[開光點眼]
開光點眼,簡稱開光,是道教中一個儀式。道教中認為神像在經過開光前只是雕塑物品而非神的存在,要請神進入雕塑品內需要經過開光儀式。
開光過程會依地區和道士而有所不同。一開始需要找一個德高望重的道士,然後選擇一個入座的日子;接著道士在儀式中會一邊唸咒一遍拿著寶鏡,將寶鏡照到的太陽光反射到神像上;再來將神像的軀體後背會開個洞,放入五至七種寶物後再將洞填起來。常見的寶物有金、銀、銅、鐵、錫、瑪瑙、玉石、珍珠、蜜蜂、蜈蚣、五色線等,也有地區會放入符咒或是用紅紙寫下神的起源。在最後道士使用毛筆,將白公雞的雞冠血和黑色鴨的舌頭血點上神像的五官和身軀,開啟耳、鼻、舌、身、意,統稱「六通」。
雞是陽氣和生命力的象徵,「鴨」因為發音同「壓」,所以是用來壓制煞氣,儀式用的雞鴨不能殺掉需要放生,演變至現代則多以硃砂取代。
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[kāi guāng diǎn yǎn]
Kai Guang Dian Yan, the consecration ceremony is one of the many Taoist ceremonies. Taoists believe before the consecration ceremony, the statue or picture of the deity would just be the depiction without the essence of the spirit. To invite the spirit of the deity to reside in either the statue or the picture, the consecration ceremony is required.
The consecration ceremony varies depending on the location and the preforming Taoist. Generally speaking, the process of the consecration ceremony would need a virtuous and reputable Taoist to pick the specific date to present the ceremony. During the ceremony, the Taoist would recite special scripture while hold a sacred mirror. Then sun light would be reflected on the sculpture or image with the depiction of the deity. After process, if its a sculpture, the back it would have a hole opened up and inserted with five to seven different sacred objects such as: gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, agate, jade, pearl, bee, centipede and/ or five colored tread. In some instances, depending on the locale where the ceremony is being preformed, written spells or the origin of the said deity written on a piece of red paper would also be inserted into the sculpture. Lastly, the Taoist would then use a hair brush dipped in the blood from a white rooster’s crown mixed with blood from the tongue of a black duck, to annotate the five senses and the body of the sculpture. To “turn on” the ears, nose, eyes body and the thought of the deity now attached to the sculpture. This is called “Liu Tong”, to turn on all six senses.
White rooster signifies life and male vitality. While the pronunciation of duck in mandarin is similar to pressing down so it’s used to press down evil spirits.
The rooster and duck used in the ceremony can not be killed and would be released alive. Nowadays in modern society, when this ceremony is being preformed, cinnabar is used to substitute live animal blood.
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[托福和雅思單字表+mp3] Architecture 建築學
Audio file: https://www.dropbox.com/s/hloi56qzsq9q9ed/Architecture.mp3 (Updated!)
老師雖然每次在提供單字表時都會附上中文解釋,但這只是方便學生更快知道這個單字最通用的意思,不代表是它最完整的涵義及用法。除此之外,有心的同學應該進一步使用其它工具查詢,最好是單字,配詞與句子一起背 (死背一個單字是無用的),再透過經常使用單字的方式,加強自己對單字的認知和應用。當然,你也可以利用老師或字典提供的單字音檔,進而增加自己對單字的辨識能力和發音!
Use the audio file to improve your pronunciation of these words. The file can also be used as a simple listening and spelling test!
