趨勢的一種觀察、推測與想像,最著名的經典是Francis Fukuyama的《後人類未來-基因工程的人性浩劫》,他強調技術革命將帶來人類社會的終極改變,其中包含了道德界線的瓦解,與社會集體暴力的來臨。Ira Livingston與Judith Halberstam則描繪「後人類」是科技的設計,是藏有符碼傳染的軀體,是致命的肉身,人類不再屬於「人族」(the family of man),而是後人類的一員。諸多學者對人類個體的未來狀態有著不確定的憂慮,但也隱含重新思考的可能性。
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▓ #爆頭就對了
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在電玩《惡靈古堡》中,第一次將「生化武器」、「傳染病」、「病毒」等元素加入活屍文本。「這場流行病的傳染速度,比現代歷史上的任何疾病要快得多了。」在Covid-19的時代,在《惡靈古堡3》重製版(Resident Evil 3,2020)詭譎緊張的開場序曲中的這句話,令每一個身處在現在的玩家深深感到遊戲文本與現實生活之間的巧合。從1996年誕生於日本Sony公司的遊戲開發部的《惡靈古堡》(Resident Evil),以大規模傳染與生化實驗為故事基礎,展開第一代成人玩家恐怖科幻視野,也是幾十年來活屍類型文本(zombie genre)的重要原型之一。
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《惡靈古堡》的核心是T-virus病毒,這種將人類變異成活屍的虛構感染,讓玩家無論是通過歐式豪宅、非洲村落、亞州公寓,每一集都有。就算到了《惡靈古堡:村莊》(Resident Evil Village)的羅馬尼亞風格民間故事中,都還是可以碰見邪惡集團Umbrella Corporation,因為製造生化武器,而開啟的活屍末日。但對於《惡靈古堡》而言,一開始幾代你還會期待是有解藥的,可以回到末日前的社會。但最近的幾代,主角與活屍的距離開始混淆不清。
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▓ #活屍就是對晚期資本主義的屍檢
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又或者是《屍速列車》裡,列車上的病毒傳染末日最可怕的敵人除了活屍之外,還包括各種延伸出來的危機狀況,像是對糧食、飲用水、衛生的不信任,大量流竄的、囂張的、與恐慌的活人才是真正致命的對手。這些由活屍想像延伸出來的情境,全都指向全球化晚期資本主義下的災難,社會失序、病毒感染、生化戰爭、病毒疫苗突變等。
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此外,《屍速列車》是一部很特別的電影,它的成功,正是奠基在韓國的徹底失敗上,的確,電影中所提及的「世越號沈船事件」、「MERS疫情」等真實事件,都體現了導演在韓國社會中的生活經歷,看見了韓國階層文化的不公平、國家體系的失常、經濟壓力下,人們渴望「逃跑」。所以我們看到《屍速列車》裡有不同群體之間的權力關係,例如資本家對雇員的指使、社會對高齡的排擠等;也看到軍隊體系的暴亂之力;一節節的車廂裡的失序場景,反而在極端的條件下將韓國的社會秩序表現了出來。而失速的列車也逃往向釜山,一個韓國經濟的重量級災區。
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其他的電影如《活人生吃》、《毀滅倒數28天》也時常描繪「商場裡的消費活屍」、「倖存者的險惡競爭」、「資源的匱乏」、「極具才能的才德至上英雄」、「巨大邪惡的企業(與科學家)」、「失能又極權的軍政複合體」,也時常是活屍電影的重要場景。都很像是對晚期資本主義的一場場屍檢。
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▓ #人與非人的共生的遊牧主義
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活屍片通常很短,觀眾看到的只是一個傳染的展開片段,但如果像是《陰屍路》這種發展很長的篇幅,就可以看人們開始嘗試展開新的生活。有趣的是,活屍科幻電影看似悲觀,這些倖存者卻總為未來社會帶來希望,追尋一個新的社會結構。例如《屍速列車》,電影中主角孔劉與其他人物的關係描繪得十分飽滿。一個故事由主角構成,主角本身卻又由許許多多的其他人構成,互動來去,在情緒、情感、合作策略的各種人際關係行為中,維繫了「人」存在於這個世界末日的價值。又或者是超級長篇《陰屍路》、被罵翻的《最後生存者2》,到後來已經展開各種活屍末日的生活共同體實驗,活屍末日是新世界的開始,在這個世界中「沒有強而有力的中央政府或傳統的社會建制,只有一群剛強的倖存者」(林宛瑄,2017)。
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剝去感官主義的票房刺激,我們可以思考,在當代流行文化中被大量產出的殭屍文本,也許並不是我們恐懼上述的「後人類怪物」,而是我們每個人心中都有一個具殭屍,他提醒著當代人類身上存在著「跨界性」,我們必須要在無法可管的條件(社會變動太過劇烈)下創造新的律法。這是「後人類」的啟蒙,在最狂暴卻又極度管制的的區域中重新創造「人」的存在。
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▓ #解放式災難的契機
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我們可以用哲學家Giorgio Agamben的「例外狀態」(state of exception)來解釋這活屍延伸出來的後人類思考。在活屍科幻電影鋪成的過程中逐漸展開視域,可以發現空間與政治、生命與法律、混亂與正常之間已經失去清楚界線,這種「例外狀態」標示著當代社會型態的狂暴與管制、安全與風險的共存。而就是因為《李屍朝鮮》、《陰屍路》、《屍速列車》、《惡靈古堡》以及其他的活屍類型文本中,存在著活屍的暴力性、動物性、去道德化,反而強化了主角與其他角色之間社會關係,那些是人性的脆弱、難得的尊重與無私的互動,這些是維護「人」所存在的最後理由。「最後生存者」,這種新的存在方式,不純然是對非人狀態的拋棄恐懼,更可以是一種共振、共活(想想看這兩年的全球疫情)。
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所以,活屍文本可以反映Ulrich Beck(周桂田、徐健銘,2016)提出的「解放式災難」,災難的風險可能帶來變革與解放的契機。「活屍」給我們一種壓力,一種啟事,一種警告,告訴我們自己即將面臨(或正處於)例外世界,承認當代人類個體已然是各種跨界性的混合體,但我們依然盡力地維護著人性的價值與個體安全的保證,在可能是最壞的未來情境裡,持續重新定義人類存在的意義。
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📕 #參考文獻
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1. 周桂田、徐健銘(2016)。進擊的世界風險社會挑戰。二十一世紀雙月刊。
2. 林宛瑄(2017)。我們就是喪屍:《 陰屍路》 中的喪屍末日與再創生。英美文學評論。
3. Fukuyama, F. (2006). The end of history and the last man. Simon and Schuster.
4. Halberstam, J. (1995). Ira Livingston, eds. 1995. Posthuman Bodies.
5. Reed, D., & Penfold-Mounce, R. (2015). Zombies and the sociological imagination: The walking dead as social-science fiction. In The zombie renaissance in popular culture (pp. 124-138). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
同時也有2部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過6萬的網紅大人的玩具,也在其Youtube影片中提到,論文摘要 現今社會,成年人有著來自社會與生活的多方壓力,而這種壓力需要釋放,以慰藉情感,供成年人把玩之玩具就可作為釋放壓力的一個途徑。 過去人們認為玩具是兒童的專利,成年人如果玩玩具就會被認為是不務正業。但隨著時代的不斷變化,人們對於玩具的認識也更加豐富和多元化,成年人在情感需求之要求下,也希望通過...
culture war中文 在 主播 路怡珍 Facebook 的最佳解答
【#拜登就職演說全文】★中英版本★
資料來源:美國白宮新聞稿
This is America’s day. This is democracy’s day.
