The origins of ‘fool’
Wednesday is April 1, when people in many countries worldwide celebrate the custom ( ) of “April Fool’s Day.” On this day, they play pranks ( ) on each other, the pranksters gleefully ( ) calling those hapless ( ) enough to fall for ( ) the joke an “April Fool.”
Nobody really knows for certain ( ) when, where or why the custom started. We have more certainty over the origins of the word “fool” itself, although some details remain unclear.
The word, which refers to ( ) a silly, stupid, or ignorant ( ) person, is thought to originate ( ) in the early 13th century, deriving ( ) from Old French fol, meaning a madman or insane person. The French word, in turn, comes from the Latin follis, meaning a leather bag or a bellows ( ) and, by extension later on, an empty-headed ( ) person.
Fool also referred to a rogue ( ) or a sinful ( ), wicked ( ) or lecherous ( ) person — around 1300, a “fool woman” meant a prostitute ( ), for example — and also a court ( ) jester ( ), a person whose purpose was to entertain ( ) the king and court, whether because they were pretending to be buffoonish ( ) or whether they actually were like that.
One theory is that the idea of the court jester “fool” derives from folles — the plural form of follis (bellows) — referring to the puffed cheeks of a buffoon.
It is unclear which sense came first, that of the idiot or the jester.
「愚人」的起源
下週三是四月一日,許多國家的人在這天都有過「愚人節」的慣例,互相捉弄,惡作劇的人樂不可支地把那些不幸被騙倒的人稱作「April Fool」(四月的愚人)。
沒有人能確知愚人節這習俗到底是在何時、何地或為何開始的,但我們對「fool」(傻瓜)一字的由來比較能夠掌握多,儘管有些細節仍不甚明瞭。
「fool」這個字,現今指的是傻氣、愚笨或無知的人,通常被認為是源自十三世紀初期的古法語字「fol」,意指瘋子或精神失常的人。而這個字又是源於拉丁文「follis」,意為皮製的袋子或風箱,後來引伸為腦袋空空的人。
「fool」亦指惡棍或有罪、惡毒或淫蕩的人──例如在西元一三○○年左右,「fool woman」指的是妓女,亦指弄臣,也就是在宮廷中負責娛樂國王和朝臣的人,無論這些弄臣是故意裝瘋賣傻,還是本來就如小丑般滑稽。
有一說則是認為,「fool」字的「弄臣」之意,是源於「folles」──即「follis」(風箱的拉丁文複數形)──指的是小丑鼓脹的臉頰。
「fool」一字是先有「傻子」之意,還是先有「弄臣」之意,我們並不清楚。
#高雄人 #學習英文 請找 #多益達人林立英文
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同時也有2部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過373萬的網紅Xiaomanyc 小马在纽约,也在其Youtube影片中提到,I’ve been spending the last two or three weeks studying Wolof, a West African language spoken in Senegal, the Gambia, and Mauritania, and today I’ve c...
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I’ve been spending the last two or three weeks studying Wolof, a West African language spoken in Senegal, the Gambia, and Mauritania, and today I’ve come to Harlem to try it out in NYC’s Little Senegal neighborhood, including at the Malcolm Shabazz Harlem Market and the great Senegalese restaurant Le Baobab on 116th street.
If you haven’t had the opportunity to try Senegalese cuisine, I would highly recommend checking out the ceebu jën (also spelled thieboudienne) here, which is Senegal’s national dish! It’s also the origin of the popular Nigerian and Ghanaian dish “jollof rice” — the word “jollof” actually originally refers to Wolof!
I learned by chatting with Awa on Italki for 1-2 hours per day. If you’re interested in learning Wolof or French (she’s a native French speaker as well), I would highly recommend booking a lesson with her — she’s an absolutely amazing teacher! https://www.italki.com/teacher/6971240
word of the day french 在 EZ Talk Facebook 的精選貼文
#EZTALK #你不知道的美國大小事
#redskin #football
🏈 The Washington Redskins
美國平權爭議燒向🔥美式足球:華盛頓紅皮隊隊名爭議
在進入文章之前,先來看幾個單字~✍
1. NFL「美式足球聯盟」:National Football League,是世界最大的職業美式足球聯盟,Super Bowl「超級盃」則是NFL的年度冠軍賽,一般在每年1月最後一個或2月第一個禮拜天舉行,當天也稱為Super Bowl Sunday,觀看超級盃足球賽可以說是全美運動。
2. criticism「批評」:當名詞,動詞為criticize
3. activist「社運人士」
4. settler「殖民者,開拓者」
5. negative「負面的」
6. stereotype「刻板印象」
7. offensive「冒犯的,歧視的」
8. poll「民意調查」
9. call on「呼籲,訴求」
10. merchandise「商品」
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If you’re a fan of American football, you’re sure to be familiar with the Washington Redskins. Since joining the NFL in the early 1930s, the Redskins have won two NFL Championships and three Super Bowls. Only five teams have appeared in more Super Bowls than the Redskins—the New England Patriots, Dallas Cowboys, Pittsburgh Steelers, Denver Broncos and San Francisco 49ers.
如果你是美式足球迷,想必對華盛頓紅皮隊不陌生。從1930年代初期加入美國職業美式足球聯盟NFL以來,紅皮隊已經拿下兩次NFL冠軍以及三次超級盃冠軍。目前只有五個球隊出現在超級盃的次數能超過紅皮隊──新英格蘭愛國者隊、達拉斯牛仔隊、匹茲堡鋼人隊、丹佛野馬隊,以及舊金山49人隊。
In recent years, however, the Redskins have come under increasing criticism. Although the Redskins’ last Super Bowl appearance was in 1992, this criticism isn’t about their performance on the field, but rather their name.