acoustics (n.) 音響效果 ; 音質
amphitheater (n.) 圓形露天劇場
angular (adj.) 有角的; 有尖角的
aqueduct (n.) 溝渠; 導水管; 渡槽 ; 橋管
arch (n.) 拱, 拱門 (v. =使成弓形, 拱起)
architecture (n.) 建築學 ; 建築術
atrium (n.) (古羅馬房屋之)廳堂【建】天井前廳;中庭
attic (n.) 閣樓
base (n.) 基,底,基部
beam (n.) 樑; 桁;
brass (n.) 黃銅; 黃銅製品
brick (n.) 磚; 磚塊
bridge (n.) 橋, 橋樑
bronze (n.) 青銅; 青銅製品
canal (n.) 運河; 河渠, 水道
carve (v.) 雕刻
century (n.) 世紀
classicism (n.) 古典主義
classical (adj.) 古典的(指古希臘、羅馬文學、藝術等)
clay (n.) 黏土,陶土
collapse (v.) 倒塌
column (n.) 圓柱
comfort (n.) 安逸,舒適
concrete (n.) 混凝土
construction (n.) 建築;建造
copper (n.) 銅;銅製品
courtyard (n.) 庭院
decorate (v.) 裝飾
dome (n.) 圓屋頂,圓蓋
drain (n.) 水道;排水溝
earthquake resistant (adj. phr.) 抗震
energy efficient (a.) 節能高效的
exterior (n.) 外在的;外表的
facade (n.) 建築物的正面
forum (n.) 古羅的廣場;公開討論的場所
fountain (n.) 泉; 水之源頭; 人造噴泉
foundation (n.) (建築物的)地基,地腳
framework (n.) 框架;支架
function (n.) 功能, 作用
geometric (a.) 幾何(學)的
geometry (n.) 幾何學
grandeur (n.) 宏偉, 壯觀, 莊嚴
granite (n.) 花崗岩
hall (n.) 廳堂;大會堂
hang/put up a painting (phr.) 掛一幅畫
high-rise (n.) 高樓的;高樓
horizontal (adj.) 水平的;橫的
insulate (v.) 使絕緣; 使隔熱; 使隔音
interior (n.) 在內的;內部的
lacquer (n./ v.) 漆; 塗漆
lay bricks (phr.) 砌磚
lime (n.) 石灰
loft (n.) 閣樓;頂樓
marble (n.) 大理石
mortar (n.) 灰漿,灰泥
mosaic (n.) 鑲嵌; 鑲嵌工藝 (a. = 馬賽克的; 鑲嵌的; 馬賽克式的)
mural (n.) 壁畫; 壁飾
partition (n.) 板壁;隔版 (v. = 分為數份;區分)
paint (n./v.) 油漆,塗料
pave (v.) 舖砌;舖(路)
pigment (n.) 色素;顏料
pillar (n.) 石柱
pipe (n.) 管,導管, 輸送管
piping (n.) 管道系統;(總稱)管道
plaster (n.) 灰泥
pottery (n.) 陶瓷製造(術),陶藝
proportion (n.) 比例
provide shelter (phr.) 提供庇護
raised (adj.) 浮雕的;凸起的;升高的
rebuild (v.) 重建;改建
rectangular (adj.) 矩形的,長方形的
reflect (v.) 反映
renovate (v.) 修理;改善;恢復
restoration (n.) 修復;復原;整修;重建
road (n.) 路
rubble (n.) 石子;碎磚;破瓦
scaffold (n.) 鷹架;建築架
sculpture (n.) 雕刻品 (v=sculpt)
sewage system (n.) 污水處理系統
sewer (n.) 下水道
shelter (n.) 遮蓋物;躲避處;避難所 (v.) 遮蔽;庇護
skyscraper (n.) 摩天樓,超高層大樓
steel (n.) 鋼
spectacular (a.) 壯觀的,蔚為奇觀的
statue (n.) 雕像,塑像
storage (n.) 貯藏庫,貨棧,倉庫
structure (n.) 結構;組織
stucco (n.) (粉飾用的) 灰泥
symmetry (n.) 對稱
tiling (n.) 瓦之統稱;鋪磚;覆瓦的工作
tilt (v.) 使傾斜;使翹起 (n.) 傾斜;傾側
trace (n.) 痕跡;遺跡
vault (n.)拱頂;拱形天花板
vertical (adj.) 垂直的;豎的
ventilation system (n.) 通風系統
wall (n.) 牆,壁;圍牆
wide (a.) 寬闊的
wind resistant (adj.) 抗風的
withstand (v.) 抗拒
Complete List 完整托福和雅思單字表+mp3: http://tinyurl.com/lk3fglc
學習單字的方式:
英文單字學習 I: https://www.dropbox.com/s/tq2ym9m3ihsbuy6/vocabI.pdf
英文單字學習 II: https://www.dropbox.com/s/eu51xclk7qxb211/vocabII.pdf
英文單字學習 III: https://www.dropbox.com/s/fsx6zx150c2q7so/vocabIII.pdf
Free Online Dictionaries 免費線上字典和辭典: http://tinyurl.com/kzctz56
sculpture pronunciation 在 How to Pronounce Sculpture, Sculptor and Sculptress 的推薦與評價
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