A day of history and hope. Of renewal and resolve.
Through a crucible for the ages America has been tested anew and America has risen to the challenge.
Today, we celebrate the triumph not of a candidate, but of a cause, the cause of democracy.
The will of the people has been heard and the will of the people has been heeded.
We have learned again that democracy is precious.
Democracy is fragile.
And at this hour, my friends, democracy has prevailed.
So now, on this hallowed ground where just days ago violence sought to shake this Capitol’s very foundation, we come together as one nation, under God, indivisible, to carry out the peaceful transfer of power as we have for more than two centuries.
We look ahead in our uniquely American way – restless, bold, optimistic – and set our sights on the nation we know we can be and we must be.
I thank my predecessors of both parties for their presence here.
I thank them from the bottom of my heart.
You know the resilience of our Constitution and the strength of our nation.
As does President Carter, who I spoke to last night but who cannot be with us today, but whom we salute for his lifetime of service.
I have just taken the sacred oath each of these patriots took — an oath first sworn by George Washington.
But the American story depends not on any one of us, not on some of us, but on all of us.
On “We the People” who seek a more perfect Union.
This is a great nation and we are a good people.
Over the centuries through storm and strife, in peace and in war, we have come so far. But we still have far to go.
We will press forward with speed and urgency, for we have much to do in this winter of peril and possibility.
Much to repair.
Much to restore.
Much to heal.
Much to build.
And much to gain.
Few periods in our nation’s history have been more challenging or difficult than the one we’re in now.
A once-in-a-century virus silently stalks the country.
It’s taken as many lives in one year as America lost in all of World War II.
Millions of jobs have been lost.
Hundreds of thousands of businesses closed.
A cry for racial justice some 400 years in the making moves us. The dream of justice for all will be deferred no longer.
A cry for survival comes from the planet itself. A cry that can’t be any more desperate or any more clear.
And now, a rise in political extremism, white supremacy, domestic terrorism that we must confront and we will defeat.
To overcome these challenges – to restore the soul and to secure the future of America – requires more than words.
It requires that most elusive of things in a democracy:
Unity.
Unity.
In another January in Washington, on New Year’s Day 1863, Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation.
When he put pen to paper, the President said, “If my name ever goes down into history it will be for this act and my whole soul is in it.”
My whole soul is in it.
Today, on this January day, my whole soul is in this:
Bringing America together.
Uniting our people.
And uniting our nation.
I ask every American to join me in this cause.
Uniting to fight the common foes we face:
Anger, resentment, hatred.
Extremism, lawlessness, violence.
Disease, joblessness, hopelessness.
With unity we can do great things. Important things.
We can right wrongs.
We can put people to work in good jobs.
We can teach our children in safe schools.
We can overcome this deadly virus.
We can reward work, rebuild the middle class, and make health care
secure for all.
We can deliver racial justice.
We can make America, once again, the leading force for good in the world.
I know speaking of unity can sound to some like a foolish fantasy.
I know the forces that divide us are deep and they are real.
But I also know they are not new.
Our history has been a constant struggle between the American ideal that we are all created equal and the harsh, ugly reality that racism, nativism, fear, and demonization have long torn us apart.
The battle is perennial.
Victory is never assured.
Through the Civil War, the Great Depression, World War, 9/11, through struggle, sacrifice, and setbacks, our “better angels” have always prevailed.
In each of these moments, enough of us came together to carry all of us forward.
And, we can do so now.
History, faith, and reason show the way, the way of unity.
We can see each other not as adversaries but as neighbors.
We can treat each other with dignity and respect.
We can join forces, stop the shouting, and lower the temperature.
For without unity, there is no peace, only bitterness and fury.
No progress, only exhausting outrage.
No nation, only a state of chaos.
This is our historic moment of crisis and challenge, and unity is the path forward.
And, we must meet this moment as the United States of America.
If we do that, I guarantee you, we will not fail.
We have never, ever, ever failed in America when we have acted together.
And so today, at this time and in this place, let us start afresh.
All of us.
Let us listen to one another.
Hear one another.
See one another.
Show respect to one another.
Politics need not be a raging fire destroying everything in its path.
Every disagreement doesn’t have to be a cause for total war.
And, we must reject a culture in which facts themselves are manipulated and even manufactured.
My fellow Americans, we have to be different than this.
America has to be better than this.
And, I believe America is better than this.
Just look around.
Here we stand, in the shadow of a Capitol dome that was completed amid the Civil War, when the Union itself hung in the balance.
Yet we endured and we prevailed.
Here we stand looking out to the great Mall where Dr. King spoke of his dream.
Here we stand, where 108 years ago at another inaugural, thousands of protestors tried to block brave women from marching for the right to vote.
Today, we mark the swearing-in of the first woman in American history elected to national office – Vice President Kamala Harris.
Don’t tell me things can’t change.
Here we stand across the Potomac from Arlington National Cemetery, where heroes who gave the last full measure of devotion rest in eternal peace.
And here we stand, just days after a riotous mob thought they could use violence to silence the will of the people, to stop the work of our democracy, and to drive us from this sacred ground.
That did not happen.
It will never happen.
Not today.
Not tomorrow.
Not ever.
To all those who supported our campaign I am humbled by the faith you have placed in us.
To all those who did not support us, let me say this: Hear me out as we move forward. Take a measure of me and my heart.
And if you still disagree, so be it.
That’s democracy. That’s America. The right to dissent peaceably, within the guardrails of our Republic, is perhaps our nation’s greatest strength.
Yet hear me clearly: Disagreement must not lead to disunion.
And I pledge this to you: I will be a President for all Americans.
I will fight as hard for those who did not support me as for those who did.
Many centuries ago, Saint Augustine, a saint of my church, wrote that a people was a multitude defined by the common objects of their love.