不過最近幾年,紅皮隊卻受到越來越多的批評聲浪。即使紅皮隊最近一次現身在超級盃已經是1992年的事情了,不過這個批評其實跟他們球場上的表現無關,而是跟他們的隊名有關。
Where does the term “redskin” come from? In the 18th century, French settlers in the Mississippi River Valley translated a word used by local Indians to refer to themselves into peau rouge. This was later translated into English as redskin, a term that was used for many years with no negative meaning, even by Indians themselves. But during the civil rights movement of the 1960s, American Indian activists began to feel that words like redskin promoted negative stereotypes about Native Americans.
「紅皮膚redskin」這個詞是怎麼來的?十八世紀移居到密西西比河流域的法國人,將當地印地安人用來自稱的字翻成peau rouge,這個法文詞後來翻成英文redskin「紅皮膚」,當時這個字並沒有任何負面含意,也這樣相安無事用了許多年,連印地安人自己也在用。不過,到一九六〇年代人權運動時期,美國印第安社運人士開始覺得,這個字會引起大家對美國原住民的負面刻板印象。
Today, most dictionaries define redskin as an offensive term, but it’s not that simple. A number of polls have shown that the majority of football fans, the general public, and even American Indians, don’t find the word redskin offensive. And Redskins owner Dan Snyder has said the name was chosen back in 1933 to honor Native Americans, including the head coach—who was part Sioux—and four of the team’s players.
如今,多數字典都將redskin這個字定義成歧視字眼,不過事情可沒這麼簡單。一連串針對美式足球觀眾、一般大眾、甚至對美國印地安人所做的民意調查顯示,他們並不覺得redskin這個字有歧視意味。而紅皮隊老闆丹施耐德也說了,這個隊名是他們在1933年為了表彰隊上的美國原住民隊員而選定的,包含身為蘇族的總教練以及其4名球員。
But following the police killing of George Floyd, a group of investors wrote letters to Redskins sponsors like FedEx, Nike and PepsiCo urging them to put pressure on the team to change its name. On July 2, FedEx publically called on the team to change its name, and Nike removed all Redskins merchandise from its website. The next day, the team announced that it would be reviewing its name, and on July 13 made an official statement that they would retire the Redskins name and logo.
然而,發生佛洛依德之死事件之後,一群投資人寫信給FedEx、Nike、百事可樂等紅皮隊的贊助商,希望他們對紅皮隊施加壓力更改隊名。7月2日,FedEx公開呼籲紅皮隊改名,Nike則是撤下官網上所有有紅皮隊隊徽的產品。隔日紅皮隊宣布會審慎檢討隊名,並在7月13日做出官方說明,表示他們會讓紅皮隊這個名字與隊徽走入歷史。
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word of the day french 在 Xiaomanyc 小马在纽约 Youtube 的最佳解答
I’ve been spending the last two or three weeks studying Wolof, a West African language spoken in Senegal, the Gambia, and Mauritania, and today I’ve come to Harlem to try it out in NYC’s Little Senegal neighborhood, including at the Malcolm Shabazz Harlem Market and the great Senegalese restaurant Le Baobab on 116th street.
If you haven’t had the opportunity to try Senegalese cuisine, I would highly recommend checking out the ceebu jën (also spelled thieboudienne) here, which is Senegal’s national dish! It’s also the origin of the popular Nigerian and Ghanaian dish “jollof rice” — the word “jollof” actually originally refers to Wolof!
I learned by chatting with Awa on Italki for 1-2 hours per day. If you’re interested in learning Wolof or French (she’s a native French speaker as well), I would highly recommend booking a lesson with her — she’s an absolutely amazing teacher! https://www.italki.com/teacher/6971240
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word of the day french 在 seanlje Youtube 的最讚貼文
Selamat Menyambut Ulang Tahun Hari Kemerdekaan Ke-57!
Thanks Instill Films for helping out: http://www.youtube.com/user/instillfilms
and thanks to those who were so sporting to be interviewed. It was a lot of fun, even for myself.
____
What is National Day?
Definition: Designated date on which celebrations mark the nationhood of a nation or non-sovereign country, which nationhood can be symbolized by the date of independence.
Who came up with the Negaraku Song?
The tune was originally used as the state anthem of Perak, which was adopted from a popular French melody titled "La Rosalie" composed by the lyricist Pierre-Jean de Béranger.
How many times did Mahathir shout Merdeka in 1957?
First of all, that was a trick question... it was Tunku Abdul Rahman. Not Mahathir, nor Najib. and he shouted 7 times.
How many points does the star have in our flag? and how many stripes?
Number of points the star and stripes are both 14. Representing 13 states and Federal Government. The 14-pointed star symbolises the unity of the 13 states with the Federal Government. The stripes all have equal width.
What is the name of our flag?
Jalur – A Malay word meaning a band or stripe of colour. The 14 parallel red and white stripes symbolise a common mission, a common direction and a virtuous path followed by the peoples of all states regardless of creed, race and religion.
Gemilang – A Malay word meaning bright, brilliant, resplendent or excellent.
Jalur Gemilang represents the excellence of the peoples and the nation of Malaysia in every field, be it at national or international level. Jalur Gemilang symbolises a nation and peoples who are hard-working, patriotic, strong, courageous and prepared to sacrifice for the race, nation and religion.
How many prime minister was there before Najib came into position?
Answer is 5. Najib is the 6th Prime Minister.
How many states in Malaysia?
13.
_____
*This content was based on true responses*
Know Malaysia, Love Malaysia, Be a true Malaysian.
_____
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