What are the common objects we love that define us as Americans?
I think I know.
Opportunity.
Security.
Liberty.
Dignity.
Respect.
Honor.
And, yes, the truth.
Recent weeks and months have taught us a painful lesson.
There is truth and there are lies.
Lies told for power and for profit.
And each of us has a duty and responsibility, as citizens, as Americans, and especially as leaders – leaders who have pledged to honor our Constitution and protect our nation — to defend the truth and to defeat the lies.
I understand that many Americans view the future with some fear and trepidation.
I understand they worry about their jobs, about taking care of their families, about what comes next.
I get it.
But the answer is not to turn inward, to retreat into competing factions, distrusting those who don’t look like you do, or worship the way you do, or don’t get their news from the same sources you do.
We must end this uncivil war that pits red against blue, rural versus urban, conservative versus liberal.
We can do this if we open our souls instead of hardening our hearts.
If we show a little tolerance and humility.
If we’re willing to stand in the other person’s shoes just for a moment.
Because here is the thing about life: There is no accounting for what fate will deal you.
There are some days when we need a hand.
There are other days when we’re called on to lend one.
That is how we must be with one another.
And, if we are this way, our country will be stronger, more prosperous, more ready for the future.
My fellow Americans, in the work ahead of us, we will need each other.
We will need all our strength to persevere through this dark winter.
We are entering what may well be the toughest and deadliest period of the virus.
We must set aside the politics and finally face this pandemic as one nation.
I promise you this: as the Bible says weeping may endure for a night but joy cometh in the morning.
We will get through this, together
The world is watching today.
So here is my message to those beyond our borders: America has been tested and we have come out stronger for it.
We will repair our alliances and engage with the world once again.
Not to meet yesterday’s challenges, but today’s and tomorrow’s.
We will lead not merely by the example of our power but by the power of our example.
We will be a strong and trusted partner for peace, progress, and security.
We have been through so much in this nation.
And, in my first act as President, I would like to ask you to join me in a moment of silent prayer to remember all those we lost this past year to the pandemic.
To those 400,000 fellow Americans – mothers and fathers, husbands and wives, sons and daughters, friends, neighbors, and co-workers.
We will honor them by becoming the people and nation we know we can and should be.
Let us say a silent prayer for those who lost their lives, for those they left behind, and for our country.
Amen.
This is a time of testing.
We face an attack on democracy and on truth.
A raging virus.
Growing inequity.
The sting of systemic racism.
A climate in crisis.
America’s role in the world.
Any one of these would be enough to challenge us in profound ways.
But the fact is we face them all at once, presenting this nation with the gravest of responsibilities.
Now we must step up.
All of us.
It is a time for boldness, for there is so much to do.
And, this is certain.
We will be judged, you and I, for how we resolve the cascading crises of our era.
Will we rise to the occasion?
Will we master this rare and difficult hour?
Will we meet our obligations and pass along a new and better world for our children?
I believe we must and I believe we will.
And when we do, we will write the next chapter in the American story.
It’s a story that might sound something like a song that means a lot to me.
It’s called “American Anthem” and there is one verse stands out for me:
“The work and prayers
of centuries have brought us to this day
What shall be our legacy?
What will our children say?…
Let me know in my heart
When my days are through
America
America
I gave my best to you.”
Let us add our own work and prayers to the unfolding story of our nation.
If we do this then when our days are through our children and our children’s children will say of us they gave their best.
They did their duty.
They healed a broken land.
My fellow Americans, I close today where I began, with a sacred oath.
Before God and all of you I give you my word.
I will always level with you.
I will defend the Constitution.
I will defend our democracy.
I will defend America.
I will give my all in your service thinking not of power, but of possibilities.
Not of personal interest, but of the public good.
And together, we shall write an American story of hope, not fear.
Of unity, not division.
Of light, not darkness.
An American story of decency and dignity.
Of love and of healing.
Of greatness and of goodness.
May this be the story that guides us.
The story that inspires us.
The story that tells ages yet to come that we answered the call of history.
We met the moment.
That democracy and hope, truth and justice, did not die on our watch but thrived.
That our America secured liberty at home and stood once again as a beacon to the world.
That is what we owe our forebearers, one another, and generations to follow.
So, with purpose and resolve we turn to the tasks of our time.
Sustained by faith.
Driven by conviction.
And, devoted to one another and to this country we love with all our hearts.
May God bless America and may God protect our troops.
Thank you, America.
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★ 中文翻譯:資料來源中央社CNA
這是美國的一天,這是民主的一天,是歷史和希望的一天,是更新與決心的一天。美國幾個世代經過熔爐的考驗之後,如今再次遭到試煉,而且已再次奮起應付挑戰。今天,我們慶祝的不是一位候選人的勝利,而是一個奮鬥目標的勝利,是為民主的奮鬥。人民的意志被聽見了,人民的意志得到了關注。
我們再次學到,民主是珍貴的,民主是脆弱的,而在此刻,朋友們,民主已然勝利。短短幾天之前,還有暴力試圖撼動國會的根基,但今天我們齊聚這個莊嚴的所在,以一個在上帝之下不可分裂的國家,展開權力的和平轉移,一如我國200多年的傳統。
我們要用美國特有的方式,也就是不停歇、勇敢、樂觀的方式展望未來。放眼我們可以成為、也必須成為的國家。我謝謝今天蒞臨的兩黨前任總統,我衷心感謝,你們知道我國憲法的韌性,以及我們國家的力量。卡特總統(Jimmy Carter)也是,我昨晚與他通了電話,但他不克前來。我們為他畢生的奉獻向他致敬。
我剛才跟這幾位愛國者一樣鄭重宣誓,一篇最初由華盛頓宣讀的誓詞。然而,美國故事靠的不是我們任何一個人,或一部分人,而是我們全體。它靠的是「我們人民」,在尋求一個更好的合眾國的人民。這是個偉大的國家,我們是一群良善的人。
經歷過去幾個世紀的風雨和衝突、和平與戰爭,我們走過很長一段路,但前方還有很長一段路要走。我們將快速緊急前行,因為在這個危險與機會的冬天,我們有很多事要做。有很多需要修補、需要恢復、需要癒合。有許多需要建設,也可以有很多收穫。
在我國歷史上,很少人或很少時刻面臨著比我們目前更大的挑戰或困難。百年一見、無聲無息蔓延整個國家的病毒,在一年之內奪走的人命,跟美國在第二次世界大戰犧牲的總人數一樣多。數百萬工作機會流失,成千上萬企業關門。
400年來的種族正義的呼聲感動著我們,全民同享公義的夢想將不再拖後。地球生存的呼聲再急迫不過,也再清楚不過。如今政治極端主義、白人至上主義和本土恐怖主義的興起,讓我們有必要起來面對並將它們擊倒。
克服這些挑戰、恢復美國靈魂和鞏固未來需要的不只是話語,而是民主當中最難以捉摸的部分,那就是團結一心,團結一心。
另一個一月天,在1863年開年之時,林肯總統簽署解放奴隸宣言。讓我引述他在下筆時所說的話:「如果我留名青史,將會是因為這份宣言,以及我投注其中的全心全意。」
今天,同樣在一月裡,我全心全意投注於此:團結全體國人,團結整個國家。我請求所有美國人加入,和我一起努力,團結對抗我們共同的敵人:怨氣、不滿、仇恨、極端主義、目無法紀的行為、暴力、疾病、失業和無助。
團結一心,我們能夠成就偉大事業、重要的事情。我們可以糾正錯誤,可以讓民眾找到好的工作,可以在安全的校園教導孩子,可以克服這個致命的病毒。我們可以讓工作獲得報酬,重建中產階級,可以提供全民健保,可以兌現種族正義,讓美國再次成為世界主要的良善力量。
我明白,這個時候談論團結聽起來像愚昧的天方夜譚,我知道分裂我們的力量又深又真切,但我也知道這些力量不是現在才出現。美國向來在人人平等這個理想,和國家長期被種族主義、本土主義、恐懼和妖魔化分化的醜陋現實之間掙扎。這個征戰從未止息,勝利並無保證。
從南北戰爭、大蕭條、世界大戰到911恐攻,儘管歷經奮鬥、犧牲和挫折,良善的天使向來都會勝利。每當遇到這種時刻,我們都會有足夠的人團結一心,讓全國一起向前,我們現在也可以這麼做。
歷史、信仰和理性指向一條明路,一條團結之路。我們可以不把彼此當成敵人,而是鄰居。我們可以尊嚴和尊重彼此相待,可以同心協力,停止叫囂,讓溫度冷卻。因為沒有團結就沒有和平,只會留下苦毒與憤怒;不會有進步,只會有讓人厭倦的離譜言行;不會有國家,只會有混亂狀態。
這是我們危機和挑戰的歷史性一刻,而團結是前進的道路,我們必須以合眾國的姿態來面對這一刻,若能做到,我向諸位保證我們不會失敗。當我們團結起來,我們從來就不曾失敗,因此在這一天,在此時此刻,就在這裡,讓我們重新來過,全體一起來。讓我們開始再次彼此聆聽,讓對方說,相互探望,對彼表達尊重。
政治不必像這一團熊熊之火,燒毀一切,歧見不必成為全面戰爭的理由。我們必須摒棄操弄甚至捏造事實的文化,同胞們,我們不能這樣,美國必須不只是這個樣子,而且我相信美國不至淪落至此。
看看四周,我們站在國會大廈圓頂之下,這是南北戰爭時期完成的,當時美國的前途還在未定之天,但我們挺過來了,我們勝利了。我們現在站在此,看著偉大的國家廣場,金恩博士(Martin Luther King Jr.)曾對廣場上的群眾訴說他的夢想。也是在這裡,108年前的另一場就職典禮,數以千計的抗議人士試圖阻撓一群勇敢的婦女遊行爭取投票權。
今天我們見證副總統賀錦麗創造美國歷史,成為第一位擔任國家領導人的女性,別告訴我事情無法改變。
我們站在這裡,隔著波多馬克河(Potomac River)遠眺阿靈頓國家公墓(Arlington National Cemetery),也就是為國捐軀的英雄長眠之地。我們站在這裡,不過幾天前,暴動的群眾以為他們可用暴力箝制民眾的意志,阻撓民主運作,把我們驅逐出這塊聖地。但事情未如他們所願,今天不會,明天也不會,永遠都不會。
每位支持我們參選的民眾,我因你們給予我們的信心感到謙卑。對於沒有支持我們的人,讓我對你們說:未來請聽我說的話,評量我和我的心。如果你們還是不同意,也罷。這就是民主。這就是美國。以平和的方式在我們國家的規範之內表達異議的權利,可能是我國最大的優勢。
但請聽清楚:不同意見絕對不能變成不團結。而且我向各位保證,我要當全體國人的總統。不論你支持我或不支持我,我都將同樣為你們而努力。
好幾個世紀之前,我所屬教會的聖者聖奧古斯丁(Saint Augustine)曾經寫道,人民是個群體,由他們共同喜愛的東西所定義。身為美國人,我們共同喜愛而且能定義我們的東西是什麼?我想我們都知道:機會、安定、自由、尊嚴、尊重、榮譽,是的,還有真相。
最近的幾個星期、幾個月給了我們痛苦的教訓:有真相,也有謊言,為了權力和利益而說的謊言。我們每個人做為公民,做為美國人,特別是身為領導者的人,曾經承諾要遵守憲法、保護我們的國家的領導者,有職責、有責任要捍衛真相、打敗謊言。
我瞭解有許多同胞以害怕、惶恐的心情看待未來。我瞭解他們擔心工作問題。我瞭解他們像我父親那樣,夜裡躺在床上盯著天花板,想著得要有醫療保險、有貸款要付、想著他們的家庭,想著接下來會如何。我跟各位保證,我瞭解。但答案不是退縮,不是進入到彼此競爭的派系,不信任看起來跟你不一樣的人,跟你有不同信仰的人,或者新聞來源不同於你的人。
我們必須結束這場「無禮的戰爭」,它讓紅藍對立、鄉村與都市的民眾對立、保守派與自由派對立。我們可以做到,如果我們敞開心胸,而不是讓我們的心變硬,如果我們展現一些包容和謙虛,如果我們願意為別人設想,就像我母親說的:只要一下子就好,為別人設想。
因為人生就是這樣,你無法預知命運。有些時候,你會需要別人伸出援手,還有些時候,人家會請你伸出援手。就是要這樣,這就是我們為彼此做的事。如果我們這麼做,我們的國家就會更強大、更繁榮,更能為未來做好準備,而且我們還是可以有不同意見。
同胞們,我們在推動未來的工作時,會需要彼此。我們要集舉國之力,才能度過這個黑暗的冬天。我們可能在進入疫情最嚴重、最致命的階段。我們必須把政治擺在一邊,要終於能夠舉國對抗這個大流行,用舉國之力。我向各位保證,就如聖經所說:「一宿雖有哭泣,早晨便必歡呼。」我們將可一起度過,一起!
各位,我跟我在參眾兩院的同事們都瞭解,世人正在觀看,他們今天在看著我們,因此這是我要對國外傳達的訊息:美國受到試煉,而我們因此更為茁壯。我們將修補我們與盟國的關係,再次與世界往來,不是為了面對昨天的挑戰,而是今天和明天的挑戰。我們將不是藉著我們力量的典範來領導,而是憑藉我們典範的力量。我們將會是和平、進步與安定堅強而且可信賴的夥伴。
各位都知道,我們國家經歷了許多事情。我做為總統要做的第一件事,是要請你們跟我一起,為過去一年因疫情喪生的人們默禱,紀念那40萬個同胞,母親、父親、丈夫、妻子、兒子、女兒、朋友、鄰居和同事們。我們要成為我們自知可以成為、而且應該成為的人民和國家,以此榮耀他們。因此我請大家,一起為離世和失去親友的人們,還有我們的國家默禱,……阿們。
各位,這是試煉的時刻。我們面對對民主與真相的攻擊、正在肆虐的病毒、嚴重的不公、系統性的種族歧視、陷入危機的氣候,還有美國在全球的角色問題。其中任何一點都足以對我們構成嚴重的挑戰。但事實是,我們在同時面對這一切,這讓美國挑起我們最重大的責任之一。我們將受到試煉,我們能迎接挑戰嗎?這是大膽的時候,因為有好多事情要做。
而我向各位保證,這點是肯定的:你我將被評判,標準是我們如何解決這個時代一一發生的危機。我們將迎接挑戰。我們能否戰勝這個罕見而艱難的時刻?我們能否履行我們的義務,把一個新的、更好的世界傳給我們的下一代?我相信我們必須那麼做,而且我相信你們也這麼認為。我相信我們會,而且當我們做到,我們將寫下美國歷史偉大的新章節。美國的故事。
這個故事可能像一首對我來說深具意義的歌曲,它叫「美國頌」(American Anthem),它有一段歌詞至少對我來說很特別,它是這樣說的:「數百年的努力與祈禱讓我們來到今天,我們有什麼能傳承下去?我們的子孫會怎麼說?當我的日子結束,讓我內心知曉,美國,美國,我已為你付出最大努力。」
讓我們把我們自己的努力和祈禱,加到我們偉大的國家仍在發展的故事之中。如果我們做到,那麼當我們的日子結束,我們的子孫和他們的子孫會說:「他們付出了最大的努力,他們盡了他們的責任,他們修補了破碎的國家。」
同胞們,我的結語要跟開頭一樣,有個神聖的誓言。在上帝和各位面前,我向你們保證。我將始終開誠布公,我將捍衛憲法,我將捍衛我們的民主。我將捍衛美國,全心全力奉獻為你們服務,心中想的不是權力,而是可能性,不是私利,而是公眾的利益。我們將一起寫下美國希望的故事,而非恐懼的故事,是團結而非分歧,是光明而非黑暗。是禮貌與尊嚴、愛與療癒、偉大與善良的故事。
希望這是引導我們的故事、啟發我們的故事,是能告訴未來的世世代代我們回應歷史的召喚並且回應了時代挑戰的故事。民主與希望、真相與公義沒有在我們的時代衰亡,而是生生不息,美國固守了國內的自由,並且再次成為世界的明燈。這是我們對先人、對彼此和對未來世世代代的責任。
因此,我們要有目標、有決心,把注意力轉向這個時代的任務,靠信心來維持,靠信念來驅使,為彼此和我們全心熱愛的國家而奉獻。願上帝保佑美國,保守我們的三軍。謝謝美國!
culture war中文 在 彭文正 Facebook 的最讚貼文
轉載Chenchen Chen fb
🛠《大家來找碴welcome strict proofreader 》
看到Christopher Chen附在獨立觀察的連結,披露日本記者黑木亮著手調查東京知事小池百合子的埃及開羅大學學歴史,所以整理了文章一半的中英對照如下,另外一半預期周末整理好再另外貼新版。
大家可以比較東京知事和她的大貴人(埃及前副首相Dr Hatem)如何促使她主張她1976年確從埃及開羅大學畢業的做法。台灣媒體不敢報導此日本疑似假學歷的新聞,倒是刷了很多東京知事抗疫好棒棒的中文報導-想必是要洗嬰粉的腦「會做事就好了,學歷有什麼重要」哈哈😄⋯⋯
✳️原文連結: https://jbpress.ismedia.jp/articles/-/60643
🔥偽造大學學位的指控困擾東京都知事小池百合子(Vol.4)
Allegations of fake university degree haunt Tokyo Governor Yuriko Koike (vol.4)
💥自從現任東京都知事小池百合子(Yuriko Koike)於1992年成為國會議員以來,一直有謠言流傳稱,小池百合子(Koike)文飾美化她的學歷。
Ever since the incumbent Governor of Tokyo, Yuriko Koike became a Member of Parliament in 1992, rumors have been circulating that Koike embellished her academic credentials.
小池聲稱自己曾自開羅大學畢業,但是如果以阿拉伯語為母語的人去聽她的阿拉伯語,那麼她公開身為開羅大學畢業生的學歷,似乎就顯得更加可疑了。
Koike claims to have graduated from Cairo University but if an Arabic speaker listens to her Arabic, her published academic credentials as a Cairo University graduate seems more than dubious.
[我有]強有力的證據可以證明她偽造學歷,例如由室友提供的證詞-有紀錄片可查的證詞;小池的自相矛盾的說法表明,儘管第一年不及格,她仍然在四年之內畢業,她的初階程度阿拉伯語,以及關於畢業論文的謊言,和她拒絕向東京都議會提交畢業文件的頑強行為。
There are strong evidence about her fake academic credentials such as testimony by the flatmate supported by documentary evidence, Koike's self-contradictory statement in her book to have graduated in four years despite failing her first year, her rudimentary Arabic, her lie about the graduation thesis and her stubbornness in refusing to submit her graduation documents to the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly.
身為一個通曉阿拉伯語並從埃及大學(開羅美國大學的中東研究專業)畢業的人,我自有一種任務感,因此我決定對這些指控進行調查。 經過兩年的調查,我找不到任何證據,甚至沒有一絲一毫的最低線索,可以證明小池是從開羅大學畢業的。
Feeling a sense of duty as someone who learnt Arabic and graduated from an Egyptian university (MA, Middle East Studies from the American University in Cairo), I decided to investigate the allegations. After two years of investigation, I could not find any evidence, nor even the slightest hint that Koike graduated from Cairo University.
在這個共由六大部組成的文章中,我詳細介紹了我的調查結果。這裡是第四部的內容:
In this six-part article, I present the results of my investigation in detail.Here is the fourth part of it;
💥小池有符合[埃及大學]轉學資格嗎?
Was Koike eligible to transfer?
"小池在她的書中和其他地方聲稱,她於1972年10月開學以一年級(新鮮人)生身分進入開羅大學。
Koike claims in her books and other places that she entered Cairo University as a first year student (freshman) in October 1972.
但是,她室友在"假簡歷”紀錄片中說:“小池是於1973年10月以二年級學生身分進入開羅大學。
However, in the ""Fake CV"" the flatmate says, ""Koike entered Cairo University in October 1973 as a second year student.
「小池高興地對我說:“我父親先請當時的哈特姆博士,當時也是埃及副首相,還兼任文化和信息部長,依據我在關西學院大學-是一間日本兵庫縣的私立大學-所上課的幾個月[學程],加上另外在開羅美國大學的上語言課程的幾個月,一起調整合併當成是我在開羅大學就讀的第一學年[學程時間]。」
Koike happily told me ‘My father asked Dr. Hatem, then Egypt's Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Culture and Information, to swap my few months at Kwansei Gakuin University, a private university in Hyogo prefecture, and a few months at the language course at the American University in Cairo for the first year at Cairo University. ‘
「哈特姆博士接受了這一要求。此外,我的學雜費和申請費全免除了。 」
‘Dr. Hatem accepted the request. In addition, my tuition and admission fees have been waived’ .
這顯然是寫在室友1972年11月19日給她在日本母親的信中的。根據“假簡歷”該部分陳述的內容,她(室友)大部分信都附有信件日期和郵戳。 如果是這樣,他們這些人都將會被埃及法院起訴。
This is apparently written in the flatmate’s letter to her mother in Japan dated 19 November 1972. According to the ""Fake CV"" most of her letters were dated and postmarked. If so, they will be admissible to court."
呈現在“假簡歷”的內容中,含當時也正在埃及另一所大學就讀的另一名日本女性,她說,她對小池當時可以轉入開羅大學二年級就讀感到驚訝。 我(作者:黑木亮)所採訪過的另一位開羅大學的日本畢業生也記得:小池當年是[直接]轉入開羅大學二年級。
In the ""Fake CV"" another Japanese woman who was attending another university in Egypt at the time says she was surprised that Koike had transferred in the second year at Cairo University. Another Japanese graduate of Cairo University whom I interviewed also remembered that Koike had transferred to the second year."
然而,轉學到包括開羅大學在內的埃及國立大學訂有嚴格的規定。為了進行轉學,學生必須在另一所大學獲得與埃及國立大學課程相同或相似的內容和學習時數的學分,並且必須獲得一定程度的成績。 開羅大學轉學中心辦公室向我證實了這一點。
However, strict rules are in place to transfer to Egypt's state universities, including Cairo University. In order to transfer, a student must have earned credits at another university with the same or similar content and number of hours as the Egyptian state university’s curriculum and must have earned a certain number of grades. This was confirmed to me by the Central Transfers Office of Cairo University.
例如,在2016-17學年,如果學生希望:
-轉學到工程或醫學學院,則必須從其他大學獲得至少imtiyaaz(優秀)成績。
-轉學實務研究學院,則必須從其他大學獲得至少jaiid jiddab(非常好)的成績。
-轉學理論學習研究學院,則必須從其他大學獲得至少jaiid (好)的成績。
In the case of the 2016-17 academic year, for example, students are required to have at least imtiyaaz (excellent) grade from other university if the student wishes to transfer to the Faculty of Engineering or Medicine and at least jaiid jiddan (very good) grade in the case of faculties of practical study and at least jaiid (good) grade for those of theoretical study.
前面如曾經提到的記者,達莉亞·施貝爾(Dalia Shibel)這樣告訴我:“在埃及,國立大學和私立大學是兩個完全不同的系統。即使您在開羅的美國大學學習了10年並獲得了必要的學分,您還是必須從開羅(國立)大學的一年級學生重新開始。這是我國的法律”。 因此,像小池這樣沒有在另一所大學讀完一年(也沒有獲得任何學分)的人是完全不可能被核准轉學的。
The aforementioned journalist Dalia Shibel told me that ""In Egypt state universities and private universities are two completely different systems. Even if you study at the American University in Cairo for 10 years obtaining necessary credits, you have to start as a first year student in Cairo University. This is the law of our country"". Therefore it is totally impossible that a person like Koike who has not finished a year at another university (and has not earned any credits) would be allowed to transfer."
小池最多只在關西學院大學學習了幾個月。 她在開羅的美國大學CASA那裡學習阿拉伯語只是一所語言學校,不提供任何學分或學位。 如果像一些日本人指出的那樣,小池真果真是在1973年轉入開羅大學第二年級的話,那不過是欺詐性的轉學而已。 這意味著她從一開始就沒有資格畢業。
Koike only attended Kwansei Gakuin University for several months at most. CASA at the American University in Cairo where she learnt Arabic is just a language school and does not offer any credits or degrees. If, as some Japanese people point out, Koike actually transferred to the second year at Cairo University in 1973, that is nothing but a fraudulent transfer. That means she was not eligible for graduation from the beginning.
💥關於小池入學許可的問題並沒有得到答案
No answer to the question about Koike’s admittance
2019年,有51人因以慈善機構樂捐名義為幌子,賄賂美國一個組織而受到起訴,該組織通過提升名人和其他人的孩子的SAT(大學才能測驗)分數,以欺詐手段允許他們的子女因此能夠進入著名的大學。
In 2019, 51 people were prosecuted in the United States for paying bribes under the guise of charity to an organization that allows celebrities and others to increase their children's SAT (college aptitude test) scores and fraudulently admit them to prestigious universities.
其中一位女演員費利西蒂·霍夫曼(Felicity Huffman)曾出演電視劇《欲望師奶(台灣翻譯)》,被判處14天監禁,並於去年10月在加利福尼亞州的女性監獄中被監禁。 霍夫曼的女兒索菲亞(Sophia)尚未上大學,據報導他將重考SAT。
One of them, actress Felicity Huffman, who starred in the TV drama Desperate Housewives, was sentenced to 14 days in prison and was incarcerated last October in a women's prison in California. Huffman's daughter Sophia has not enrolled in college and is reported to be retaking the SAT.
斯坦福大學以’非合法入學申請’為由,開除一名中國學生,原因在於他的父母為了可以濫用體育贊助(入學)名額,使他得以註冊該校學習課程,向該(同一)組織支付了650萬美元。
Stanford University expelled a Chinese student, whose parents paid $6.5 million to the organization for misusing a sports endorsement slot to enroll in the program, citing irregularities in submissions.
由於小池似乎未達到轉學入埃及國立大學的要求,因此我致信小池,詢問小池是在1972年還是1973年被錄取,但未得到任何答复(有關我詢問的信件內容,以及小池回應的所有完整文件,將在此報告的稍後部分中顯示)。
As Koike does not appear to have fulfilled the requirements for transferring to a state university in Egypt, I sent a letter to Koike, to ask whether she was admitted in 1972 or 1973 but received no response (the full text of my questions to and response from Koike will appear later in this report).
開羅大學是阿拉伯世界著名的大學之一,醫學,工程學,經濟和政治學係有許多優秀的埃及學生。 但是,該校在全球地位並不是很高。
Cairo University is one of the prominent universities in the Arab world and there are many excellent Egyptian students in the Faculties of Medicine, Engineering, and Economics and Political Science. However, its global standing is not very high.
在英國Quacquarelli Symonds Ltd.發布的2020年QS世界大學排名中,開羅大學在全球排名521-530,在埃及排名第二,與日本的熊本大學和長崎大學相當。 埃及最好的大學是開羅的美國大學(私立和美國認可大學),在世界上排名第395(與日本神戶大學並列)。 埃及排名第三的是艾因沙姆斯大學,亞歷山大大學和阿修特大學(所有國立大學),在世界範圍內排名第801-1000。
In the 2020 edition of the QS World University Rankings published by Quacquarelli Symonds Ltd. in the United Kingdom, Cairo University ranks 521-530 in the world and second in Egypt, on par with Kumamoto University and Nagasaki University in Japan. The best university in Egypt is the American University in Cairo (private and American-accredit university) which ranks 395th in the world (tied with Kobe University in Japan). Third place in Egypt are Ain Shams University, Alexandria University, and Assiut University (all state universities) which rank 801-1000th in the world.
💥小池與Abdel-Kader Hatem博士的關係
Koike’s Connections with Dr. Abdel-Kader Hatem
協助小池進行了“可能是欺詐性轉學"的埃及政客的名字出現在“假經歷”這部分的內容中。 這個室友證明,小池在1973年通過著名的埃及政治家阿卜杜勒·卡德爾·哈特姆博士的關係轉入開羅大學二年級。
The name of an Egyptian politician who assisted Koike's possible ""fraudulent transfer"" appears in the ""Fake CV"". The flatmate testifies that Koike transferred to the second grade at Cairo University in 1973 through the connections of Dr. Abdel- Kader Hatem, a prominent Egyptian politician."
Hatem於1917年生於亞歷山大。他畢業於軍事學院和開羅大學。 他參與了1952年的埃及革命(是一個推翻君主制的政變,次年埃及共和國成立),當時他是在由Gamal Abdel Nasser中校領導的自由軍運動中的一名年輕成員。
Hatem was born in Alexandria in 1917. A graduate of the Military Academy and Cairo University. He participated in the Egyptian revolution in 1952 (a coup to overthrow the monarchy which was followed by the foundation of the republic the following year) as a young member of the Free Officers Movement led by then Lieutenant Colonel Gamal Abdel Nasser.
他於1957年成為國民議會議員,總統府副部長,1959年廣播電視國務部長,1962年文化部長,國家指導和旅遊部長,1971年副首相兼文化信息部長 ,曾任全國專業委員會常務理事兼埃及-日本友好協會主席。 他於2015年去世,享年97歲。
He became a member of the National Assembly in 1957, Deputy Minister in the Presidential Office, Minister of State for Radio and Television in 1959, Minister of Culture and Minister of National Guidance and Tourism in 1962, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Culture and Information in 1971, then longtime General Supervisor of the Specialized National Councils and President of the Egyptian-Japanese Friendship Association. He died in 2015 at the age of 97.
1974年2月,當時掌控文化和信息的副首相,哈特姆,以正式外賓的身份訪問了日本,並會見了日本首相田中角榮,副首相三木武夫,並參觀了皇宮與天皇會面。 1982年,他被日本政府授予"旭日東昇頭等大勳章”。
In February 1974, Hatem, who was then the Deputy Prime Minister in charge of Culture and Information visited Japan as an official guest and met Japan’s Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka, Deputy Prime Minister Takeo Miki and visited the Imperial Palace to meet the Emperor. In 1982 he was awarded the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun, First Class by the Japanese government.
"在1974年Hatem訪日之際,日本駐埃及大使Tsutomu Wada在1974年2月12日給日本外交大臣的正式電報中寫道:“埃及政治的最新發展,哈特姆副首相的職位(曾擔任首相的代理者)得到了進一步鞏固,正如我經常報導的那樣,埃及副首相在6名媒體記者的陪同下訪問日本,這是非同尋常的,這清楚地表明了哈特姆博士的權力,並表明了他認為這次訪問的重要性。”
On the occasion of Hatem's visit to Japan in 1974 the Japanese Ambassador to Egypt Tsutomu Wada wrote in an official telegram dated 12 February 1974 to the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Japan ""As a result of recent developments in Egyptian politics the position of Deputy Prime Minister Hatem (who had been acting as a substitute for the Prime Minister) has been further strengthened as I have often reported. It is remarkable for an Egyptian Deputy Prime Minister to visit Japan accompanied by 6 media reporters and that clearly shows Dr. Hatem’s power. It also shows how important he thinks this visit is."""
"哈特姆的阿拉伯文傳記《阿卜杜勒·卡德·哈特姆日記-十月戰爭政府首腦》於2016年在開羅出版(由埃及記者易卜拉欣·阿卜杜勒·阿齊茲撰寫)指出,哈特姆與中曾根康弘保持著良好的關係, 自1954年起擔任日本前首相,中曾根將當時的在校學生,小池百合子-他朋友的女兒,介紹給哈特姆,哈特姆照顧小池,小池稱哈特姆為教父,並給了小池零用錢, 每月14埃及鎊。(小池在《長袖和服的金字塔攀登》第250頁上寫道,她每月從埃及政府獲得12英鎊的獎學金)。
🌐Chenchen註:Furisode是日本年輕未婚女性穿著的最正式的和服風格-以長袖為其特色,小池應是以Furisode做為自己的意象代名詞,唯美的描繪她以一介日本年輕嬌嬌女,如何在陌生的中東環境-埃及地,逐步攀登權力金字塔。中東地區非常保守,不但男尊女卑,金字塔也不容許遊客任意攀登,更何況是穿著舉步維艱的長袖正式和服,所以小池以一個浮誇的畫面來增飾自己在埃及留學生活的映象。
The Arabic-language biography of Hatem “The Diary of Abdel-Kader Hatem - Head of the October War Government"" published in Cairo in 2016 (written by an Egyptian journalist Ibrahim Abdel Aziz) states that Hatem had been on good terms with Yasuhiro Nakasone, former Prime Minister of Japan, since 1954 and that Nakasone introduced Yuriko Koike to him, a student at that time, as the daughter of his friend. Hatem took care of Koike. Koike called Hatem a god-father, and he gave Koike an allowance of 14 Egyptian pounds a month (Koike wrote on page 250 of “Furisode Climbing the Pyramid"" that she received a scholarship of 12 pounds a month from the Egyptian government)."
Abdel-Kader Hatem與中曾根康弘
Abdel-Kader Hatem with Yasuhiro Nakasone
"另一方面,小池於1985年出版的書《音譯:Onna女性 no 的Jinmyaku-Zukuri人脈建立 ((我如何以女人的身分經營人脈關係)》指出,她的父親(小池裕郎)很早就認識中曾根。她本人是在小學時代即已見到中曾根,在每個冬天,中曾根都向家人送去了一堆在中曾根選舉區群馬縣產的韭菜,並與他的兄弟一起吃了。
On the other hand Koike's book, ""Onna no Jinmyaku-Zukuri (How I made personal connections as a woman)"" published in 1985 states that her father (Yujiro Koike) had known Nakasone for a long time. She herself first met Nakasone when she was an elementary school student, every winter Nakasone sent her family a bunch of leeks produced in Gunma prefecture, Nakasone’s electoral district, and she ate them with his* brother." 🌐*Chenchen註:應該是She ate them with HER brother.,,
1973年10月6日,埃及爆發了十月戰爭(Yom Kippur War)。 埃及和敘利亞軍隊對部署在蘇伊士運河和戈蘭高地的以色列部隊發動了進攻,試圖奪回1967年六日戰爭(六月戰爭)中以色列佔領的領土。
🌐Chenchen註:這是知名的第四次以阿戰爭,後來引發第一次石油危機,各界認為這是阿拉伯國家在二戰之後,第一次聯手反對西方帝國主義。維基百科:贖罪日戰爭,又稱第四次以阿戰爭、齋月戰爭、十月戰爭...起源於埃及與敘利亞分別攻擊六年前被以色列佔領的西奈半島和戈蘭高地。戰爭的頭一至兩日埃敘聯盟佔了上風,但此後戰況逆轉。至第二周,敘軍退出戈蘭高地。在西奈,以軍在兩軍之間攻擊,越過原來的停火線蘇伊士運河。直到聯合國停火令生效為止,以軍甚至包圍了埃及的主力部隊。 https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%B4%96%E7%BD%AA%E6%97%A5%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD
On 6 October 1973, the October War (Yom Kippur War) broke out in Egypt. Egyptian and Syrian forces launched an attack on Israeli forces deployed in the Suez Canal and Golan Heights in an attempt to recapture territory occupied by Israel in the Six Day War (June War) in 1967.
"為了支持埃及和敘利亞,阿拉伯石油輸出國組織(OAPEC)將石油價格提高了1.4倍,並引發了第一次石油危機。 日本被OAPEC視為“不友好”國家之一,由於採取了削減石油供應的措施,日本遭受了經濟危機。 日本政府派副首相三木武夫和前外交大臣小坂健太郎等人前往沙烏地阿拉伯,埃及和阿爾及利亞,要求這些國家將日本改變為“友好國家”類別(所謂的“石油乞討外交”)。 。
In support of Egypt and Syria, the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC), raised oil prices by 1.4 times and caused the First Oil Crisis. Japan was considered one of the ""unfriendly"" countries by OAPEC and suffered an economic crisis as a result of measures to cut oil supplies. The Japanese government sent Deputy Prime Minister Takeo Miki and former Foreign Minister Zentaro Kosaka and others to Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Algeria to ask those countries to change Japan to a ""friendly country"" category (the so-called ""oil begging diplomacy"")."
(待續...或是直接點原文連結)
https://jbpress.ismedia.jp/articles/-/60643
culture war中文 在 大人的玩具 Youtube 的最佳貼文
論文摘要
現今社會,成年人有著來自社會與生活的多方壓力,而這種壓力需要釋放,以慰藉情感,供成年人把玩之玩具就可作為釋放壓力的一個途徑。
過去人們認為玩具是兒童的專利,成年人如果玩玩具就會被認為是不務正業。但隨著時代的不斷變化,人們對於玩具的認識也更加豐富和多元化,成年人在情感需求之要求下,也希望通過玩具來使情感需求得到滿足,
在NPD調查的12個玩具市場中,全球最大的玩具市場—美國2017年銷售額比2016年增長了1%,達207億美元。而中國也僅次於美國成為全球第二大玩具消費市場。
「公仔」(Figure)為玩具之其一分類,這個詞源自70年代香港、澳門,是世界動漫產業興盛發展的新辭彙。然而目前市面上普遍為歐美系與日系公仔居多,相較少有屬於中國文化之公仔。因此,實體化中國文學角色並符合現代潮流的公仔設計為本研究之創作動機。
本創作以少人著墨之鐵扇公主和牛魔王角色為目標,兩角色似中國版美女與野獸,有著獨特的設計與衝突的美感,藉由ZBrush為數位雕刻並以光固化3D列印實體化,創作出古典與現代二款造型之潮流創意公仔。
People are experiencing pressures coming from various sources like, from our society and life. We need ways to release those pressures. Toys made for adults may serve as one of the great ways to release our stress.
Having fun with toys has been regarded as children’s privilege in old days. Adults would be considered childish if they were found playing with toys. As time goes by, however, people now a days, have different points of view about toys. Grownups, now a days are having emotional needs as well, to be met and some of them can be achieved through spending time and energy on toys.
A survey conducted by NPD (NPD Group, Inc.) on the 12 major toy markets over the globe shows that the world's largest toy market—the USA market sales increased by 1% up to a total of 20.7 billion US dollars in 2017 compared to the sales number in 2016. China, though second only to the US market for toys, does not have much of its own culture or literature related in any toy products.
"Figures ", also known as “Gong-zai” in Chinese communities, is one of the toys’ categories. This word, originated from Hong Kong and Macao way back 1970s, it is a relatively new term for the worldwide booming animation industry. American, European, and Japanese figures overwhelming dominate current toy markets and only few Chinese figures can be found among them. In the light of this phenomenon, the ideas to make figures from famous characters in Chinese fictions or literatures that follows the modern features of figures transform the motivation of this research.
The figures created for this research are the roles called “Princess Iron-Fan” and “Bull Demon King” which are famous but less mentioned. They are like the Chinese version of Beauty and the Beast, which are innovative crafted and exhibit the conflicting beauty. The software ZBrush is used for digital engraving and a photo-curing 3D printer modeling. The final products are characters with two different styles--classic and modern ones.
culture war中文 在 This is Taiwan Youtube 的精選貼文
[有中文字幕] 外國人在臺灣生活體驗 What are the different phases that many foreigners go through when living in Taiwan?
Japanese Shrine in Taoyuan City:
https://travel.tycg.gov.tw/en/travel/attraction/1034
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